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Kozukappara Execution Grounds
The were one of the three sites in the vicinity of Edo (the forerunner of present-day Tokyo, Japan) where the Tokugawa shogunate executed criminals in the Edo period. Alternate romanized spellings are ''Kozukahara'' and ''Kotsukappara''. The site is located in modern Minami Senju, Arakawa, Tokyo, a three-minute walk away from Minami-Senju Station. Located next to Enmeiji Temple, a large part of the grounds are now covered by railway tracks. It is estimated that between 100,000 and 200,000 people were executed here. Those executed include Hashimoto Sanai and Yoshida Shōin, who were executed as a result of the Ansei Purge. Sugita Genpaku, Nakagawa Jun'an, Katsuragawa Hoshū and their colleagues studied anatomy by conducting dissections at Kozukappara. Kozukappara began operation in 1651, and continued until the Meiji period. Executions were stopped in an attempt to convince Western powers to end the unequal treaties with Japan. See also *Capital punishment in Japan Cap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ansei Purge
was a multi-year event in Japanese history of the Edo period between 1858 and 1860, during which the Tokugawa shogunate imprisoned, executed, or exiled those who did not support its authority and foreign trade policies. The purge was undertaken by Ii Naosuke in opposition to Imperial Loyalists. History The Ansei Purge was ordered by Ii Naosuke on behalf of the bakufu faction.Cullen, Louis. (2003). ''A History of Japan, 1582–1941: Internal and External Worlds'', pp. 184–188. He was the Senior Minister during the period preceding the Meiji Restoration and was part of the '' kōbu gattai'', the movement opposed by the Revere the Emperor, Expel the Foreigner (''sonnō jōi'') faction. The purge was carried out in an effort to quell opposition to trade treaties with the United States, Russia, Great Britain, France and the Netherlands, particularly under the U.S. - Japan Treaty of Amity and Commerce. It involved the removal from power all opposition by way of imprisonment, torture o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty Of Amity And Commerce (United States–Japan)
The , also called the Harris Treaty was a treaty signed between the United States and Tokugawa Shogunate, which opened the ports of Kanagawa and four other Japanese cities to trade and granted extraterritoriality to foreigners, among a number of trading stipulations. It was signed on the deck of the in Edo (now Tokyo) Bay on July 29, 1858. Timeline * July 29, 1858: Treaty and Regulations are signed by the United States and Japan * December 15, 1858: Senate reviews the treaty and consents to ratification * March 19, 1859: Ratified by Japan * July 4, 1859: Entered into force * April 12, 1860: Ratified by the President of the United States * May 22-23, 1860: Ratifications exchanged at Washington and proclaimed by the President * June 25, 1866: Amended through convention * July 25, 1878: Modified by convention * July 17, 1899: Superseded by the treaty of November 22, 1894. The Treaty The treaty followed the 1854 Convention of Kanagawa, which granted coaling rights for Amer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Convention Of Kanagawa
The Convention of Kanagawa, also known as the Kanagawa Treaty (, ''Kanagawa Jōyaku'') or the Japan–US Treaty of Peace and Amity (, ''Nichibei Washin Jōyaku''), was a treaty signed between the United States and the Tokugawa Shogunate on March 31, 1854. Signed under threat of force, it effectively meant the end of Japan's 220-year-old policy of national seclusion (''sakoku'') by opening the ports of Shimoda and Hakodate to American vessels. It also ensured the safety of American castaways and established the position of an American consul in Japan. The treaty precipitated the signing of similar treaties establishing diplomatic relations with other Western powers. Isolation of Japan Since the beginning of the 17th century, the Tokugawa Shogunate pursued a policy of isolating the country from outside influences. Foreign trade was maintained only with the Dutch and the Chinese and was conducted exclusively at Nagasaki under a strict government monopoly. This "Pax Tokugawa" perio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meiji Period
The is an era of Japanese history that extended from October 23, 1868 to July 30, 1912. The Meiji era was the first half of the Empire of Japan, when the Japanese people moved from being an isolated feudal society at risk of colonization by Western powers to the new paradigm of a modern, industrialized nation state and emergent great power, influenced by Western scientific, technological, philosophical, political, legal, and aesthetic ideas. As a result of such wholesale adoption of radically different ideas, the changes to Japan were profound, and affected its social structure, internal politics, economy, military, and foreign relations. The period corresponded to the reign of Emperor Meiji. It was preceded by the Keiō era and was succeeded by the Taishō era, upon the accession of Emperor Taishō. The rapid modernization during the Meiji era was not without its opponents, as the rapid changes to society caused many disaffected traditionalists from the former samurai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Katsuragawa Hoshū
was a Japanese physician and scholar of ''rangaku'' (Western studies). 1751 – August 2, 1809 He served the Tokugawa shogunate as a physician and as a translator of Dutch. He was the older brother of author and ''rangaku'' scholar Morishima Chūryō. As the eldest son of the Katsuragawa family, Dutch-style physicians to the shōgun, Hoshū was appointed to that position in 1777. He began teaching at the shogunal school of medicine in 1794. In addition to collaborating with Sugita Genpaku on ''Kaitai Shinsho'', the first Japanese translation of a Western treatise on anatomy, he was the author of ''Hokusa Bunryaku'', one of the earliest Japanese accounts of Russia. He learned surgery with Nakagawa Jun'an from Carl Peter Thunberg when he was in Nagasaki is the capital and the largest Cities of Japan, city of Nagasaki Prefecture on the island of Kyushu in Japan. It became the sole Nanban trade, port used for trade with the Portuguese and Dutch during the 16th throu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nakagawa Jun'an
was a Japanese doctor, botanist, and scholar of '' rangaku'' (Western learning). He was a junior colleague of Sugita Genpaku, with whom he studied and worked in Obama Domain, Wakasa Province, a center for Western medicine in Edo period Japan. Along with Sugita and Maeno Ryōtaku (前野 良沢), Nakagawa prepared '' Kaitai Shinsho'', a translation of the Dutch "New Book of Anatomy." Nakagawa was very active in circles of ''rangaku'' scholars, and is said to have played an important role in the field's progression and advancement. Life Not much is known about Nakagawa's early life, but his grandfather is believed to have also been a ''rangaku'' scholar in Obama. Nakagawa grew up in the Kōjimachi area of Edo (modern-day Tokyo), and studied botany under Tamura Ransui (田村 藍水). He developed a strong interest in Dutch products, science and culture, and visited the Dutch trading post at Dejima, Nagasaki a number of times, where he also studied the Dutch language. Durin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sugita Genpaku
was a Japanese physician and scholar known for his translation of ''Kaitai Shinsho'' (New Book of Anatomy) and a founder of ''Rangaku'' (Western learning) and ''Ranpō'' (Dutch style medicine) in Japan. He was one of the first Japanese scholars in Edo (modern day Tokyo) to study the Dutch language and is credited with being one of the first Japanese physicians to study Western medical teachings in Japan. In 1771 Genpaku and Maeno Ryōtaku, a Japanese scholar studying the Dutch language, translated a Dutch book of anatomy ''Ontleedkundige Tafelen'', originally published in German by physician and professor Johann Adam Kulmus in 1734. Genpaku was inspired to translate the Dutch text after witnessing the dissection of a female criminal while viewing ''Ontleekundige Tafelen'' as an anatomical reference throughout the dissection. He was inspired by the German drawings of human organs, which accurately depicted the organs and vasculature he saw during the dissection. The German drawin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yoshida Shōin
, commonly named , was one of Japan's most distinguished intellectuals in the late years of the Tokugawa shogunate. He devoted himself to nurturing many ''ishin shishi'' who in turn made major contributions to the Meiji Restoration. Early life Born Sugi Toranosuke in Hagi in the Chōshū region of Japan, he was the second son of Sugi Yurinosuke (1804–1865), a modest rank Samurai and his wife Kodama Taki (1807–1890). Yurinosuke had two younger brothers, Yoshida Daisuke and Tamaki Bunnoshin. Sugi Toranosuke's eldest brother was Sugi Umetarō (1828–1910), his four younger sisters were Sugi Yoshiko (later Kodama Yoshiko) (1832–1924), Sugi Hisa (later Odamura Hisa) (1839–1881), Sugi Tsuya (1841–1843), and Sugi Fumi (later Katori Miwako) (1843–1921), his youngest brother was Sugi Toshisaburō (1845–1876). Sugi Toranosuke was later adopted at the age of four by Yoshida Daisuke and was renamed to Yoshida Shōin. The process of adopting younger sons from the Sugi hou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tokyo
Tokyo (; ja, 東京, , ), officially the Tokyo Metropolis ( ja, 東京都, label=none, ), is the capital and largest city of Japan. Formerly known as Edo, its metropolitan area () is the most populous in the world, with an estimated 37.468 million residents ; the city proper has a population of 13.99 million people. Located at the head of Tokyo Bay, the prefecture forms part of the Kantō region on the central coast of Honshu, Japan's largest island. Tokyo serves as Japan's economic center and is the seat of both the Japanese government and the Emperor of Japan. Originally a fishing village named Edo, the city became politically prominent in 1603, when it became the seat of the Tokugawa shogunate. By the mid-18th century, Edo was one of the most populous cities in the world with a population of over one million people. Following the Meiji Restoration of 1868, the imperial capital in Kyoto was moved to Edo, which was renamed "Tokyo" (). Tokyo was devastate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hashimoto Sanai
was a Japanese samurai and loyal supporter of the Emperor during the final days of the Tokugawa regime. Biography Hashimoto was born April 19, 1834 in Echizen Province, Japan. The son of a doctor in the Fukui Clan, he studied medicine in Osaka studied under Dr. Ogata Koan of Rankata Doctor at Tekijuku and Tokyo, where he befriended Saigō Takamori and others. Upon returning to Echizen, he joined the Clan as a '' Shoinban'' and became Deputy Head of the Fukui Domain school. Inviting Yokoi Shōnan as political adviser on behalf of the daimyō Matsudaira Yoshinaga, he became a key figure in the governmental reforms of the clan. Summoned to Edo in 1857 he actively tried to promote, albeit unsuccessfully, Hitotsubashi Yoshinobu to the 14th Shogunate. After Ii Naosuke was appointed Tairō of the Tokugawa shogunate he purged over 100 people in an effort to quiet opposition in what became known as the Ansei Purge. Hashimoto was one of those prosecuted and was executed by decapitati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minami-Senju Station
is a railway station in Arakawa, Tokyo, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East), Tokyo Metro, and the Metropolitan Intercity Railway Company. The stations for each of these lines are located in separate buildings, necessitating crossing a road to reach each station's ticket exchange. Lines Minami-Senju Station is served by the following lines. * JR East: Jōban Line * Tokyo Metro: (H-21) * Metropolitan Intercity Railway Tsukuba Express (TX-04) Station layout JR East One elevated island platform serving two tracks. File:Minamisenju-Sta-JR-Gate.JPG, Jōban Line ticket gates File:Joban platform - Minami-Senju Station Jun 4 2019 10-29AM.jpeg, Jōban Line platforms, 2019 Tokyo Metro Two elevated side platforms serving two tracks. File:Hibiya line - Minamisenju Station ticket gates 2019 April 13.jpeg, Hibiya Line ticket gate, 2019 File:Hibiya Line - Minami Senju Station 1140am 2019 June 16.jpeg, Hibiya Line platforms, 2019 Metropolitan Intercity Railw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
