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Kosmos-3M
The Kosmos-3M (russian: Космос-3М meaning "''Cosmos''", GRAU index 11K65M) was a Russian space launch vehicle, member of the Kosmos rocket family. It was a liquid-fueled two-stage launch vehicle, first launched in 1967 and with over 420 successful launches to its name. The Kosmos-3M used UDMH fuel and AK27I oxidizer (red fuming nitric acid) to lift roughly of payload into orbit. It differed from the earlier Kosmos-3 in its finer control of the second-stage burn, allowing operators to tune the thrust and even channel it through nozzles that helped orient the rocket for the launching of multiple satellites at one time. PO Polyot manufactured these launch vehicles in the Russian city of Omsk for decades. It was originally scheduled to be retired from service in 2011; however, in April 2010 the Commander of the Russian Space Forces confirmed that it would be retired by the end of 2010. One further launch, with Kanopus-ST, was planned; however, this was cancelled in late 201 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RD-216
The RD-215 (GRAU Index 8D513) was a dual nozzle liquid rocket engine, burning AK-27 (a mixture of 73% nitric acid and 27% N2O4 + iodine passivant) and UDMH. It was used in a module of two engines (four nozzles) known as the RD-216 (GRAU Index 8D514). The RD-215 was developed by OKB-456 for Yangel's Yuzhmash R-14 (8K65) ballistic missile. Its variations were also used on the Kosmos-1, Kosmos-3 and Kosmos-3M launch vehicles. Versions The family incorporate many versions: *RD-215: GRAU Index 8D513. Original design for the R-14 (8K65). Used also on the Kosmos-1 and Kosmos-3 *RD-215U: GRAU Index 8D513U. Improved engine for the R-14U (8K65U). *RD-215M: GRAU Index 8D513M. Improved version used on the Kosmos-3M. *RD-217: GRAU Index 8D515. Modified design for the R-16 (8K64) first stage. *RD-219: GRAU Index 8D713. Modified design for the R-16 (8K64) second stage. Modules These engines were bundled into modules of pairs of engines. The serial production modules were: *RD-216: GRAU ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kosmos (rocket Family)
The Kosmos (also spelled Cosmos, Russian: ) rockets were a series of Soviet and subsequently Russian rockets, derived from the R-12 and R-14 missiles, the best known of which is the Kosmos-3M, which has made over 440 launches. The Kosmos family contained a number of rockets, both carrier rockets and sounding rockets, for orbital and sub-orbital spaceflight respectively. The first variant, the Kosmos-2I, first flew on 27 October 1961. Over 700 Kosmos rockets have been launched overall. Variants Launches See also *R-7 family The R-7 family of rockets (russian: Р-7) is a series of rockets, derived from the Soviet R-7 Semyorka, the world's first ICBM. More R-7 rockets have been launched than any other family of large rockets. When Soviet nuclear warheads became li ... References Rocket families Space launch vehicles of the Soviet Union Energia rocket engines {{rocketry-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Production Corporation Polyot
Production Association Polyot (russian: Производственное объединение «Полёт», , flying, flight) is a Russian aerospace engineering state corporation best known for being the manufacturer of GLONASS satellites and the Kosmos-3M space launch vehicle. The company is based in Omsk, in the Russian Federation. In 2007, the company was integrated into the Khrunichev enterprise. Its full name is ''"Polyot" Manufacturing Corporation – A Branch of The Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center".'' Overview The Kosmos-3M launch vehicle, produced at the company since 1969, has established a reputation as one of the most reliable rockets in its class with a reliability coefficient of 0.97. Polyot also develops navigation satellites, such as Nadezhda, Parus, GLONASS and GLONASS-M. In the aviation sector, the company's products include the AN-3T light multi-purpose aircraft, AN-70 transport aircraft and the AN-74 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plesetsk Cosmodrome
Plesetsk Cosmodrome ( rus, Космодром «Плесецк», r=Kosmodrom "Plesetsk", p=kəsmɐˈdrom plʲɪˈsʲet͡sk) is a Russian spaceport located in Mirny, Arkhangelsk Oblast, about 800 km north of Moscow and approximately 200 km south of Arkhangelsk, the cosmodrome dates to 1957. Originally developed as an ICBM site for the R-7 missile, it also served for numerous satellite launches using the R-7 and other rockets. Its high latitude makes it useful only for certain types of launches, especially the Molniya orbits, so for much of the site's history it functioned as a secondary location, with most orbital launches taking place from Baikonur, in the Kazakh SSR. With the end of the Soviet Union, Baikonur became a foreign territory, and Kazakhstan charged $115 million usage fees annually. Consequently, Plesetsk has seen considerably more activity since the 2000s. Overview Plesetsk () is used especially for military satellites placed into high inclination an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plesetsk Cosmodrome Site 132
Site 132, also known as Chusovaya (russian: Чусова́я), is a launch complex at the Plesetsk Cosmodrome (in the Soviet Union, then in Russia), used by Kosmos launch vehicles. It consists of two launch pads: Site 132/1 (2010), and 132/2 (1990), which are inactive. The first launch from Site 132/1 was conducted on either 15 May or 26 June 1967, followed by the first known launch from Site 132/2 on 26 June 1967. The last launch from Site 132/2 occurred on 25 April 1990. Both pads were used by the same two rockets, the Kosmos-3 and Kosmos-3M The Kosmos-3M (russian: Космос-3М meaning "''Cosmos''", GRAU index 11K65M) was a Russian space launch vehicle, member of the Kosmos rocket family. It was a liquid-fueled two-stage launch vehicle, first launched in 1967 and with over 42 .... Although most Kosmos-3M launches have been conducted from Site 132, several early tests were conducted from Site 131; however, it is not known which ones, or how many. Some launches were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aryabhata (satellite)
Aryabhata was India's first satellite,"Aryabhata" in ''Encyclopædia Britannica, The New Encyclopædia Britannica''. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 15th edn., 1992, Vol. 1, p. 611. named after Aryabhata, the famous Indian astronomer. It was launched on 19 April 1975 from Kapustin Yar, a Soviet rocket launch and development site in Astrakhan Oblast using a Kosmos-3M launch vehicle. It was built by the Indian Space Research Organisation, ISRO, and launched by the Soviet Union as a part of the Soviet Interkosmos programme which provided access to space for friendly states. Launch It was launched by India on 19 April 1975 from Kapustin Yar, a Russian rocket launch and development site in Astrakhan Oblast using a Kosmos-3M launch vehicle. It was built by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).The launch came from an agreement between India and the Soviet Union directed by Udupi Ramachandra Rao, UR Rao and signed in 1972. It allowed the USSR to use Indian ports for tra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Korea Advanced Institute Of Science And Technology Satellite 4
The STSat-1 (Science and Technology Satellite-1), formerly known as KAISTSat-4 (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Satellite-4), is an ultraviolet telescope in a satellite. It is funded by the Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI), and was launched on 27 September 2003, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome by a Kosmos-3M launch vehicle, into an Earth orbit with a height between 675 and 695 km. STSat-1 is a low-cost KAIST / Satellite Technology Research Center (SaTReC) satellite technology demonstration mission, funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of South Korea, a follow-up mission in the KITSAT program. STSat-1 is a South Korean astrophysical satellite that was launched by a Kosmos 3M launch vehicle from Plesetsk at 06:11:44 UTC on 27 September 2003. The 106 kg satellite carries a special UV imaging spectrograph to monitor gas clouds in the Galaxy A galaxy is a system of stars, stellar remnants, interstellar gas, dust, dark mat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BILSAT-1
BILSAT-1 (formerly just ''BILSAT'') was an earth observation satellite designed and developed by TÜBİTAK Space Technologies Research Institute (TÜBİTAK UZAY) and produced in Turkey as part of the Disaster Monitoring Constellation (DMC) project in the context of a show-how program led by DMC International Imaging of Surrey Satellite Technology (SSTL). Launch BILSAT-1 was launched from Plesetsk Cosmodrome Site 132/1, Arkhangelsk Oblast in Russia by a Kosmos-3M space launch vehicle on September 27, 2003 at 06:12 UTC in a multiple-satellite payload launch along with six other satellites, namely Mozhayets-4 and Larets of Russia, NigeriaSat of Nigeria, UK-DMC from the United Kingdom, South Korean STSAT-1 and Germany's Rubin 4-DS. It was placed in a polar, circular, sun-synchronous geocentric orbit at an altitude of with orbital parameters as period 98.5 min, apogee , perigee and inclination 98.2°. Mission One of the four spacecraft of the DMC project, which is an organi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SNAP-1
SNAP-1 is a British nanosatellite in low Earth orbit.C Underwood, G Richardson, J Savignol"In-orbit results from the SNAP-1 nanosatellite and its future potential" Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society, 2003P Fortescue, J Stark, G Swinerd, "Spacecraft Systems Engineering", Third Edition, Wiley - Section 18.7, pages 597-599 The satellite was built at the Surrey Space Centre by Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd (SSTL) and members of the University of Surrey. It was launched on 28 June 2000 on board a Kosmos-3M rocket from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome in northern Russia. It shared the launch with a Russian Nadezhda search and relay spacecraft and the Chinese Tsinghua-1 microsatellite. Mission The objectives of the SNAP-1 mission were to: * Develop and prove a modular commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) based nanosatellite bus. * Evaluate new manufacturing techniques and technologies. * Image the Tsinghua-1 microsatellite during its deployment (timed to occur a few seconds after th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ABRIXAS
A Broadband Imaging X-ray All-sky Survey, or ABRIXAS was a space-based German X-ray telescope. It was launched on 28 April 1999 in a Kosmos-3M launch vehicle from Kapustin Yar, Russia, into Earth orbit. The orbit had a periapsis of , an apoapsis of , an inclination of 48.0° and an eccentricity of 0.00352, giving it a period of 96 minutes. The telescope's battery was accidentally overcharged and destroyed three days after the mission started. When attempts to communicate with the satellite — while its solar panels were illuminated by sunlight — failed, the $20 million project was abandoned. ABRIXAS decayed from orbit on 31 October 2017. The eROSITA telescope is based on the design of the ABRIXAS observatory. eROSITA was launched on board the Spektr-RG space observatory on 13 July 2019 from Baikonur to be deployed at the second Lagrange point (L2). See also * German space programme The German space programme is the set of projects funded by the government of Germany ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plesetsk Cosmodrome Site 133
Site 133, also known as Raduga (russian: Радуга meaning ''Rainbow''), is a launch complex at the Plesetsk Cosmodrome in Russia. It is used by Rockot, and previously Kosmos carrier rockets. It consists of a single pad, originally designated 133/1, and later 133/3. The first launch from Site 133 was of a Kosmos-2I, on 16 March 1967, carrying the Kosmos 148 satellite. 91 Kosmos-2 launches were conducted, the last of which was on 18 June 1977, with Kosmos 919. It was later reactivated as Site 133/3, and supported 38 Kosmos-3M launches between 1985 and 1994. During the late 1990s, Site 133/3 was rebuilt as a surface launch pad for Rockot, following the decision to use it for commercial launches. There were concerns that noise generated during a launch from Site 175 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome, a silo-based complex, could cause vibrations that would damage the payload. Rockots are wheeled up to the complex in a vertical position, and then the service tower is rolled around it. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unsymmetrical Dimethylhydrazine
Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH; 1,1-dimethylhydrazine, НДМГ or codenamed Geptil) is a chemical compound with the formula H2NN(CH3)2 that is used as a rocket propellant. It is a colorless liquid, with a sharp, fishy, ammonia-like smell typical for organic amines. Samples turn yellowish on exposure to air and absorb oxygen and carbon dioxide. It is miscible with water, ethanol, and kerosene. In concentration between 2.5% and 95% in air, its vapors are flammable. It is not sensitive to shock. Symmetrical dimethylhydrazine, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine is also known but is not as useful. Production UDMH is produced industrially by two routes. Based on the Olin Raschig process, one method involves reaction of monochloramine with dimethylamine giving 1,1-dimethylhydrazinium chloride: :(CH3)2NH + NH2Cl → (CH3)2NNH2 ⋅ HCl In the presence of suitable catalysts, acetylhydrazine can be N-dimethylated using formaldehyde and hydrogen to give the N,N-dimethyl-N'-acetylhydrazine, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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