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Kouroukan Fouga
According to the ''Epic of Sundiata'', Kouroukan Fouga or Kurukan Fuga was the constitution of the Mali Empire created after the Battle of Krina (1235) by an assembly of nobles to create a government for the newly established empire. According to oral tradition of the ''griot'' poets of Mali and Guinea, the Kouroukan Fouga established the federation of Mandinka clans under one government, outlined how it would operate and established the laws by which the people would live. The name ''Kurukan Fuga'' is a toponym, translating to "clearing on granite / lateritic rock", referring to the plain near the town of Ka-ba (present day Kangaba) where the narrative has Sundiata Keita present the charter. The "Manden Charter, proclaimed in Kurukan Fuga", was inscribed in 2009 (4.COM) on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity kept by UNESCO. Reconstruction The earliest extant versions of the ''Epic of Sundiata'' were collected in the 1890s, and the first c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epic Of Sundiata
''Sunjata'' [] (also referred to as ''Sundiata'' or ''Son-Jara'') is an epic poem of the Malinke people that tells the story of the hero Sundiata Keita (died 1255), the founder of the Mali Empire. The epic is an instance of oral tradition, going back to the 13th century and narrated by generations of griot poets or ''jeliw'' (''djeli''). There is no single or authoritative version. Material pertaining to the epic first began to be collected during the early 20th century in French Sudan, notably by the French elite school École William Ponty, resulting in the "modern" version of the tale as considered standard today, as published in "novelistic" form in French translation by Djibril Tamsir Niane in 1960 (English translation 1965). Historical context and significance The amount of historicity of the events portrayed in the epic is open to debate. There are some limited 14th-century Arabic historiographic sources available on the early history and of the Mali Empire, notably ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malinke Language
Maninka (also known as Malinke), or more precisely Eastern Maninka, is the name of several closely related languages and dialects of the southeastern Manding subgroup of the Mande language family. It is the mother tongue of the Malinké people in Guinea, where it is spoken by 3,300,000 people and is the main language in the Upper Guinea region, and in Mali, where the closely related Bambara is a national language, as well as in Liberia, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Ivory Coast, where it has no official status. It was the language of court and government during the Mali Empire. Phonology The Wudala dialect of Eastern Maninka, spoken in the central highlands of Guinea and comprehensible to speakers of all dialects in that country, has the following phonemic inventory.Mamadou Camara (1999) ''Parlons Malinké'' (Apart from tone, which is not written, sounds are given in orthography, as IPA values are not certain.) Tones There are two moraic tones, high and low, which in combinatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caste
Caste is a form of social stratification characterised by endogamy, hereditary transmission of a style of life which often includes an occupation, ritual status in a hierarchy, and customary social interaction and exclusion based on cultural notions of purity and pollution. * Quote: "caste ort., casta=basket ranked groups based on heredity within rigid systems of social stratification, especially those that constitute Hindu India. Some scholars, in fact, deny that true caste systems are found outside India. The caste is a closed group whose members are severely restricted in their choice of occupation and degree of social participation. Marriage outside the caste is prohibited. Social status is determined by the caste of one's birth and may only rarely be transcended." * Quote: "caste, any of the ranked, hereditary, endogamous social groups, often linked with occupation, that together constitute traditional societies in South Asia, particularly among Hindus in India. Althoug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nyamakala
The ''Nyamakala'', or ''Nyamakalaw'', are the historic occupational castes among Islamic societies of West Africa, particularly among the Mandinka people. The ''Nyamakala'' are known as ''Nyaxamalo'' among the Soninke people, and ''Nyenyo'' among the Wolof people. They are found throughout the Sahel region, from Mali and Senegal to Chad and several other parts of the West African region historically known as the "Western Sudan". The term ''Nyamakala'' originally implied any talented people, but as slavery, social differentiation and stratification increased with Islamic religious violence called jihads, and later the colonial rule, their status fell to a lowly level below the nobles and free people. ''Nyama'' in the traditional Mandinka society implies "vital force", while ''Kala'' connotes "handle". Thus, any type of occupation that handled vital force of nature, were a Nyamakala. In its historic contexts, state Charles Bird, Martha Kendall and Kalilou Tera, ''Nyama'' has implied d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sharia
Sharia (; ar, شريعة, sharīʿa ) is a body of religious law that forms a part of the Islamic tradition. It is derived from the religious precepts of Islam and is based on the sacred scriptures of Islam, particularly the Quran and the Hadith. In Arabic, the term ''sharīʿah'' refers to God's immutable divine law and is contrasted with ''fiqh'', which refers to its human scholarly interpretations. In the historical course, fiqh sects have emerged that reflect the preferences of certain societies and state administrations on behalf of people who are interested in the theoretical (method) and practical application (Ahkam / fatwa) studies of laws and rules, but sharia has never been a valid legal system on its own. It has been used together with " customary (Urf) law" since Omar or the Umayyads. It may also be wrong to think that the Sharia, as a religious argument or belief, is entirely within or related to Allah's commands and prohibitions. Several non-graded crimes are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gbara
The Gbara (; now spelled and pronounced as ''Bara'' or ''Gara'' in those Manding languages lacking ) or Great Assembly was the deliberative body of the Mali Empire, which ruled much of West Africa during the Middle Ages. It was first formed in 1235 on the orders of Sundiata in the Mandinka constitution known as the Kouroukan Fouga. Function The Gbara was made up of 32 members from around 29 mostly Mandinka clans. p.2 Members of these clans had aided Sundiata in his overthrow of Soumaoro Kante and were given a voice in the government of a new Manden federation, the Manden Kurufa. The descendants of these clans occupied posts in the Gbara, and checked the power of the federal emperor, the Mansa. It was presided over by a belen-tigui (or master of ceremonies) who rec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Property Rights
The right to property, or the right to own property (cf. ownership) is often classified as a human right for natural persons regarding their possessions. A general recognition of a right to private property is found more rarely and is typically heavily constrained insofar as property is owned by legal persons (i.e. corporations) and where it is used for production rather than consumption. A right to property is recognised in Article 17 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, but it is not recognised in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights or the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. The European Convention on Human Rights, in Protocol 1, article 1, acknowledges a right for natural and legal persons to "peaceful enjoyment of his possessions", subject to the "general interest or to secure the payment of taxes." Definition The right to property is one of the most controversial human rights, both in terms of its existence and inte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tambakounda
Tambacounda ( ar, تامباكوندا; Wolof: Tambaakundaa ) is the largest city in eastern Senegal, southeast of Dakar, and is the regional capital of the province of the same name. Its estimated population in 2007 was 78,800. Geography Tambacounda is situated on the sparsely populated sahélien plains of eastern Senegal. Nearby towns include Madina Maboule, Koukari, Yoro Sankoule, Sambadian, Djidje Kounda, Afia Seno, Saare Boylii and Kanderi Niana. Climate Tambacounda has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen ''Aw''), bordering upon a hot semi-arid climate (''BSh''). Like most of West Africa, the area has two seasons, the rainy season from June to October, characterized by heat, humidity and storms, and the sweltering, rainless dry season from November to May. The average precipitation is . Population and culture Between the censuses of 1988 and 2002, Tambacounda grew from 41,885 to 67,543 inhabitants. In 2007, according to official estimates, the population reached 78,8 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dabola
Dabola (N’ko: ߘߊߓߏߟߊ߫) is a town in central Guinea. As of 2014 it had a population of 38,617 people. It grew around the railway line from Conakry to Kankan and is known for the Tinkisso Falls and for its important dam. Transport While the main line is metre gauge, the branch to Tougué is standard gauge. Mining Development of iron ore deposits was proposed in 1994. This would require upgrading of the understrength line from the port of Conakry or a new heavy duty line to a new port at Matakan.http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/country/2004/gvmyb04.pdf There are also deposits of bauxite. Notable people * Djely Karifa See also * Transport in Guinea * Railway stations in Guinea Railway stations in Guinea include: Maps UNHCR Atlas Map (2004)shows topography. UN mapshows provinces; towns; railways ReliefWeb Map - Topography and RailReliefWeb Map - Population density and Roads - also shows line parameters * Interactive ... References {{coord, 10, 45, 00, N, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kérouané
Kérouané is a town located in southeastern Guinea. It is the capital of Kérouané Prefecture. As of 2014 it had a population of 36,355 people. Mining investment in the region is ongoing, funded through the Tigui Mining Group, owned by Tigui Camara Tigui Camara, also Tiguidanké Camara, is a Guinean model and mining entrepreneur, who is Chief Executive Officer of Tigui Mining Group and a member of the association International Women in Mining. She is one of the youngest mining entrepreneur ..., which specialises in gold and diamond extraction, and has licenses to work on diamond extraction. References Sub-prefectures of the Kankan Region {{Guinea-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dinguiraye
Dinguiraye (N’ko: ߘߌ߲ߞߌߙߊߦߌ߫ ) is a small town in northern Guinea, known for its large mosque which until recently was thatched. As of 2014 it had a population of 47,250 people. History The town and its mosque hold special historical importance; El Hadj Umar Tall founded the Toucouleur Empire The Tidjaniya Caliphate ( ar, الخلافة التجانية; also known as the Tijaniyya Jihad state or the Segu Tukulor or the Toucouleur Empire) (1861–1890) was founded in the mid-nineteenth century by Elhadj Oumar Foutiyou Tall of the To ... in the city and initially made it his capital. Al-Hadj Umar also built the city's large mosque at this time and the city served as a staging ground for his 1850 jihad.Histoire d'Afrique: les enjeux de mémoire, Jean-Pierre Chrétien, Jean-Louis Triaud KARTHALA Editions, 1. jan. 1999, pg.73 Notable people * Saïdou Bokoum (1945-) - writer References Sub-prefectures of the Faranah Region Toucouleur Empire {{Africa-hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Faranah
Faranah (N’ko: ߝߙߊߣߊ߫߫) is a town and sub-prefecture in central Guinea, lying by the River Niger. As of 2014 it had a population of 78,108 people. The town is mainly inhabited by the Malinke people. History Sékou Touré was born in what was then a village, and after becoming president developed it with a mosque, palace and conference centre. It lies immediately south west of the Haut Niger National Park. The town is served by Faranah Airport. Climate Faranah has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen climate classification ''Aw''). Mining Faranah is near major iron ore deposits. Notable residents *Mamadou Barry Mamadou Hady Barry (born 16 May 1986), also known as Hady Barry, is a Guinean-born Indonesian professional footballer who plays as a striker for Liga 2 club Persewar Waropen. Club career Persipal Palu Barry played for Persipal Palu in Indone ... - Olympic Guinean long-distance runner Singer Sayon Camara, artist of Dinuiraye References Re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
