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Kyrgyz Literature
The history of Kyrgyz literature dates to the early 19th century, from the poems of Moldo Nïyaz to stories written in "Old Kyrgyz". It is an important facet of the culture of Kyrgyzstan. Kyrgyz literature is not only written, but also spoken, and passed down from generation to generation. Much of the literature in Kyrgyzstan is poetry. Notable works and authors Famous works * The ''Epic of Manas'', originally called Манас дастаны * Kojojash, a lesser epic poem * ''The Day Lasts More Than a Hundred Years'' Famous authors * Chinghiz Aitmatov * Kasymaly Jantöshev * Jolon Mamytov, famous for his love poems * Alykul Osmonov * Tugelbay Sydykbekov, the first person to receive the title, Hero of the Kyrgyz Republic * Aaly Tokombaev * Kasym Tynystanov See also * Russian literature * Soviet literature Russian literature refers to the literature of Russia and its émigrés and to Russian-language literature. The roots of Russian literature can be traced to th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moldo Nïyaz
Spanggur Tso, also called Maindong Tso, Mendong Tso, is a saltwater lake in Rutog County in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China, close to the border with Ladakh. India claims a major portion of the lake as its own territory, as part of Ladakh. To the west of the lake lies the Spanggur Gap, a low pass through which the Line of Actual Control runs. To the north is the much larger lake Pangong Tso. Spanggur Tso is at an elevation of 4305 meters, and has an area of 61.6 square kilometres. The lake's average annual temperature is around -4 to -2 ℃, and the annual precipitation is 50 to 75 mm. The western portion of the lake is claimed by India. Name The Tibetan name of the lake is Maindong Tso or Mendong Tso (; ),Ngari Prefecture KNAB Place Name Database, retrieved 27 July 2021. which means "medicine face lake". In Ladakh, it was know ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tugelbay Sydykbekov
Tugelbay Sydykbekov (Kyrgyz language, Kyrgyz: Түгөлбай Сыдыкбеков, Tu̇gȯlbaĭ Sydykbekov) (14 May 1912 – 19 July 1997) was a Kyrgyzstani writer, known as the "patriarch of Kyrgyz literature". He was awarded the honor of Hero of the Kyrgyz Republic in 1997. Biography Sydykbekov was born on 14 May 1912 in Keng-Suu, Tüp, Ken͡g-Suu, in the Issyk-Kul Region. His father died when he was three, and violence forced his family to seek refuge in the mountains when he was four. In 1918, the violence having subsided, his family returned but found their old way of life destroyed; his mother had to take a position with a farmer in Karakol. While they lived in poverty, Sydykbekov was able to get a Soviet education, which would serve him well in his writing career. In the 1920s, before the History of Kyrgyzstan#The Soviet Era: 1917–1991, collectivization of the country, he was able to study veterinary medicine in Bishkek, an extraordinary opportunity for him as the child ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Literature
The history of literature is the historical development of writings in prose or poetry that attempt to provide entertainment, enlightenment, or instruction to the reader/listener/observer, as well as the development of the literary techniques used in the communication of these pieces. Not all writings constitute literature. Some recorded materials, such as compilations of data (e.g., a check register) are not considered literature, and this article relates only to the evolution of the works defined above. Ancient (Bronze Age–5th century) Early literature is derived from stories told in hunter-gatherer bands through oral tradition, including myth and folklore. Storytelling emerged as the human mind evolved to apply causal reasoning and structure events into a narrative and language allowed early humans to share information with one another. Early storytelling provided opportunity to learn about dangers and social norms while also entertaining listeners. Myth can be expanded t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Literature
Russian literature refers to the literature of Russia and its émigrés and to Russian-language literature. The roots of Russian literature can be traced to the Middle Ages, when epics and chronicles in Old East Slavic were composed. By the Age of Enlightenment, literature had grown in importance, and from the early 1830s, Russian literature underwent an astounding golden age in poetry, prose and drama. Romanticism permitted a flowering of poetic talent: Vasily Zhukovsky and later his protégé Alexander Pushkin came to the fore. Prose was flourishing as well. Mikhail Lermontov was one of the most important poets and novelists. The first great Russian novelist was Nikolai Gogol. Then came Ivan Turgenev, who mastered both short stories and novels. Fyodor Dostoevsky and Leo Tolstoy soon became internationally renowned. Other important figures of Russian realism were Ivan Goncharov, Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin and Nikolai Leskov. In the second half of the century Anton Chekhov excel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Literature
Russian literature refers to the literature of Russia and its émigrés and to Russian language, Russian-language literature. The roots of Russian literature can be traced to the Middle Ages, when epics and chronicles in Old East Slavic were composed. By the Age of Enlightenment, literature had grown in importance, and from the early 1830s, Russian literature underwent an astounding golden age in poetry, prose and drama. Romanticism permitted a flowering of poetic talent: Vasily Zhukovsky and later his protégé Alexander Pushkin came to the fore. Prose was flourishing as well. Mikhail Lermontov was one of the most important poets and novelists. The first great Russian novelist was Nikolai Gogol. Then came Ivan Turgenev, who mastered both short stories and novels. Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Fyodor Dostoevsky and Leo Tolstoy soon became internationally renowned. Other important figures of Russian realism were Ivan Goncharov, Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin and Nikolai Leskov. In the second h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kasym Tynystanov
Kasym Tynystanov ( ky, Касым Тыныстанов; 10 September 1901 – 6 November 1938) was a prominent Kyrgyz linguist, politician and poet. Biography Kasym Tynystanov was born in 1901 in the village of Chyrpykty, Semirechye Oblast (now in the Issyk-Kul Region of Kyrgyzstan). According to his autobiography he learned to read and write the Arabic alphabet from his father. He went to school between 1912 and 1916 in Karakol and Sazonovka village (current name: Anan'yevo). Literacy was minimal among Kyrgyz nomads at the beginning of the 20th century—the literacy rate was 2.5% in 1924. In 1916 after an unsuccessful revolt against Tsarist authorities, most of the residents of Issyk-Kul, fleeing Russian troops, escaped to the Republic of China, Kasym and his parents were among them. They returned in December 1917. After a period of unsuccessfully attempting to get education in Karakol, he moved to Almaty, where education opportunities did exist. Through Almaty authoriti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aaly Tokombaev
Aaly Tokombaev ( ky, Аалы Токомбаев; November 7, 1904 – June 19, 1988) was a poet, composer, and a famous novelist who greatly influenced the Kyrgyz nation. In 1927 he graduated from the Middle Asian Community University (presently National University of Uzbekistan, in Tashkent. After graduation, he fully devoted himself to Soviet Kyrgyz literature. In the following years of 1927 through 1940 he began to write a collection of poems. Tokombaev published the collections ''Lenin'' (1927), ''Flowers of Labor'' (1932), and ''Early Poems'' (1934) and the novellas ''The Dnieper Empties into the Deep Sea'' (1939) and ''The Wounded Heart'' (1940). Throughout the Great Patriotic War (1941–1945) he wrote patriotic and narrative poems through which he expressed his opinions, ideas, and beliefs. In his time Kyrgyzstan was the scene of a struggle between tsarism and Soviet rule. He wrote such novels as ''Before the Dawn, Part 1''; ''Bloody Years'' (1935); ''Before the Dawn, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hero Of The Kyrgyz Republic
The title Hero of the Kyrgyz Republic (Kyrgyz: Кыргыз Республикасынын Баатыры) is a state award of the Kyrgyz Republic. It was established on 16 April 1996 by the law "On the establishment of state awards of the Kyrgyz Republic". As of June 2014, 23 people have been awarded the title. Ak-Shumkar Medal Once the title is conferred upon a person, they are presented with the Ak Shumkar Medal and the corresponding certificate. It is worn on the left side of the chest above other orders and medals. The medal is made of gold and is a symmetrical star consisting of eight upper-level beams forming a circle with a diameter of 40 millimeters. The block is presented in the form of a tumar (an ancient Kyrgyz talisman), where a relief drawing of a tynduk is placed on a red field. Recipients * Tugelbay Sydykbekov, the patriarch of Kyrgyz literature – February 4, 1997 * Chingiz Aitmatov, writer and public figure – February 4, 1997 * Turgunbay Sadykov, sculpt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alykul Osmonov
Alykul Osmonov ( ky, Алыкул Осмонов, properly transliterated: Alıqul Osmonov; 21 March 1915 – 12 December 1950) was a Kyrgyz poet, significant for his efforts to modernizing poetry in Kyrgyzstan. His main accomplishments were transforming poetry from an oral to a literary tradition, focusing upon secular themes with an emphasis on inner emotion, daily life, and nationalism, and translating numerous European authors into the Kyrgyz language, including William Shakespeare, Sándor Petőfi, and Alexander Pushkin. Biography Osmonov was born in Kaptal-Aryk in Panfilov District, Kyrgyzstan, about 75 km west of Bishkek. He was orphaned at a young age and was brought up in state care, first in a Bishkek orphanage, then in a Tokmok orphanage. From 1929, Osmonov studied at pedagogical school in Bishkek, but owing to tuberculosis which he had acquired from one of the orphanages, he was forced to leave. Nevertheless, he was able to begin a journalistic career, work ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyzstan,, pronounced or the Kyrgyz Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Asia. Kyrgyzstan is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west, Tajikistan to the south, and the People's Republic of China to the east. Its capital and largest city is Bishkek. Ethnic Kyrgyz make up the majority of the country's seven million people, followed by significant minorities of Uzbeks and Russians. The Kyrgyz language is closely related to other Turkic languages. Kyrgyzstan's history spans a variety of cultures and empires. Although geographically isolated by its highly mountainous terrain, Kyrgyzstan has been at the crossroads of several great civilizations as part of the Silk Road along with other commercial routes. Inhabited by a succession of tribes and clans, Kyrgyzstan has periodically fallen under larger domination. Turkic nomads, who trace their ancestry to many Turkic states. It was first established as the Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate later in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jolon Mamytov
Jolon Mamytov ( ky, Жолон Мамытов} (April 1, 1940 – March 7, 1988) was a famous Kyrgyz aqyn, known especially for his love songs/poems. He was born in the village of Tölöykön in Kara-Suu District, Osh Region, Kirghiz SSR and died in Bishkek. Awards Mamytov received the Soviet Medal "For Labour Valour" in 1973, and in 1981 received the Kyrgyzstan Lenin Komsomol Prize for his poetry collections "Суунун өмүрү" ("The life of water") and "Эр Чилтен", as well as the puppet show he wrote called "Түрк эненин балдары" ("A Turkish mother's children"), and the cartoon screenplay "Olokon". Posthumously, Mamytov was awarded the A. Maldybayev award for the libretto opera "Sepil", as well as the national Toktogul award for his poetry book "Жүз жашка тол, кылым" ("Turn one hundred years old, century"). Publications Mamytov wrote in both Kyrgyz Kyrgyz, Kirghiz or Kyrgyzstani may refer to: * Someone or something related to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kasymaly Jantöshev
Kasymaly Jantöshev (; 15 September 1904 – 13 August 1968) was a Kyrgyz writer and playwright. Jantöshev is regarded as one of the most important Kyrgyz writers, and is considered to be one of the founders of Kyrgyz drama and theatre. Many of his works portray the transformation of Kyrgyz society during the 20th-century, and contain socialist themes. One of Jantöshev's novels, ''Kanybek'', has become part of Kyrgyzstan's cultural heritage, and remains very popular within the country. Early life and education Jantöshev was born into a poor peasant family on 15 September 1904, in either the village of Tengizbay or Tepke, then a part of the Russian Empire. His early experiences consisted of housework and tending to sheep, and he grew up alongside herdsmen and farmers. As a child, Jantöshev's aunt recited many legends and stories, and this inspired Jantöshev's interest in artistic expression. At age 16, Jantöshev learned how to read and write, and he studied at a village ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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