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Krais Of Russia
A krai ( rus, край, r=kray, p=kraj, t=edge) is a type of federal subject of the Russian Federation. The country is divided into 89 federal subjects, of which nine are krais. Oblasts, another type of federal subject, are legally identical to krais and the difference between a political entity with the name "krai" or "oblast" is purely traditional, similar to the commonwealths in the United States; both are constituent entities equivalent in legal status in Russia with representation in the Federation Council. During the Soviet era, the autonomous oblasts could be subordinated to republics or krais, but not to oblasts. Outside of political terminology, both words have very similar general meaning ("region" or "area" in English) and can often be used interchangeably. When a distinction is desirable, "krai" is sometimes translated into English as "territory", while "oblast" can variously be translated to "province" or "region", but both of these translations are also reas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Krais Of Russia
A krai ( rus, край, r=kray, p=kraj, t=edge) is a type of federal subject of the Russian Federation. The country is divided into 89 federal subjects, of which nine are krais. Oblasts, another type of federal subject, are legally identical to krais and the difference between a political entity with the name "krai" or "oblast" is purely traditional, similar to the commonwealths in the United States; both are constituent entities equivalent in legal status in Russia with representation in the Federation Council. During the Soviet era, the autonomous oblasts could be subordinated to republics or krais, but not to oblasts. Outside of political terminology, both words have very similar general meaning ("region" or "area" in English) and can often be used interchangeably. When a distinction is desirable, "krai" is sometimes translated into English as "territory", while "oblast" can variously be translated to "province" or "region", but both of these translations are also reas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oblasts Of Russia
An oblast (russian: область) is a type of federal subjects of Russia, federal subject in Russia. Overview Oblasts are constituent polity, political entities in a Federated state, federal union with representation in the Federation Council (Russia), Federation Council, and serve as a first-level administrative division. Each oblast features a state government holding authority over a defined geographic territory, with a state legislature, the ''Oblast Duma'', that is democracy, democratically elected. The Governor (Russia), governor is the highest Executive (government), executive position of the state government in an Oblast, and is elected by people. Oblasts are divided into ''Raion#Russian Federation, raions'' (districts), City of federal subject significance, cities of oblast significance (district-equivalent independent city, independent cities), and autonomous okrugs, which are legally federal subjects equal to an oblast but are administratively subservient to one. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Okrug
An ''okrug, ; russian: о́круг, ókrug; sr, округ, okrug, ; uk, о́круг, о́kruh; be, акруга, akruha; pl, okręg; ab, оқрҿс; mhr, йырвел, '' is a type of administrative division in some Slavic states. The word ''okrug'' is a loanword in English, alternatively translated as ''area'', ''district'', or ''region''. Etymologically, ''okrug'' literally means 'circuit'. In meaning, the word is similar to the German term '' Bezirk'' ('district') and the French word ''arrondissement''; all of which refer to something "encircled" or "surrounded". Bulgaria In Bulgaria, ''s'' are the abolished primary unit of the administrative division and implied "districts" or "counties". They existed in the postwar Bulgaria between 1946 and 1987 and corresponded approximately to today's oblasts. Poland As historical administrative subdivisions of Poland, existed in the later part of the Congress Poland period, from 1842, when the name was applied to th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
City Of Federal Subject Significance
City of federal subject significance is an administrative division of a federal subject of Russia which is equal in status to a district but is organized around a large city; occasionally with surrounding rural territories. Description According to the 1993 Constitution of Russia, the administrative-territorial structure of the federal subjects is not identified as the responsibility of the federal government or as the joint responsibility of the federal government and the federal subjects."Энциклопедический словарь конституционного права". Статья "Административно-территориальное устройство". Сост. А. А. Избранов. — Мн.: Изд. В.М. Суров, 2001. This state of the matters is traditionally interpreted by the governments of the federal subjects as a sign that the matters of the administrative-territorial divisions are the sole responsibility of the fe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Executive (government)
The Executive, also referred as the Executive branch or Executive power, is the term commonly used to describe that part of government which enforces the law, and has overall responsibility for the governance of a state. In political systems based on the separation of powers, such as the USA, government authority is distributed between several branches in order to prevent power being concentrated in the hands of a single person or group. To achieve this, each branch is subject to checks by the other two; in general, the role of the Legislature is to pass laws, which are then enforced by the Executive, and interpreted by the Judiciary. The Executive can be also be the source of certain types of law, such as a decree or executive order. In those that use fusion of powers, typically Parliamentary systems, the Executive forms the government and its members generally belong to the political party that controls the legislature or "Parliament". Since the Executive requires the sup ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Governor (Russia)
The highest official of the subject of the Russian Federation, also known as the holder of the highest office of subject of the Russian Federation (russian: высшее должностное лицо субъекта Российской Федерации) or the head of the highest executive body of state power of the subject of the Russian Federation (russian: руководитель высшего исполнительного органа государственной власти субъекта Российской Федерации) and colloquially and collectively referred to as the title Governor (russian: губернатор - ''gubernator'') or head of region (russian: глава региона - ''glava regiona''), is the head and the chief executive of each of the federal subjects of Russia, not directly subordinate to the federal authorities, but the political and ceremonial head of the federal subject, all of which are equal constituent entities of Russia. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democracy
Democracy (From grc, δημοκρατία, dēmokratía, ''dēmos'' 'people' and ''kratos'' 'rule') is a form of government in which people, the people have the authority to deliberate and decide legislation ("direct democracy"), or to choose governing officials to do so ("representative democracy"). Who is considered part of "the people" and how authority is shared among or delegated by the people has changed over time and at different rates in different countries. Features of democracy often include freedom of assembly, freedom of association, association, property rights, freedom of religion and freedom of speech, speech, Social exclusion#Social inclusion, inclusiveness and political equality, equality, citizenship, consent of the governed, voting rights, freedom from unwarranted governmental wikt:deprivation, deprivation of the right to life and liberty, and minority rights. The notion of democracy has evolved over time considerably. Throughout history, one can find evid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Regional Parliaments Of Russia
The regional parliaments of Russia are the legislative bodies of power in the federal subjects of Russia ( republics, Territories of Russia, regions, autonomous districts and federal cities), which have different names, often collectively referred to in the media as regional parliaments. The federal structure of Russia includes 85 regional parliaments. The biggest regional parliament is the State Assembly of the Republic of Bashkortostan which consists of 110 deputies. The smallest one is the Duma of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug which consists of 15 deputies. Currently, every regional parliament is elected for a session of 5 years. Parties in each parliament Data is current as of December 2020. United Russia holds an absolute majority in 79 of the 85 parliaments. The Table is not yet updated to the 2022 Russian regional elections. a. Not recognized internationally as a part of Russia, but part of Ukraine. See also * Politics of Russia The politics of Russi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
State Government
A state government is the government that controls a subdivision of a country in a federal form of government, which shares political power with the federal or national government. A state government may have some level of political autonomy, or be subject to the direct control of the federal government. This relationship may be defined by a constitution. The reference to "state" denotes country subdivisions that are officially or widely known as "states", and should not be confused with a "sovereign state". Most federations designate their federal units "state" or the equivalent term in the local language; however, in some federations, other designations are used such as Oblast or Republic. Some federations are asymmetric, designating greater powers to some federal units than others. Provinces are usually divisions of unitary states but occasionally the designation is also given to the federal units such as the Provinces of Argentina or Canada. Their governments, which are a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republics Of The Soviet Union
The Republics of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics or the Union Republics ( rus, Сою́зные Респу́блики, r=Soyúznye Respúbliki) were national-based administrative units of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). The Soviet Union was formed in 1922 by a treaty between the Soviet republics of Byelorussia, Russia, Transcaucasia, and Ukraine, by which they became its constituent republics. For most of its history, the USSR was a highly centralized state despite its nominal structure as a federation of republics; the decentralization reforms during the era of '' perestroika'' and '' glasnost'' conducted by Mikhail Gorbachev are cited as one of the factors which led to the dissolution of the USSR in 1991 and the creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States. There were two very distinct types of republics in the Soviet Union: the larger union republics, representing the main ethnic groups of the Union and with the constitutional right ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Autonomous Oblasts Of The Soviet Union
Autonomous oblasts of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics were administrative units created for a number of smaller nations, which were given autonomy within the fifteen republics of the USSR. According to the constitution of the USSR, autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts and autonomous okrugs had the right, by means of a referendum, to independently resolve the issue of staying in the USSR or in the seceding union republic, as well as to raise the issue of their state-legal status. Azerbaijan SSR * Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (now Nagorno-Karabakh / Republic of Artsakh) Georgian SSR * South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast (now Provisional Administration of South Ossetia / Republic of South Ossetia–the State of Alaniaa) Russian SFSR While the 1978 Constitution of the RSFSR specified that the autonomous oblasts are subordinated to the krais, this clause was removed in the December 15, 1990, revision, when it was specified that the autonomous oblasts were to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Era
The history of Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union (USSR) reflects a period of change for both Russia and the world. Though the terms "Soviet Russia" and "Soviet Union" often are synonymous in everyday speech (either acknowledging the dominance of Russia over the Soviet Union or referring to Russia during the era of the Soviet Union), when referring to the foundations of the Soviet Union, "Soviet Russia" often specifically refers to brief period between the October Revolution of 1917 and the creation of the Soviet Union in 1922. Before 1922, there were four independent Soviet Republics: the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Byelorussian SSR, and Transcaucasian SFSR. These four became the first Union Republics of the Soviet Union, and was later joined by the Bukharan People's Soviet Republic and Khorezm People's Soviet Republic in 1924. During and immediately after World War II, various Soviet Republics annexed portions of cou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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