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Kritosaurus Australis
''Huallasaurus'' (meaning "duck lizard") is an extinct genus of saurolophine hadrosaur from the Late Cretaceous Los Alamitos Formation of Patagonia in Argentina. The type and only species is ''H. australis''. Originally named as a species of ''Kritosaurus'' in 1984, it was long considered a synonym of ''Secernosaurus'' before being recognized as its own distinct genus in a 2022 study, different from other members of Kritosaurini. Etymology The generic name, "''Huallasaurus''," combines "hualla," the Mapudungun word for "duck," and the Greek "sauros," meaning "lizard." The specific name, "''australis''," is derived from the Latin "australis," meaning "southern," after the discovery of the holotype specimen in southern Argentina. Phylogeny Depicted below is a reproduction of the phylogenetic tree produced by Rozadilla ''et al''. (2022), including ''Huallasaurus'' and '' Kelumapusaura'', which was described in the same study. Paleoecology ''Huallasaurus'' is known from the La ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Late Cretaceous
The Late Cretaceous (100.5–66 Ma) is the younger of two epochs into which the Cretaceous Period is divided in the geologic time scale. Rock strata from this epoch form the Upper Cretaceous Series. The Cretaceous is named after ''creta'', the Latin word for the white limestone known as chalk. The chalk of northern France and the white cliffs of south-eastern England date from the Cretaceous Period. Climate During the Late Cretaceous, the climate was warmer than present, although throughout the period a cooling trend is evident. The tropics became restricted to equatorial regions and northern latitudes experienced markedly more seasonal climatic conditions. Geography Due to plate tectonics, the Americas were gradually moving westward, causing the Atlantic Ocean to expand. The Western Interior Seaway divided North America into eastern and western halves; Appalachia and Laramidia. India maintained a northward course towards Asia. In the Southern Hemisphere, Australia and Ant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mapuche Language
Mapuche (, Mapuche & Spanish: , or Mapudungun; from ' 'land' and ' 'speak, speech') is an Araucanian language related to Huilliche spoken in south-central Chile and west-central Argentina by the Mapuche people (from ''mapu'' 'land' and ''che'' 'people'). It is also spelled Mapuzugun and Mapudungu. It was formerly known as Araucanian, the name given to the Mapuche by the Spaniards; the Mapuche avoid it as a remnant of Spanish colonialism. Mapudungun is not an official language of the countries Chile and Argentina, receiving virtually no government support throughout its history. However, since 2013, Mapuche, along with Spanish, has been granted the status of an official language by the local government of Galvarino, one of the many Communes of Chile. It is not used as a language of instruction in either country's educational system despite the Chilean government's commitment to provide full access to education in Mapuche areas in southern Chile. There is an ongoing political ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gryposaurus
''Gryposaurus'' (meaning "hooked-nosed (Ancient Greek, Greek ''grypos'') lizard"; sometimes incorrectly translated as "griffin (Latin ''gryphus'') lizard") was a genus of hadrosaur, duckbilled dinosaur that lived about 80 to 75 million years ago, in the Late Cretaceous (late Santonian to late Campanian faunal stage, stages) of North America. Named species of ''Gryposaurus'' are known from the Dinosaur Park Formation in Alberta, Canada, and two formations in the United States: the Lower Two Medicine Formation in Montana and the Kaiparowits Formation of Utah. A possible additional species from the Javelina Formation in Texas may extend the temporal range of the genus to 66 million years ago. ''Gryposaurus'' is similar to ''Kritosaurus'', and for many years the two were thought to be synonyms. It is known from numerous skulls, some skeletons, and even some skin impressions that show it to have had pyramidal scales projecting along the midline of the back. It is most easily distin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bonapartesaurus
''Bonapartesaurus'' (meaning "Bonaparte's lizard", named after José Bonaparte) is an extinct genus of herbivorous ornithopod dinosaur belonging to Hadrosauridae, which lived in the area of modern Argentina during the Campanian and Maastrichtian stages of the Late Cretaceous. Discovery and naming The remains were excavated by the Argentine paleontologist Jaime Powell and collaborators in 1984 and described by him in 1987, where he identified the dinosaur remains as a possible "indeterminate lambeosaurine", comparing it mainly with the genera ''Hypacrosaurus'' and ''Barsboldia'' due to great size of the neural spines. In 2010, Rubén D. Juárez Valieri and his team erected a new genus and hadrosaurid species called '' Willinakaqe salitralensis'' from different materials found in 2 different locations (Salitral Moreno and Islas Malvinas) of the Allen Formation, which are mostly housed in the collection of the Carlos Ameghino Provincial Museum, where the specimen was examined by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brachylophosaurus
''Brachylophosaurus'' ( or ; meaning "short-crested lizard", Greek ''brachys'' = short + ''lophos'' = crest + ''sauros'' = lizard, referring to its small crest) was a mid-sized member of the hadrosaurid family of dinosaurs. It is known from several skeletons and bonebed material from the Judith River Formation of Montana, the Wahweap Formation of Utah and the Oldman Formation of Alberta, living about 81-76.7 million years ago. Discovery and later finds ''Brachylophosaurus'' was first named and described by Charles Mortram Sternberg in 1953 for a skull and partial skeleton, holotype NMC 8893, which he had found in 1936 near Steveville in Alberta, and which was at first thought to belong to ''Gryposaurus'' (or ''Kritosaurus'' as it was known at the time). The type species is ''Brachylophosaurus canadensis''. The generic name is derived from Greek βραχύς, ''brachys'', "short", and λόφος, ''lophos'', "crest of a helmet". The specific name refers to the provenanc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Probrachylophosaurus
''Probrachylophosaurus bergei'' is a species of large herbivorous brachylophosaurin hadrosaurid dinosaur known from the Late Cretaceous Campanian Judith River Formation, of Montana and the Foremost Formation of Alberta. The significance of this particular hadrosaur taxon is that it is a transitional species between the genera ''Acristavus'' and ''Brachylophosaurus'' evolving from a crestless ancestor (the former genus) to its crested descendant (the latter genus) while changing the morphology of its nasal bones. Discovery and naming In 1981 and 1994, Mark Goodwin of the University of California Museum of Paleontology excavated limb bones and a vertebra near Rudyard in the north of Montana, at a site originally discovered by Kyoko Kishi. After a school class found some more bones, in 2007 and 2008 a team of the Museum of the Rockies secured the remainder of a hadrosaur skeleton, among which the skull. The fossil was donated to the Museum of the Rockies by land owners Nolan and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maiasaura
''Maiasaura'' (from the Greek ''μαῖα'', meaning "good mother" and ''σαύρα'', the feminine form of ''saurus'', meaning "reptile") is a large herbivorous saurolophine hadrosaurid ("duck-billed") dinosaur genus that lived in the area currently covered by the state of Montana and the province of Alberta, Canada in the Upper Cretaceous Period (mid to late Campanian), about 76.7 million years ago.Horner, J. R., Schmitt, J. G., Jackson, F., & Hanna, R. (2001). Bones and rocks of the Upper Cretaceous Two Medicine-Judith River clastic wedge complex, Montana. In Field trip guidebook, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 61st Annual Meeting: Mesozoic and Cenozoic Paleontology in the Western Plains and Rocky Mountains. Museum of the Rockies Occasional Paper (Vol. 3, pp. 3-14). The first remains of ''Maiasaura'' were discovered in 1978 by Bynum, Montana resident Laurie Trexler. The genus was named in 1979. The name refers to the find of nests with eggs, embryos and young animals, in a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wulagasaurus
''Wulagasaurus'' (meaning "Wulaga lizard", in reference to the discovery locality) is a genus of saurolophine hadrosaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Heilongjiang, China. Its remains were found in a bonebed in the middle Maastrichtian-age Yuliangze Formation, dated to 69 million years ago.Godefroit, P., Lauters, P., Van Itterbeeck, J., Bolotsky, Y. and Bolotsky, I.Y. (2011). "Recent advances on study of hadrosaurid dinosaurs in Heilongjiang (Amur) River area between China and Russia." ''Global Geology'', 2011(3). This bonebed is otherwise dominated by fossils of the lambeosaurine hadrosaurid (hollow-crested duckbill) '' Sahaliyania''. ''Wulagasaurus'' was named by Pascal Godefroit and colleagues in 2008. Only partial remains are known at this time. It is one of several hadrosaurids from the Amur River region named since 2000. The type and only species to date is ''W. dongi'', named in honor of Chinese paleontologist Dong Zhiming. In 2010 Gregory S. Paul estimated its s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acristavus
''Acristavus'' (meaning "non-crested grandfather") is a genus of saurolophine dinosaur. Fossils have been found from the Campanian Two Medicine Formation in Montana and Wahweap Formation in Utah, United States. The type species ''A. gagslarsoni'' was named in 2011. Unlike nearly all hadrosaurids except ''Edmontosaurus'', ''Acristavus'' lacked ornamentation on its skull. The discovery of ''Acristavus'' is paleontologically significant because it supports the position that the ancestor of all hadrosaurids did not possess cranial ornamentation, and that ornamentation was an adaptation that later arose interdependently in the subfamilies Saurolophinae and Lambeosaurinae. It is closely related to '' Brachylophosaurus'' and '' Maiasaura'', and was assigned to a new clade called Brachylophosaurini. Discovery and occurrence left, Skull The holotype specimen of ''Acristavus'', MOR 1155, was recovered at the Two Medicine Formation, in Teton County, Montana. The specimen was collect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yamatosaurus
''Yamatosaurus'' (meaning "Yamato reptile") is a genus of basal hadrosaurid from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)-aged Kita-Ama Formation of Awaji Island, Japan. The genus contains a single species, ''Yamatosaurus izanagii''. Discovery and naming The holotype MNHAH D1-033516, consisting of part of the right lower jaw, twelve teeth, four cervical vertebrae, three cervical ribs, a partial right coracoid and a posterior caudal vertebra, was discovered on Awaji Island in Japan in May 2004 by Shingo Kishimoto. In 2005, the find was reported in the scientific literature.Suzuki, D., Saegusa, H. & Furutani, H. 2005. "Newly found hadrosaur fossil co-producing broadleaf fossils from Sumoto, west central Japan". ''Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology'' 25: 120A Kishimoto in 2013 donated the holotype to Japan's Museum of Nature and Human Activities in the Hyogo Prefecture, where the fossils were prepared by Kazumi Wada, Tomomi Ikeda and Chisato Ota to be described in 2021. The species ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hadrosaurus
''Hadrosaurus'' (; ) is a genus of hadrosaurid ornithopod dinosaurs that lived in North America during the Late Cretaceous Period in what is now the Woodbury Formation about 80 million to 78 million years ago. The holotype specimen was found in fluvial marine sedimentation, meaning that the corpse of the animal was transported by a river and washed out to sea. They were large animals ranging from and . Most of the preserved elements are very robust, unusual traits in hadrosaurs. ''Hadrosaurus'' were ponderously-built animals equipped with keratinous beaks for cropping foliage and a specialized and complex dentition for food processing. ''Hadrosaurus foulkii'', the only species in this genus, is known from a single specimen consisting of much of the skeleton and parts of the skull. The specimen was collected in 1858 from the Woodbury Formation in New Jersey, US, representing the first dinosaur species known from more than isolated teeth to be identified in North America. Using r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kelumapusaura
''Kelumapusaura'' (meaning "red earth lizard") is a genus of saurolophine hadrosaur from the Late Cretaceous Allen Formation in what is now Patagonia in Argentina. The type and only species is ''K. machi'', known from a bonebed of various individuals. Etymology The generic name, "''Kelumapusaura''," combines "kelumapu," the Mapudungun word for "red earth," and the feminine form of the Greek "sauros," meaning "lizard." The specific name, "''machi''," is derived from a word from the Mapuche people for "shaman." Description The describing authors estimate that ''Kelumapusaura'' would have been long. Phylogeny Depicted below is a reproduction of the phylogenetic tree produced by Rozadilla ''et al''. (2022), including ''Kelumapusaura'' and ''Huallasaurus'', which was described in the same study. Paleoecology ''Kelumapusaura'' is known from the Late Cretaceous Allen Formation of Río Negro Province, Argentina. Many other dinosaurs, including titanosaurs, hadrosaurids, abelisaurids ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
