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Kołłątaj's Forge
Kołłątaj's Forge ( pl, Kuźnica Kołłątajowska) was a group of social and political activists, publicists and writers from the period of the Great Sejm in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Centered on Hugo Kołłątaj, one of the most prominent thinkers of the Polish Enlightenment, the Forge (''Kuźnica'') activists formed a radical, leftist faction of the reform supporters (the Patriotic Party, an organization that has been called the first Polish political party). They disseminated news and ideas of the French Revolution in Poland. Their pamphlets criticized feudalism and privileges of the nobility. Their name, ''Kołłataj's Forge'', was given to them by their political opponents, and was originally pejorative. Early development Kołłątaj put forward the manifesto of the Forge in a series of anonymous letters to the Marshal of the Sejm, Stanisław Małachowski. These letters were published in 1788–1789 as: ''To Stanisław Małachowski... Several Letters from an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Szlachta
The ''szlachta'' (Polish: endonym, Lithuanian: šlėkta) were the noble estate of the realm in the Kingdom of Poland, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth who, as a class, had the dominating position in the state, exercising extensive political rights and power. Szlachta as a class differed significantly from the feudal nobility of Western Europe. The estate was officially abolished in 1921 by the March Constitution."Szlachta. Szlachta w Polsce" ''Encyklopedia PWN'' The origins of the ''szlachta'' are obscure and the subject of several theories. Traditionally, its members owned land (allods), [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Targowica Confederation
The Targowica Confederation ( pl, konfederacja targowicka, , lt, Targovicos konfederacija) was a Confederation (Poland), confederation established by Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Polish and Lithuanian magnates on 27 April 1792, in Saint Petersburg, with the backing of the Russian Empress Catherine II of Russia, Catherine II. The confederation opposed the Constitution of 3 May 1791 and fought in the Polish–Russian War of 1792, which led to the Second Partition of Poland, Second and Third Partition of Poland, Third Partitions of Poland. History The Targowica confederation opposed the Constitution of 3 May 1791, which had been adopted by the Great Sejm, especially the provisions limiting the privileges of the nobility. The text of the founding act of the confederation was drafted by the Russian general Vasili Stepanovich Popov, Chief of Staff of Prince Grigori Alexandrovich Potemkin. Its purpose was proclaimed in the small town of Targowica and the Potocki's estate (now in H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz
Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz ( , ; 6 February 1758 – 21 May 1841) was a Polish poet, playwright and statesman. He was a leading advocate for the Constitution of 3 May 1791. Early life Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz was born 6 February 1758 in Skoki, near Brest in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Niemcewicz, scion of a moderately well-to-do Polish noble family, graduated from the Warsaw Corps of Cadets (Warsaw), Corps of Cadets. Career After graduating from the Corps of Cadets, he subsequently served as aide to Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski and visited France, England and Italy. Niemcewicz served as a deputy to the Great Sejm of 1788–1792 and was an active member of the Patriotic Party that pushed through adoption of the historic Constitution of 3 May 1791 The Constitution of 3 May 1791,; lt, Gegužės trečiosios konstitucija titled the Governance Act, was a constitution adopted by the Great Sejm ("Four-Year Sejm", meeting in 1788–1792) for the Polish–Lithuanian Commo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jan Śniadecki
Jan Śniadecki (29 August 1756 – 9 November 1830) was a Polish mathematician, philosopher, and astronomer at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries. Life Born in Żnin, Śniadecki studied at Kraków Jagellonian University and in Paris. He was rector of the Imperial University of Vilnius, a member of the Commission of National Education, and director of astronomical observatories at Kraków () and Vilnius. He died at Jašiūnai Manor near Vilnius. Śniadecki published many works, including his observations on recently discovered planetoids. His ''O rachunku losów'' (On the Calculation of Chance, 1817) was a work in probability. He was brother to Jędrzej Śniadecki. Honours The lunar crater '' Sniadecki'' and the main-belt asteroid 1262 Sniadeckia were named in his honour. Works * "Rachunku algebraicznego teoria" (1783) * "Geografia, czyli opisanie matematyczne i fizyczne ziemi" (1804) * "Rozprawa o Koperniku" (''Discourse on Nicolaus Copernicus'', biography, 1802 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Franciszek Zabłocki
Franciszek Zabłocki (2 January 1754, Volhynia – 10 September 1821, Końskowola), is considered the most distinguished Polish comic dramatist and satirist of the Enlightenment period. He descends from an old aristocratic family of Poland with coat of arms Łada. He translated many French comedies, among others those by Molière, but also wrote his own plays concentrating on Polish issues. From 1774, he worked in the Commission for National Education and in 1794, he took part in the Kościuszko Uprising. During the next year he gave up literature and became a priest. Literary career Zabłocki's literary career began with the publication of his work in the Polish literary magazine ' ("Pleasant and Useful Amusements"). The magazine was the first of its kind in Poland, and was launched in the year 1770. During King Stanislaw August's reign, Warsaw was the scene of great literary activity. The King used to host literary figures for dinner every Thursday. Zablocki was a regular in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kazimierz Konopka
Kazimierz Konopka (1769–1805 or 1809) was a Polish Jacobin, secretary of Hugo Kołłątaj, officer in the Polish Legions, aide-de-camp of Jan Henryk Dąbrowski. He gained notoriety for his involvements in the unrest and hangings in Warsaw during the Kościuszko Uprising. Biography Konopka was born in 1769 to a burgher family in Poznań. He studies law in Kraków, where he was a lawyer applicant in the F. Barss legal practice. Member of the Kołłątaj's Forge organization and one of the Polish Jacobins, and secretary to Hugo Kołłątaj; during Kołlataj's period as the Deputy Crown Chancellor (podkanclerz koronny) in 1791, Konopka held the position of the Secretary of the Lesser Seal (sekretarz pieczęci mniejszej). He participated in the Kościuszko Uprising, joining the cavalry. During that period, around May and June 1794, he gained notoriety as one of the leaders of the demonstrations and riots in Warsaw. In particular, he was involved in the "hanging of the traitors ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jan Dembowski (general)
Jan Dembowski (Dębowski) (1770, Dębowa Góra – 1823) was a Polish general (promoted in 1812) and political activist. Military career In 1812 he was appointed to the Army of the Kingdom of Italy and commanded a brigade of, then on the staff of Pino's 15th Division of Eugène de Beauharnais's IV Corps in Russia. He led a brigade of Pino's Division at the Battle of Maloyaroslavets on 24 October. Napoleon's defeat and Russian rule of Poland made it impossible for him to return there. Father of astronomer Ercole Dembowski Ercole (Hercules) Dembowski (12 January 1812 – 19 January 1881) was an Italian astronomer. He was born in Milan. He inherited the title of "Baron" as the son of Jan Dembowski (Dębowski), one of Napoleon's Polish generals. He served in t ..., who lived out his life in Italy. 1770 births 1823 deaths People from Kutno County Clan of Jelita Polish generals Italian commanders of the Napoleonic Wars {{Poland-mil-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tomasz Maruszewski
Tomasz Maruszewski (1769–1834) was a prominent participant in the Kościuszko Uprising. A burgher and Polish Jacobin, he was a member of Kołłątaj's Forge and was ennobled by the Great Sejm in 1790. After pro-reform forces were defeated in the 1792 War in Defense of the Constitution, together with Hugo Kołłątaj he emigrated to Saxony, but in 1793 he returned to Poland. On behalf of Tadeusz Kościuszko he went to Warsaw, where he helped organize the Warsaw Uprising. When the Uprising had succeeded, he was likely responsible for the subsequent execution of Targowica Confederation The Targowica Confederation ( pl, konfederacja targowicka, , lt, Targovicos konfederacija) was a Confederation (Poland), confederation established by Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Polish and Lithuanian magnates on 27 April 1792, in Saint Pe ... members. He left Poland again after the defeat of the Kościuszko Uprising and the Third Partition of Poland (1795). To the end he worked clos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Franciszek Jelski
Franciszek () is a masculine given name of Polish origin (female form Franciszka). It is a cognate of Francis, Francisco, François, and Franz. People with the name include: *Edward Pfeiffer (Franciszek Edward Pfeiffer) (1895–1964), Polish general officer; recipient of the ''Order of Virtuti Militari'' * Franciszek Alter (1889–1945), Polish general officer during WWII * Franciszek and Magdalena Banasiewicz (fl. mid-20th century), Polish couple who hid and rescued 15 Jews during the Holocaust *Franciszek Antoni Kwilecki (1725–1794), Polish nobleman, statesman, and ambassador *Franciszek Armiński (1789–1848), Polish astronomer * Franciszek Bieliński (1683–1766), Polish politician and statesman * Franciszek Blachnicki (1921–1987), Polish man who started The Light-Life Movement (Światło-Zycie) as a Catholic association *Franciszek Błażej (1907–1951), Polish military officer and anticommunist resistance fighter * Franciszek Bohomolec (1720–1784), Polish dramatist, l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antoni Trebicki
Antoni is a Catalan, Polish, and Slovene given name and a surname used in the eastern part of Spain, Poland and Slovenia. As a Catalan given name it is a variant of the male names Anton and Antonio. As a Polish given name it is a variant of the female names Antonia and Antonina. As a Slovene name it is a variant of the male names Anton, Antonij and Antonijo and the female name Antonija. As a surname it is derived from the Antonius root name. It may refer to: Given name * Antoni Brzeżańczyk, Polish football player and manager * Antoni Derezinski, Northern Irish Strongman * Antoni Gaudi, Catalan architect * Antoni Kenar, Polish sculptor * Antoni Lima, Catalan footballer * Antoni Lomnicki, Polish mathematician * Antoni Melchior Fijałkowski, Polish bishop * Antoni Niemczak, Polish long-distance runner * Józef Antoni Poniatowski, Polish prince and Marshal of France * Antoni Porowski, Polish-Canadian chef, actor, and television personality * Antoni Radziwiłł, Polish poli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Józef Meier
Joseph is a common male given name, derived from the Hebrew Yosef (יוֹסֵף). "Joseph" is used, along with "Josef", mostly in English, French and partially German languages. This spelling is also found as a variant in the languages of the modern-day Nordic countries. In Portuguese and Spanish, the name is "José". In Arabic, including in the Quran, the name is spelled ''Yūsuf''. In Persian, the name is "Yousef". The name has enjoyed significant popularity in its many forms in numerous countries, and ''Joseph'' was one of the two names, along with ''Robert'', to have remained in the top 10 boys' names list in the US from 1925 to 1972. It is especially common in contemporary Israel, as either "Yossi" or "Yossef", and in Italy, where the name "Giuseppe" was the most common male name in the 20th century. In the first century CE, Joseph was the second most popular male name for Palestine Jews. In the Book of Genesis Joseph (Genesis), Joseph is Jacob's eleventh son and Rachel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
