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Krzyżtopór
Krzyżtopór () is a castle located in the village of Ujazd, Iwaniska commune, Opatów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It was originally built by a Polish nobleman and Voivode of Sandomierz, Krzysztof Ossoliński (1587–1645). The castle was partially destroyed during the Swedish invasion known as The Deluge in 1655, and then reduced to ruins during the war of the Bar Confederation by the Russians in 1770. Construction It is unknown when the construction of this impressive fortress began. Krzysztof Ossoliński's father, Jan Zbigniew Ossoliński, gave him the village of Ujazd in 1619; however, first documented proof of the construction of the castle comes from 1627, when it was uncompleted. The nobleman probably finished it in 1644, having spent the enormous sum of 30 million Polish złotys on the work. Unfortunately, Ossoliński did not enjoy it for long, as he died suddenly the next year in Kraków. The castle was inherited by Ossoliński's son Krz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Krzyżtopór 2014 07 Dziedziniec
Krzyżtopór () is a castle located in the village of Ujazd, Iwaniska commune, Opatów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It was originally built by a Polish nobleman and Voivode of Sandomierz, Krzysztof Ossoliński (1587–1645). The castle was partially destroyed during the Swedish invasion known as The Deluge in 1655, and then reduced to ruins during the war of the Bar Confederation by the Russians in 1770. Construction It is unknown when the construction of this impressive fortress began. Krzysztof Ossoliński's father, Jan Zbigniew Ossoliński, gave him the village of Ujazd in 1619; however, first documented proof of the construction of the castle comes from 1627, when it was uncompleted. The nobleman probably finished it in 1644, having spent the enormous sum of 30 million Polish złotys on the work. Unfortunately, Ossoliński did not enjoy it for long, as he died suddenly the next year in Kraków. The castle was inherited by Ossoliński's son Krz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mannerist Architecture And Sculpture In Poland
Mannerist architecture and sculpture in Poland dominated between 1550 and 1650, when it was finally replaced with baroque. The style includes various mannerist traditions, which are closely related with ethnic and religious diversity of the country, as well as with its economic and political situation at that time. The mannerist complex of Kalwaria Zebrzydowska and mannerist City of Zamość are UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Conditions of development and features The period between 1550 and 1650 was a Golden Age of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (created in 1569) and a Golden Age of Poland. It was a time of economic prosperity due to grain trade. Grain was kept in richly embellished granaries (e.g. in Kazimierz Dolny) and transported along the Vistula to the main port of Poland - Gdańsk, where it was sold to the Netherlands, England, France, Italy and Spain (about 80% of the city's revenues in the beginning of the 17th century came from grain trade). It was also the time o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ujazd, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Ujazd is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Iwaniska, within Opatów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately south-east of Iwaniska, south-west of Opatów, and east of the regional capital Kielce. The village has a population of 530. It is the location of the ruined castle of Krzyżtopór. History Ujazd dates back to medieval Piast-ruled Poland. It was first mentioned in the act of endowment of the monastery in Jędrzejów in 1174–1176, and then also in the renewal of the monastery's privileges in 1210. Ujazd was a private village of Polish nobility, including the Oleśnicki, Zborowski, Ossoliński, Kalinowski, Wiśniowiecki, Morsztyn, Pac, Sołtyk, Łempicki and Orsetti families, administratively located in the Sandomierz County in the Sandomierz Voivodeship in the Lesser Poland Province. Krzysztof Ossoliński erected the Krzyżtopór castle. The castle was the site of Polish defenses against the Swedes in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iwaniska
Iwaniska is a town in Opatów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Iwaniska. It lies approximately south-west of Opatów and east of the regional capital Kielce. The town has a population of 1,300. Iwaniska lies on the Koprzywianka river in historic Lesser Poland, in the southeastern corner of the Świętokrzyskie Mountains. Approximately 2 kilometers southeast of Iwaniska the complex of the Krzyżtopór castle is located. History The history of Iwaniska dates back to the late 13th century, when it was a settlement called Onispowka, located in feudal Poland’s Land of Sandomierz. In 1403, the influential Zborowski family decided to found a town here, and at that time, Iwaniska was called Unieszow or Uneszow. The current name came into use in the mid-15th century. During the Protestant Reformation, Iwaniska was a center of Calvinism, here a synod took place in 1552, and among its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Topór Coat Of Arms
Topór (Polish language, Polish for "axe") is a Polish heraldry, Polish coat of arms. It was used by several ''szlachta'' (noble) families in History of Poland in the Middle Ages, medieval Poland and under the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. History The topór coat of arms is said to be one of the oldest Polish szlachta emblems, if not the oldest. Its use dates back to at least as far as a seal of the late 13th century. Before the Union of Horodło (1413) approximately 220 Polish szlachta families - mostly in and around Kraków, Lublin and Sandomierz - used this symbol. Under the Union the coat of arms was represented by Maciej z Wąsocza, the Kraków Voivodeship (14th century – 1795), Voivod of Kraków, and by Jan Butrym, a Lithuanian boyar who represented Lithuanian noble families. After the union another 150 families in Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Lithuania adopted the topór coat of arms. Due to its antiquity it was sometimes referred to as "''Starża''", an Old Polish lang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Krzysztof Ossoliński
Krzysztof Ossoliński (28 April, 1587 – 24 February, 1645) was a Polish–Lithuanian '' szlachcic'' (nobleman). He was Podstoli of Sandomierz since 1618, Podkomorzy of Sandomierz since 1619, Castellan sadecki in 1633, wojnicki in 1636, voivode of Sandomierz Voivodeship in 1638, Starost stobnicki, ropczycki and wolbromski. Brother of Kanclerz (Chancellor) Jerzy Ossoliński, important figure in the contemporary politics of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. He was the builder of Krzyżtopór Krzyżtopór () is a castle located in the village of Ujazd, Iwaniska commune, Opatów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It was originally built by a Polish nobleman and Voivode of Sandomierz, Krzysztof Ossoliński (1587 ..., a baroque castle that was reduced to ruin during the Swedish invasion of 1655. 1587 births 1645 deaths Krzysztof Members of the Sejm of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth {{Poland-noble-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deluge (history)
The Deluge ( pl, potop szwedzki, lt, švedų tvanas) was a series of mid-17th-century military campaigns in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. In a wider sense it applies to the period between the Khmelnytsky Uprising of 1648 and the Truce of Andrusovo in 1667, thus comprising the Polish theatres of the Russo-Polish War (1654–1667), Russo-Polish and Second Northern Wars. In a stricter sense, the term refers to the Swedish Empire, Swedish invasion and occupation of the Commonwealth as a theatre of the Second Northern War (1655–1660) only; in Poland and Lithuania this period is called the Swedish Deluge ( pl, potop szwedzki, sv, Svenska syndafloden), or less commonly the Russo–Swedish Deluge ( pl, Potop szwedzko-rosyjski) due to the simultaneous Russo-Polish War (1654–1667), Russo-Polish War. The term "deluge" (''potop'' in Polish) was popularized by Henryk Sienkiewicz in his novel ''The Deluge (novel), The Deluge'' (1886). During the wars the Commonwealth lost approx ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stanisław Sołtyk
Stanisław Sołtyk (12 December 1753 – 4 June 1831) was a Polish nobleman (szlachcic), political activist, landowner, father of Roman Sołtyk. Stanisław was born in Krysk near Płońsk. He became Royal chamberlain in 1780, Great Podstoli of the Crown in 1784. He was a strong supporter of reforms in the Republic. He participated in the Great Sejm in 1788–1792 as representative of the Kraków Voivodeship for the second time. He was a member of the " Radziwill Club", which prepared the passing of the Constitution of 3 May 1791 by the Sejm. After the adoption of the Constitution, he became member and co-founder of the Assembly of Friends of the 3 May Constitution. Reportedly, he was the last known inhabitant of the Krzyżtopór castle complex, living there in the years 1782-1787. He participated in the preparation of the Kościuszko Uprising, but did not partake in any armed struggles. He was sent with a secret diplomatic mission to the royal court in Vienna, but was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sent
Sent is a former municipality in the district of Inn in the Swiss Canton of Graubünden. On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Ardez, Guarda, Tarasp, Ftan and Sent merged into the municipality of Scuol.Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz published by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office accessed 27 April 2016 History Sent is first mentioned in 930, when King sent the priest Hartpert to the church in ''vicus Sindes''. It is unclear whether he meant the Church o ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Black Magic
Black magic, also known as dark magic, has traditionally referred to the use of supernatural powers or magic for evil and selfish purposes, specifically the seven magical arts prohibited by canon law, as expounded by Johannes Hartlieb in 1456. During his period of scholarship, A. E. Waite provided a comprehensive account of black magic practices, rituals and traditions in ''The Book of Ceremonial Magic'' (1911). It is also sometimes referred to as the "left-hand path". In modern times, some find that the definition of black magic has been convoluted by people who define magic or ritualistic practices that they disapprove of as black magic. The seven ''Artes prohibitae'' of black magic The seven ''artes prohibitae'' or ''artes magicae'', arts prohibited by canon law, as expounded by Johannes Hartlieb in 1456, their sevenfold partition reflecting that of the artes liberales and artes mechanicae, were: #necromancy #geomancy #hydromancy #aeromancy #pyromancy #chiromancy #scap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alessandro Farnese (cardinal)
Alessandro Farnese (5 October 1520 – 2 March 1589), an Italian Cardinal (Catholicism), cardinal and diplomat and a great collector and Patronage#Arts, patron of the arts, was the grandson of Pope Paul III (who also bore the name ''Alessandro Farnese''), and the son of Pier Luigi Farnese, Duke of Parma, Pier Luigi Farnese, Duke of Parma, who was murdered in 1547. He should not be confused with his nephew, Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma, Alessandro Farnese, Governor of the Spanish Netherlands, grandson of Emperor Charles V and great-grandson of Pope Paul III. Early life Farnese was born at the family castle at Valentano in Tuscany on 7 October 1520 (current province of Viterbo), the son of Pierluigi Farnese, who was the son of Cardinal Alessandro Farnese (Pope Paul III); and Girolama Orsini, daughter of Ludovico Orsini, seventh Conte di Pitigliano, and Giulia Conti. They were married in Rome on 6 August 1519. Young Alessandro studied at Bologna along with his cousin, Guido Asca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kalinowski
Kalinowski (other spellings listed below) is a surname which is most frequent in north-eastern Poland. It comes from place names such as Kalinowa (other), Kalinowa, Kalinowo (other), Kalinowo, and Kalinów (other), Kalinów, which are derived from the word wikt:kalina#Polish, kalina ("Viburnum"). It is related to the following surnames in other languages: People *Kalinowski family *Andrzej Kalinowski (died 1531), Polish nobleman *Jan Kalinowski (1857–1941), Polish naturalist who settled in Peru *Efim Kalinovsky (1892–?), Russian nobleman and military leader, participant in the First World War and the Civil War. He was Cavalier of St. George and Major General of the White Army, head of the Kolchakov division. *Jarosław Kalinowski (born 1962), Polish politician *John Kalinowski (1946–2013), British music manage *Konstanty Kalinowski (1838–1864), Polish-Belarusian writer, journalist, lawyer and revolutionary *Lothar Kalinowsky (1899–1992), A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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