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Krvna Osveta
Krvna osveta ( sr-Cyrl, Крвна освета) ("blood feud") is a law of Feud, vendetta among South Slavic peoples in Montenegro and Herzegovina that has been practiced by Serbs, Bosniaks, and Croats (predominantly from Herzegovina) throughout history. First recorded in medieval times, the feud is typically sparked by an offense such as murder, rape, assault, or similar wrongdoing. Associates or relatives of the victim, whether they are genuinely wronged or simply perceive it that way, are then prompted to fulfill the social obligation of avenging the victim. The revenge was seen as a way of maintaining one's honor, which was one of the most important aspects of traditional South Slavic culture. Origins Among ethnic Albanians, particularly in Northern Albania and Kosovo, blood feuds are part of a centuries-old tradition. The rules associated with the feuding date back to the Kanun of Lek Dukagjin (also known as the Kanun or Code), which are a set of customary laws that trace ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blood Feud
A feud , also known in more extreme cases as a blood feud, vendetta, faida, clan war, gang war, private war, or mob war, is a long-running argument or fight, often between social groups of people, especially family, families or clans. Feuds begin because one party perceives itself to have been attacked, insulted, injured, or otherwise wronged by another. Intense feelings of resentment trigger an initial Retributive justice, retribution, which causes the other party to feel greatly aggrieved and revenge, vengeful. The dispute is subsequently fueled by a long-running cycle of retaliatory violence. This continual cycle of provocation and retaliation usually makes it extremely difficult to end the feud peacefully. Feuds can persist for generations and may result in extreme acts of violence. They can be interpreted as an extreme outgrowth of social relations based in family honor. A mob war is a time when two or more rival families begin open warfare with one another, destroying each ot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serdar (Ottoman Rank)
Serdar (; from " Sardar") was a military rank in the Ottoman Empire and a noble rank in Montenegro and Serbia. Serdars often served on the borders of the Ottoman Empire. The term is often translated as 'commander' in English texts and originally comes from the Persian language. The title Serdar was also used in the Principality of Montenegro and the Principality of Serbia as an honorary non-noble title below that of '' vojvoda.'' Janko Vukotić, the former prime minister of Montenegro, held the title of serdar''.'' Uses * Serdar is a popular male name in Turkey. * Serdar is a popular male name in Turkmenistan. * Serdar-ı Ekrem or ( Serdar-ı Azam) means the commander-in-chief with the highest rank, and thus, it sometimes refers to the Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire. * Serdar is also used as a noun (especially to give a nostalgic feeling) with its original meaning (i.e. commander-in-chief) in Turkish. For example, "Ordunun serdarı yiğit savaşçılarına saldırı emrini ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Culture Of Montenegro
The culture of Montenegro is as pluralistic and diverse as its history and geographical position would suggest. Montenegro's culture has been influenced by the Serbian Empire, the Byzantine Empire, ancient Greece, ancient Rome, Christianity, the Ottoman Empire, the Republic of Venice, Austria-Hungary, and Yugoslavia. Traditions and customs The Slava is exclusive custom of the Serbian Orthodox Church believers, each family has one patron saint that they venerate on their feast day. The Serbian Orthodox Church uses the traditional Julian calendar, as per which Christmas Day (December 25) falls currently on January 7 of the Gregorian calendar, thus the Serbs celebrate Christmas on January 7, shared with the Orthodox churches of Jerusalem, Russia, Georgia and the Greek Old Calendarists. Values and norms A Montenegrin tradition made into law in Montenegro by King Nikola during his reign, consisting of newly-weds planting an olive tree on their wedding day as a symbol of m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Feuds
A feud , also known in more extreme cases as a blood feud, vendetta, faida, clan war, gang war, private war, or mob war, is a long-running argument or fight, often between social groups of people, especially families or clans. Feuds begin because one party perceives itself to have been attacked, insulted, injured, or otherwise wronged by another. Intense feelings of resentment trigger an initial retribution, which causes the other party to feel greatly aggrieved and vengeful. The dispute is subsequently fueled by a long-running cycle of retaliatory violence. This continual cycle of provocation and retaliation usually makes it extremely difficult to end the feud peacefully. Feuds can persist for generations and may result in extreme acts of violence. They can be interpreted as an extreme outgrowth of social relations based in family honor. A mob war is a time when two or more rival families begin open warfare with one another, destroying each other's businesses and assassinating f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crime In Montenegro
Crime in Montenegro is combated by the Montenegro Police and other agencies. Crime by type Murder In 2012, Montenegro had a murder rate of 2.7 per 100,000 population. There were a total of 17 murders in Montenegro in 2012. Organised crime The Montenegrin Mafia or Montenegrin Cartel are terms used for the various criminal organizations based in Montenegro or composed of Montenegrins. There are 700 documented organized criminals operating within Montenegro; outside of the country Montenegrin gangs are active throughout Europe-notably Serbia and Slovenia. The gangs tend to specialize in cigarette smuggling, narcotics and arms trafficking. Human trafficking Montenegro is a transit, source, and destination country for men, women, and girls who are subjected to trafficking in persons, specifically conditions of forced prostitution and forced labor. Trafficking victims are mostly females from Ukraine, Moldova, Serbia, Albania, and Kosovo, who migrate or are smuggled throug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crime Of Passion (other)
A crime of passion refers to violence, especially murder, that the perpetrator commits because of sudden strong impulse. Crime of passion or crimes of passion may also refer to: Film and television * ''Crime of Passion'' (1957 film), directed by Gerd Oswald * ''Crimes of Passion'' (1984 film), directed by Ken Russell * ''Crimes of Passion'' (2013 film), directed by Gao Qunshu * ''Crimes of Passion'' (TV series), a Swedish television series * ''Crimenes de Lujuria'' (''Crimes of Passion''), a 2011 Mexican direct-to-video film featuring Alejandra Ambrosi * ''Love Crime'', directed by Alain Corneau Literature * ''A Crime of Passion'', a novel by Mary Higgins Clark * ''Crimes of Passion'', a play by Joe Orton * ''Crime of Passion'', a character play by Jérôme Pradon * ''Crime Passionel'', also known as ''Dirty Hands'', a 1948 play by Jean-Paul Sartre Art * ''Crime passionnel'', oil painting by Nils von Dardel Music * ''Crimes of Passion'' (Pat Benatar album), 198 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Honour Killing
An honor killing (American English), ''honour killing'' (Commonwealth English), or ''shame killing'' is a type of murder in which a person, usually a woman or girl, is killed by or at the behest of male members of their family or their male partner. As a form of femicide, it is caused by culturally sanctioned beliefs that homicides or femicides are necessary as retribution for the perceived dishonoring of the family by the victim. The murders are condemned by international conventions and human rights organizations, while various communities often justify and encourage honor killings. In cases where the victim is an outsider, not murdering this individual would, in some regions, cause family members to be accused of cowardice or a "moral defect", and subsequently be stigmatized in their community. In cases when the victim is a family member, the murder evolves from the murderers' perception that the victim has brought shame or dishonor upon the entire family, which could le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eye For An Eye
"An eye for an eye" (, ) is a commandment found in the Book of Exodus 21:23–27 expressing the principle of reciprocal justice measure for measure. The earliest known use of the principle appears in the Code of Hammurabi, which predates the writing of the Hebrew Bible but not necessarily oral traditions. The law of exact retaliation (), or reciprocal justice, bears the same principle that a person who has injured another person is to be penalized to a similar degree by the injured party. In softer interpretations, it means the victim receives the estimated value of the injury in compensation. The intent behind the principle was to ''restrict'' compensation to the value of the loss. Definition and methods The term ''lex talionis'' does not always refer to literal eye-for-an-eye codes of justice (see mirror punishment), but rather applies to the broader class of legal systems that formulate penalties for specific crimes, which are thought to be fitting in their severity. Some p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sippenhaft
''Sippenhaft'' or ''Sippenhaftung'' (, ''kin liability'') is a German term for the idea that a family or clan shares the responsibility for a crime or act committed by one of its members, justifying collective punishment. As a legal principle, it was derived from Germanic law in the Middle Ages, usually in the form of fines and compensations. It was adopted by Nazi Germany to justify the punishment of kin (relatives, spouse) for the offence of a family member. Punishment often involved imprisonment and execution, and was applied to relatives of the conspirators of 20 July plot, the failed 1944 bomb plot to assassinate Hitler. Origins Prior to the adoption of Roman law and Christianity, ''Sippenhaft'' was a common legal principle among Germanic peoples, including Anglo-Saxons and Scandinavians. Germanic laws distinguished between two forms of justice for severe crimes such as murder: blood revenge, or extrajudicial killing; and Blood money (restitution), blood money, pecuniary res ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blood Feud
A feud , also known in more extreme cases as a blood feud, vendetta, faida, clan war, gang war, private war, or mob war, is a long-running argument or fight, often between social groups of people, especially family, families or clans. Feuds begin because one party perceives itself to have been attacked, insulted, injured, or otherwise wronged by another. Intense feelings of resentment trigger an initial Retributive justice, retribution, which causes the other party to feel greatly aggrieved and revenge, vengeful. The dispute is subsequently fueled by a long-running cycle of retaliatory violence. This continual cycle of provocation and retaliation usually makes it extremely difficult to end the feud peacefully. Feuds can persist for generations and may result in extreme acts of violence. They can be interpreted as an extreme outgrowth of social relations based in family honor. A mob war is a time when two or more rival families begin open warfare with one another, destroying each ot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gjakmarrja
In traditional Albanian culture, ( English: "blood-taking", i.e. "blood feud") or ("revenge") is the social obligation to kill an offender or a member of their family in order to salvage one's honor. This practice is generally seen as in line with the social code known as the Canon of Lekë Dukagjini () or simply the '' Kanun'' (consisting of 12 books and 1,262 articles). The code was originally a "a non-religious code that was used by Muslims and Christians alike." Protecting one's honor is an essential component to Albanian culture because it is the core of social respectability. Honor is held in very high regard because it carries over generations. Legacies and history are carried in the family names of Albanians and must be held in high priority, even at the cost of one's life. Therefore, when a personal attack of a formidable magnitude is unleashed on a member of any family, an equal punishment is to be expected by the laws of the Kanun. Some of the actions that initiate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bjelopavlići (clan)
Bjelopavlići ( cyrl, Бјелопавлићи, ; ) is a historical tribe (pleme) of Albanian origin and a valley in the region of the Brda, in Montenegro, around the city of Danilovgrad. Geography The ''Bjelopavlići'' valley (also known as the Zeta river valley) is a strip of fertile lowland stretching along the Zeta river, being wider in the river's lower end, down to the confluence with Morača river near Podgorica. The valley has historically been densely populated, as fertile lowlands are rare in mountainous Montenegro, and it provided a corridor for road and rail connection between the two biggest Montenegrin cities, Podgorica and Nikšić. The largest settlement in the plain is the town of Danilovgrad which got name by Prince (Knjaz) Danilo Petrović. Confusingly, the other significant plain in Montenegro, Zeta plain has been named after Zeta river, although Zeta river itself does not flow through it. Name The name derives from the semi-mythical progenitor of the trib ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
