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Kokatha
The Kokatha, also known as the Kokatha Mula, are an Aboriginal Australian people of the state of South Australia. They speak the Kokatha language, close to or a dialect of the Western Desert language. Country Traditional Kokatha lands extend over some according to the estimation of Norman Tindale, stretching over some of the harshest, waterless land on the Australian continent. They include Tarcoola, Kingoonyah, Pimba and the McDouall Peak as well as modern townships of Roxby Downs and Woomera. The lands extend west as far as Ooldea and the Ooldea Range while the northern frontier runs up to the Stuart Range and Lake Phillipson. Their boundary with Barngarla lands is marked by an ecological transition from their plateau to the lower hilly acacia scrubland and salt lake zones running south to the coast. The tribes bordering on Kokatha lands were, running north clockwise, the Pitjantjara, the Yankuntjatjarra, the Antakirinja, the Arabana and Kuyani to their east, the Barngarla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kokatha Language
The Kokatha language, also written Kukatha, Kokata, Gugada, and other variants, and also referred to as Madutara, Maduwonga, Nganitjidi, Wanggamadu, and Yallingarra and variant spellings of these, is an Australian Aboriginal language of the Western Desert group traditionally spoken by the Kokatha people, whose traditional lands are in the western part of the state of South Australia, north of the Wirangu people. Country Kokatha was historically spoken in northern western areas of South Australia. Norman Tindale recorded Kokatha speakers at Tarcoola, Kingoonya, Pimba, and McDouall Peak; west to Ooldea; north to Stuart Range and Lake Phillipson. At the time of first European contact, their lands appeared to centre on Mount Eba, covering surrounding land to Kingoonya, Tarcoola, Coober Pedy and possibly Ooldea. Today, Kokatha people live in Ceduna, Koonibba, Port Augusta, Adelaide and other places around the state. Classification Kokatha is a dialect of the Western Desert ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lake Torrens
Lake Torrens (Kuyani: ''Ngarndamukia'') is a large ephemeral, normally endorheic salt lake in central South Australia. After sufficiently extreme rainfall events, the lake flows out through the Pirie-Torrens corridor to the Spencer Gulf. Islands on the lake include Andamooka Island and Murdie Island, both near the western shore; Trimmer Inlet runs between Andamooka Island and the shore, and Carrapateena Arm is an arm extending westwards south of Murdie Island. Description Lake Torrens lies between the Arcoona Plateau to the west and the Flinders Ranges to the east, about north of Port Augusta and about north of the Adelaide city centre. The lake is approximately above sea level,Barker, McCaskill & Ward, p.173, 1995 with a maximum depth of 1 m. It is located within the boundaries of Lake Torrens National Park. Lake Torrens stretches approximately in length and in average width. It is Australia's second largest lake when filled with water and encompasses an area of . Usu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Woomera, South Australia
Woomera, unofficially Woomera village, refers to the domestic area of RAAF Base Woomera. Woomera village has always been a Defence-owned and operated facility. The village is located on the traditional lands of the Kokatha people in the Far North region of South Australia, but is on Commonwealth-owned land and within the area designated as the 'Woomera Prohibited Area' (WPA). The village is approximately north of Adelaide. In common usage, "Woomera" refers to the wider RAAF Woomera Range Complex (WRC), a large Australian Defence Force aerospace and systems testing range (the 'Woomera Test Range' (WTR)) covering an area of approximately and is operated by the Royal Australian Air Force. Woomera 'village' is part of RAAF Base Woomera which, along with the ''Woomera Test Range'' (WTR), forms the larger entity known as the Woomera Range Complex (WRC), promulgated by Chief of Air Force (CAF) in June 2014. As at the the Woomera Village had a population of 146, and its usual pop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carrapateena
The Carrapateena mine is a large copper mine under development in South Australia's Far North region 100 km southeast of Olympic Dam and approximately 160km north of Port Augusta. Carrapateena represents one of the largest copper reserves in Australia and in the world having estimated reserves of 292 million tonnes of ore grading 1.31% copper and 3.64 million oz of gold. It was discovered by explorer and metallurgist Rudie Gomez in 2005. The project was acquired by OZ Minerals in 2011, and the project was referred to the EPBC Act for Federal environmental approval in 2012. Construction of the decline to access the mine commenced in 2016. The mining technique used to extract the ore is sub-level caving. The Tjati decline was officially opened in November 2016. The company expected that it would take two years to complete excavation of the decline which is long and descends . The mine owners also have a signed agreement with the traditional owners of the land, the Kokatha people. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gawler Ranges
The Gawler Ranges are a range of stoney hills in South Australia to the north of Eyre Peninsula. The Eyre Highway skirts the south of the ranges. The Gawler Ranges National Park is in the ranges north of Kimba, South Australia, Kimba and Wudinna, South Australia, Wudinna. The ranges are covered by the Gawler Ranges Native Title Claim. History The traditional owners of the Gawler Ranges are the Barngarla, Kokatha and Wirangu peoples, who have inhabited the area for at least 30,000 years and are now known collectively as the Gawler Ranges Aboriginal People. These Aboriginal Australians, Aboriginal peoples maintained and used rock holes in the granite rock formations as a water source. The ranges were named by Edward John Eyre after the Governor of South Australia, George Gawler in 1839. This was on one of Eyre's Eyre's 1839 expeditions, earlier expeditions before his famous crossing of the Nullarbor Plain further west. It was on this expedition that Edward John Eyre made the fir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barngarla
The Barngarla, formerly known as Parnkalla and also known as Pangkala, are an Aboriginal people of the Port Lincoln, Whyalla and Port Augusta areas. The Barngarla are the traditional owners of much of Eyre Peninsula, South Australia. Language Barngarla died out in the 1960s. Israeli linguist Professor Ghil'ad Zuckermann contacted the Barngarla community in 2011 proposing to revive it, the project of reclamation being accepted enthusiastically by people of Barngarla descent. Workshops to this end were started in Port Lincoln, Whyalla and Port Augusta in 2012. The reclamation is based on 170-year-old documents. Country In Tindale's estimation, the Barngarla's traditional lands covered some , around the eastern side of Lake Torrens south of Edeowie and west of Hookina and Port Augusta. The western reaches extended as far as Island Lagoon and Yardea. Woorakimba, Hesso, Yudnapinna, and the Gawler Ranges are formed part of Barngarla lands. The southern frontier lay Kimba, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wirangu People
The Wirangu are an Aboriginal Australian people of the Western coastal region of South Australia. Name Daisy Bates stated that the Wirangu ethnonym was composed of two words: ''wira'' (cloud) and ''wonga'' (speech). Language Wirangu is usually classified as genetically related to the Thura-Yura language family. Early ethnographers, such as R. H. Mathews stated that the Barngarla, Nauo and Wirangu peoples were "practically the same people in language and customs". Country In Norman Tindale's estimation, the Wirangu were assigned an original tribal land extending over , embracing the coastal area between Head of Bight, Cape Blanche and Streaky Bay, with an inland extension running north to places like Ooldea, Kokatha, and Kondoolka. Mythology In ancestral times a large mother snake travelled down from the west to ''Juldi'kapi''. From there it was followed by two men (the ''Wati Kutjara'') who wished to kill it. They chased the snake south-east to Pedinga water-hole ('' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roxby Downs, South Australia
Roxby Downs is a town and locality in the Australian state of South Australia about north of the state capital of Adelaide. The town has a highly transient population of around 4,000 people. Roxby Downs has many leisure and community facilities including swimming, cinema, cultural precinct, community radio, shopping centre, schools, TAFE, cafes and sporting clubs and facilities. There are just two neighbouring towns in the area: Andamooka, an opal mining town about 30 km to the east, and Woomera, 84 km south of Roxby Downs. Andamooka people call the town home, and many are of European background since the days of early opal mining. History The town of Roxby Downs was built in 1986-88 within the traditional lands of the Kokatha. The land survey commenced in November 1986 with the aim of servicing the Olympic Dam mine and processing plant located north of the site of the town. Roxby Downs was officially opened on 5 November 1988. The opening was celebrated with a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ngalia (Western Desert)
The Ngalia, or Ngalea, are an Aboriginal Australian people of the Western Desert cultural bloc resident in land extending from Western Australia to the west of South Australia. They are not to be confused with the Ngalia of the Northern Territory. Country The Ngalia's traditional lands are around the salt lake areas, such as the Serpentine Lakes in the Great Victoria Desert, northwest of Ooldea, South Australia, in what is now the Mamungari Conservation Park. Norman Tindale estimated their tribal lands as covering an extension of some . Language The Ngalia language, also known as Ooldean, is a dialect of the Western Desert language. Alternative names * ''Nangga'' ('men' in the sense that they had undergone circumcision) * ''Nanggaranggu'' * ''Nanggarangku'' (Pitjantjatjara exonym An endonym (from Greek: , 'inner' + , 'name'; also known as autonym) is a common, ''native'' name for a geographical place, group of people, individual person, language or dialect, meani ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Traditional Owners
Native title is the designation given to the common law doctrine of Aboriginal title in Australia, which is the recognition by Australian law that Indigenous Australians (both Aboriginal Australian and Torres Strait Islander people) have rights and interests to their land that derive from their traditional laws and customs. The concept recognises that in certain cases there was and is a continued beneficial legal interest in land held by Indigenous peoples which survived the acquisition of radical title to the land by the Crown at the time of sovereignty. Native title can co-exist with non-Aboriginal proprietary rights and in some cases different Aboriginal groups can exercise their native title over the same land. The foundational case for native title in Australia was ''Mabo v Queensland (No 2)'' (1992). One year after the recognition of the legal concept of native title in ''Mabo'', the Keating Government formalised the recognition by legislation with the enactment by the Au ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Port Augusta
Port Augusta is a small city in South Australia. Formerly a port, seaport, it is now a road traffic and Junction (rail), railway junction city mainly located on the east coast of the Spencer Gulf immediately south of the gulf's head and about north of the state capital, Adelaide. The suburb of Port Augusta West, South Australia, Port Augusta West is located on the west side of the gulf on the Eyre Peninsula. Other major industries included, up until the mid-2010s, electricity generation. At June 2018, the estimated urban population was 13,799, Estimated resident population, 30 June 2018. having declined at an average annual rate of -0.53% over the preceding five years. Description The city consists of an urban area extending along the Augusta Highway, Augusta and Eyre Highways from the coastal plain on the west side of the Flinders Ranges in the east across Spencer Gulf to Eyre Peninsula in the west. The urban area consists of the suburbs, from east to west, of Port Augusta an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voiceless Dental And Alveolar Stops
The voiceless alveolar, dental and postalveolar plosives (or stops) are types of consonantal sounds used in almost all spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents voiceless dental, alveolar, and postalveolar plosives is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is t. The voiceless dental plosive can be distinguished with the underbridge diacritic, and the postalveolar with a retraction line, , and the Extensions to the IPA have a double underline diacritic which can be used to explicitly specify an alveolar pronunciation, . The sound is a very common sound cross-linguistically. Most languages have at least a plain , and some distinguish more than one variety. Some languages without a are colloquial Samoan (which also lacks an ), Abau, and Nǁng of South Africa. There are only a few languages which distinguish dental and alveolar stops, Kota, Toda, Venda and many Australian Aboriginal languages being a few of them. Features Here ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
