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Krasnoyarsk-26
Zheleznogorsk (russian: Железного́рск), is a closed town in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, with a developed nuclear industry. The town has a population of History The town was formerly known as Krasnoyarsk-26 (). It was established in 1950 for the production of weapons-grade plutonium.World Data Centers in RussiaInformation about the Krasnoyarsk Mining and Chemical Combine The history of the town and the associated defense complex are intertwined. In 1959, the Government created the Eastern office of OKB-1 (later known as NPO PM) under the supervision of M. F. Reshetnev. Defense plants included nuclear facilities built within caverns excavated in the granite mountain on the northern edge of the city, as well as space research enterprises.''Atom Town'', edited by Vladimir Medvedev, "Bear" Company, Zheleznogorsk. It was a secret town in the Soviet Union until President Boris Yeltsin decreed in 1992 that such places could use their historical names. Before then, the tow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Closed City
A closed city or closed town is a settlement where travel or residency restrictions are applied so that specific authorization is required to visit or remain overnight. Such places may be sensitive military establishments or secret research installations that require much more space or internal freedom than is available in a conventional military base. There may also be a wider variety of permanent residents, including close family members of workers or trusted traders who are not directly connected with clandestine purposes. Many closed cities existed in the Soviet Union from the mid 1940s until its dissolution in 1991. After 1991, a number of them still existed in the CIS countries, especially in Russia. In modern Russia, such places are officially known as "closed administrative-territorial formations" (, ''zakrytye administrativno-territorial'nye obrazovaniya'', or ''ZATO'' for short). Structure and operations Sometimes closed cities may only be represented on classifi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Closed Cities
A closed city or closed town is a settlement where travel or residency restrictions are applied so that specific authorization is required to visit or remain overnight. Such places may be sensitive military establishments or secret research installations that require much more space or internal freedom than is available in a conventional military base. There may also be a wider variety of permanent residents, including close family members of workers or trusted traders who are not directly connected with clandestine purposes. Many closed cities existed in the Soviet Union from the mid 1940s until its dissolution in 1991. After 1991, a number of them still existed in the CIS countries, especially in Russia. In modern Russia, such places are officially known as "closed administrative-territorial formations" (, ''zakrytye administrativno-territorial'nye obrazovaniya'', or ''ZATO'' for short). Structure and operations Sometimes closed cities may only be represented on classifi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Closed City
A closed city or closed town is a settlement where travel or residency restrictions are applied so that specific authorization is required to visit or remain overnight. Such places may be sensitive military establishments or secret research installations that require much more space or internal freedom than is available in a conventional military base. There may also be a wider variety of permanent residents, including close family members of workers or trusted traders who are not directly connected with clandestine purposes. Many closed cities existed in the Soviet Union from the mid 1940s until its dissolution in 1991. After 1991, a number of them still existed in the CIS countries, especially in Russia. In modern Russia, such places are officially known as "closed administrative-territorial formations" (, ''zakrytye administrativno-territorial'nye obrazovaniya'', or ''ZATO'' for short). Structure and operations Sometimes closed cities may only be represented on classifi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Podgorny, Zheleznogorsk, Krasnoyarsk Krai
Podgorny (russian: Подго́рный) is an urban locality (an ''urban-type settlement'') under the administrative jurisdiction of the closed town of Zheleznogorsk in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. Population: It is located 30 km northeast of Krasnoyarsk and 5 km east of Sosnovoborsk on the right bank of the Yenisei River. The territory of the village is 7 square meters. km. Podgorny is a part of Krasnoyarsk metro area. History In the spring of 1953, the construction of a special facility began by military personnel (the so-called "aviators"). A road from the highway was laid 5 km from Krasnoyarsk-26 near the villages of Novy Put and Belorussovka. On the site of the fourth district, it was supposed to build a hangar storage for aerial bombs and shells in the mountain; mailbox 70 was the customer for the construction. In 1954, the construction of residential quarters of the village began. In January 1955, the area was surrounded by barbed wire. The 4th industri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nuclear Weapons Program Of The Soviet Union
The Soviet atomic bomb project was the classified research and development program that was authorized by Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union to develop nuclear weapons during and after World War II. Although the Soviet scientific community discussed the possibility of an atomic bomb throughout the 1930s, going as far as making a concrete proposal to develop such a weapon in 1940, the full-scale program was not initiated and prioritized until Operation Barbarossa. Because of the conspicuous silence of the scientific publications on the subject of nuclear fission by German, American, and British scientists, Russian physicist Georgy Flyorov suspected that the Allied powers had secretly been developing a "superweapon" since 1939. Flyorov wrote a letter to Stalin urging him to start this program in 1942. Initial efforts were slowed due to the German invasion of the Soviet Union and remained largely composed of the intelligence gathering from the Soviet spy rings working in the U. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reshetnev Information Satellite Systems
JSC Information Satellite Systems Reshetnev (russian: Информационные спутниковые системы имени академика М. Ф. Решетнёва, Informatsionnye sputnikovye systemy imeny akademika M. F. Reshetnyova) is a Russian satellite manufacturing company. It is based in the closed city of Krasnoyarsk-26 (today called Zheleznogorsk), Krasnoyarsk Krai near the city of Krasnoyarsk. The company was formerly called NPO PM (short for NPO Prikladnoi Mekhaniki or Applied Mechanics Science-Production Association; NPO stands for Nauchno-proizvodstvennoye obyedineniye, Scientific Production Association). History The company was founded in 1959 by as the Eastern office of OKB-1. During its history, it has built 27 different space systems and over a thousand individual satellites. In particular, the company was responsible for designing the GLONASS satellite navigation system. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the company lost most of its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NPO PM
JSC Information Satellite Systems Reshetnev (russian: Информационные спутниковые системы имени академика М. Ф. Решетнёва, Informatsionnye sputnikovye systemy imeny akademika M. F. Reshetnyova) is a Russian satellite manufacturing company. It is based in the closed city of Krasnoyarsk-26 (today called Zheleznogorsk), Krasnoyarsk Krai near the city of Krasnoyarsk. The company was formerly called NPO PM (short for NPO Prikladnoi Mekhaniki or Applied Mechanics Science-Production Association; NPO stands for Nauchno-proizvodstvennoye obyedineniye, Scientific Production Association). History The company was founded in 1959 by as the Eastern office of OKB-1 PAO S. P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia (russian: Ракетно-космическая корпорация «Энергия» им. С. П. Королёва, Raketno-kosmicheskaya korporatsiya "Energiya" im. S. P. Korolyov .... During its histor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Information Satellite Systems Reshetnev
JSC Information Satellite Systems Reshetnev (russian: Информационные спутниковые системы имени академика М. Ф. Решетнёва, Informatsionnye sputnikovye systemy imeny akademika M. F. Reshetnyova) is a Russian satellite manufacturing company. It is based in the closed city of Krasnoyarsk-26 (today called Zheleznogorsk, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Zheleznogorsk), Krasnoyarsk Krai near the city of Krasnoyarsk. The company was formerly called NPO PM (short for NPO Prikladnoi Mekhaniki or Applied Mechanics Science-Production Association; NPO stands for Nauchno-proizvodstvennoye obyedineniye, Scientific Production Association). History The company was founded in 1959 by as the Eastern office of Energia (corporation), OKB-1. During its history, it has built 27 different space systems and over a thousand individual satellites. In particular, the company was responsible for designing the GLONASS satellite navigation system. After the dissoluti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mining And Chemical Combine
The Mining and Chemical Combine was established in 1950 to produce plutonium for weapons. It is in the closed city Zheleznogorsk, Krasnoyarsk Krai. The company is currently part of the Rosatom group. The site had three underground nuclear reactors using cooling water from the Yenisei river: AD (1958), ADE-1 (1961) and ADE-2 (1965). ADE-2 was shutdown in 2010 in accord with the 1997 Plutonium Production Reactor Agreement with the United States. It also provided heat and electricity for the area, which was its main function after 1993. The complex has an interim storage facility. There is also a 60 t/year commercial mixed oxide (MOX Mixed oxide fuel, commonly referred to as MOX fuel, is nuclear fuel that contains more than one oxide of fissile material, usually consisting of plutonium blended with natural uranium, reprocessed uranium, or depleted uranium. MOX fuel is an al ...) fuel fabrication facility (MFFF). It employs 7000 people. The MOX production line completed a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Krasnoyarsk Krai
Krasnoyarsk Krai ( rus, Красноя́рский край, r=Krasnoyarskiy kray, p=krəsnɐˈjarskʲɪj ˈkraj) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), with its administrative center in the city of Krasnoyarsk, the third-largest city in Siberia (after Novosibirsk and Omsk). Comprising half of the Siberian Federal District, Krasnoyarsk Krai is the largest krai in the Russian Federation, the second largest federal subject (after neighboring Sakha) and the third largest subnational governing body by area in the world, after Sakha and the Australian state of Western Australia. The krai covers an area of , which is nearly one quarter the size of the entire country of Canada (the next-largest country in the world after Russia), constituting roughly 13% of the Russian Federation's total area and containing a population of 2,828,187 (more than a third of them in the city of Krasnoyarsk), or just under 2% of its population, per the 2010 Census. Geography The krai lies in the middl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cities And Towns In Krasnoyarsk Krai
A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be defined as a permanent and Urban density, densely settled place with administratively defined boundaries whose members work primarily on non-agricultural tasks. Cities generally have extensive systems for housing, transportation, sanitation, Public utilities, utilities, land use, Manufacturing, production of goods, and communication. Their density facilitates interaction between people, government organisations and businesses, sometimes benefiting different parties in the process, such as improving efficiency of goods and service distribution. Historically, city-dwellers have been a small proportion of humanity overall, but following two centuries of unprecedented and rapid urbanization, more than half of the world population now lives in cit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GLONASS
GLONASS (russian: ГЛОНАСС, label=none, ; rus, links=no, Глобальная навигационная спутниковая система, r=Global'naya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema, t=Global Navigation Satellite System) is a Russian satellite navigation system operating as part of a radionavigation-satellite service. It provides an alternative to Global Positioning System (GPS) and is the second navigational system in operation with global coverage and of comparable precision. Satellite navigation devices supporting both GPS and GLONASS have more satellites available, meaning positions can be fixed more quickly and accurately, especially in built-up areas where buildings may obscure the view to some satellites. GLONASS supplementation of GPS systems also improves positioning in high latitudes (north or south). Development of GLONASS began in the Soviet Union in 1976. Beginning on 12 October 1982, numerous rocket launches added satellites to the system, unti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
