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Kordofanian Languages
The Kordofanian languages are a geographic grouping of five language groups spoken in the Nuba Mountains of the Kurdufan, Sudan: Talodi–Heiban languages, Lafofa languages, Rashad languages, Katla languages and Kadu languages. The first four groups are sometimes regarded as branches of the hypothetical Niger–Congo family, whereas Kadu is now widely seen as a branch of the proposed Nilo-Saharan family. History In 1963, Joseph Greenberg added them to the Niger–Congo family, creating his Niger–Kordofanian proposal. The Kordofanian languages have not been shown to be more distantly related than other branches of Niger–Congo, however, and they have not been shown to constitute a valid group. Today, the Kadu languages are excluded, and the others are usually included in Niger–Congo proper. Roger Blench notes that the Talodi and Heiban families have the noun class systems characteristic of the Atlantic–Congo core of Niger–Congo but that the two Katla languages have ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kurdufan
Kordofan ( ar, كردفان ') is a former province of central Sudan. In 1994 it was divided into three new federal states: North Kordofan, South Kordofan and West Kordofan. In August 2005, West Kordofan State was abolished and its territory divided between North and South Kordofan States, as part of the implementation of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement between the Government of Sudan and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement. West Kordofan was reestablished in July 2013. Geography Kordofan covers an area of some 376,145 km² (146,932 miles²), with an estimated population in 2000 of 3.6 million (3 million in 1983). It is largely an undulating plain, with the Nuba Mountains in the southeast quarter. During the rainy season from June to September, the area is fertile, but in the dry season, it is virtually desert. The region’s chief town is El-Obeid. Economy and demography Traditionally the area is known for production of gum arabic. Other crops include groundnuts, cott ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Katloid Languages
The Katla languages are two to three closely related languages that form a small language family in the Nuba Hills of Sudan. Part of an erstwhile Kordofanian proposal, they are of uncertain position within the hypothetical Niger–Congo family. They do not share the characteristic morphology of Niger–Congo, such as the noun-class system. Thus Roger Blench classifies them as a divergent branch of Niger–Congo outside the Atlantic–Congo core. A similar situation holds for another Kordofanian family, Rashad Rashad is a given name which may refer to: Surname: *Ahmad Rashad (born 1949), American football player and sportcaster *Ali Akbar Rashad (born 1955), Iranian philosopher and Islamic scholar *Isaiah Rashad (born 1991), American rapper *Phylicia Ras ...; these are not closely related to Katla. See also * List of Proto-Katloid reconstructions (Wiktionary) References * Roger Blench. UnpublishedKordofanian and Niger–Congo: new and revised lexical evidence * Roger Blench ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amira Language
Amira, also ''Jebel el Amira'', is a Niger–Congo language spoken in Kordofan Kordofan ( ar, كردفان ') is a former province of central Sudan. In 1994 it was divided into three new federal states: North Kordofan, South Kordofan and West Kordofan. In August 2005, West Kordofan State was abolished and its territory di ..., Sudan. It is sometimes considered a dialect of Lafofa, which is poorly attested. References Sources *Roger Blench, 2011 (ms), "Does Kordofanian constitute a group and if not, where does its languages fit into Niger-Congo Lafofa languages {{Kordofanian-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tegem Language
Tegem, also ''Jebel Tekeim'', is a Niger–Congo language spoken in Kordofan Kordofan ( ar, كردفان ') is a former province of central Sudan. In 1994 it was divided into three new federal states: North Kordofan, South Kordofan and West Kordofan. In August 2005, West Kordofan State was abolished and its territory di ..., Sudan. It is sometimes considered a dialect of Lafofa, which is poorly attested. References Sources *Roger Blench, 2011 (ms), "Does Kordofanian constitute a group and if not, where does its languages fit into Niger-Congo Lafofa languages {{Kordofanian-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tegali Language
Tegali (also spelled ''Tagale, Tegele, Tekele, Togole'') is a Kordofanian language in the Rashad family, which is thought by some to belong to the hypothetical Niger–Congo phylum (Greenberg 1963, Schadeberg 1981, Williamson & Blench 2000). It is spoken in South Kordofan state, Sudan. Classification The Rashad family of language consists of two dialect clusters, Tegali and Tagoi, which share about 70% basic vocabulary on the 100-word Swadesh list. They are spoken on two mountain ranges to the north and north-west of Rashad. These languages are spoken in the Tegali Hills in the north-east of the Nuba Mountains, the home of the former "Tegali Kingdom". The most conspicuous difference between the two dialect clusters is that Tagoi has a complex system of noun classes while Tegali does not. Different explanations exist for why Tegali dialects lack of noun class system. Greenberg (1963) excludes the possibility of mass borrowing of basic vocabulary in Tagoi and assumes the loss of no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tagoi Language
The Tagoi language is a Kordofanian language, closely related to Tegali, spoken near the town of Rashad in southern Kordofan in Sudan, about 12 N, 31 E. Unlike Tegali, it has a complex noun class system, which appears to have been borrowed from more typical Niger–Congo languages. It has several dialects, including Umali (Tumale), Goy (Tagoi proper), Moreb, and Orig (, Turjuk). Villages are Moreb, Tagoi, Tukum, Tuling, Tumale, Turjok, and Turum (''Ethnologue'', 22nd edition). The following describes the Orig dialect. Phonology The consonants are: Stops are automatically voiced between two non-obstruents (obstruents = stops or fricatives.) Stops and sonorants may occur geminate. Some consonant clusters are allowed (almost invariably two-consonant), most involving sonorants; prenasalised ones are particularly common. are found in some Arabic loanwords. The vowel system is unclear; phonetically, it seems to be basically: . There seem to be three phonemic tones: high, lo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rashad Language
Tegali (also spelled ''Tagale, Tegele, Tekele, Togole'') is a Kordofanian language in the Rashad family, which is thought by some to belong to the hypothetical Niger–Congo phylum (Greenberg 1963, Schadeberg 1981, Williamson & Blench 2000). It is spoken in South Kordofan state, Sudan. Classification The Rashad family of language consists of two dialect clusters, Tegali and Tagoi, which share about 70% basic vocabulary on the 100-word Swadesh list. They are spoken on two mountain ranges to the north and north-west of Rashad. These languages are spoken in the Tegali Hills in the north-east of the Nuba Mountains, the home of the former "Tegali Kingdom". The most conspicuous difference between the two dialect clusters is that Tagoi has a complex system of noun classes while Tegali does not. Different explanations exist for why Tegali dialects lack of noun class system. Greenberg (1963) excludes the possibility of mass borrowing of basic vocabulary in Tagoi and assumes the loss of no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Katla Language
Katla (also ''Kaalak'' or ''Kwaalak'') is a Katla language, closely related to a neighbouring language called Tima. The variety Julud is mutually intelligible In linguistics, mutual intelligibility is a relationship between languages or dialects in which speakers of different but related varieties can readily understand each other without prior familiarity or special effort. It is sometimes used as an ... with Katla-Kulharong but not with Katla-Cakom. Dialects and locations Dialects and village locations: *''Julud'' dialect: Kabog, Kabog North, Kabosh, Kambai, Karkando, Karkarya, Kary, Kimndang, Kitanngo, Kolbi, Koto Kork, Octiang, Rumber, Sabba, and Tolot *''Katla'' dialect: Bombori, Karoka, Kateik, Kiddu, Kirkpong, and Koldrong References Katloid languages {{Kordofanian-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orig Language
The Tagoi language is a Kordofanian language, closely related to Tegali, spoken near the town of Rashad in southern Kordofan in Sudan, about 12 N, 31 E. Unlike Tegali, it has a complex noun class system, which appears to have been borrowed from more typical Niger–Congo languages. It has several dialects, including Umali (Tumale), Goy (Tagoi proper), Moreb, and Orig (, Turjuk). Villages are Moreb, Tagoi, Tukum, Tuling, Tumale, Turjok, and Turum (''Ethnologue'', 22nd edition). The following describes the Orig dialect. Phonology The consonants are: Stops are automatically voiced between two non-obstruents (obstruents = stops or fricatives.) Stops and sonorants may occur geminate. Some consonant clusters are allowed (almost invariably two-consonant), most involving sonorants; prenasalised ones are particularly common. are found in some Arabic loanwords. The vowel system is unclear; phonetically, it seems to be basically: . There seem to be three phonemic tones: high, lo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Koalib Language
Koalib (also called Kwalib, Abri, Lgalige, Nirere and Rere) is a Niger–Congo language in the Heiban family spoken in the Nuba Mountains of southern Sudan.Ethnologue report for language code: kib, retrieved on Apr. 12, 2010. The , and ethnic groups speak this language. Dialects and locations Koalib dialects and locations (''Ethnologue'', 22nd edition): *''Nginyukwur'' dialect: Hadra, Nyukwur, and Umm Heitan *''Ngirere'' dialect: Abri are ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tima Language
Tima, also known as Domorik or Lomorik, is a Katla language spoken by the Tima people of Sudan Sudan ( or ; ar, السودان, as-Sūdān, officially the Republic of the Sudan ( ar, جمهورية السودان, link=no, Jumhūriyyat as-Sūdān), is a country in Northeast Africa. It shares borders with the Central African Republic t .... References External linksTima language documentation project Katloid languages Severely endangered languages {{Kordofanian-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
