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Kongsi
Kongsi () is a Hokkien transcription term meaning " company", especially businesses which have been incorporated. However, the word has other meanings under different historical contexts. ''Kongsi'' were most commonly known as Chinese social organizations or partnerships, but the term was also used for various Chinese institutions. Amongst overseas Chinese, the word ''kongsi'' was applied to reference both clan organizations, whose members shared a common descent, and to district-dialect clubs, for Chinese immigrants originating from the same district speaking the same dialect. In the late 19th century, these district-dialect associations came to be known as ''wui gun'' (''huiguan''; ), especially in San Francisco, California where many Chinese from eight districts on the west side of the Pearl River Delta near the City of Canton went for the California gold rush. Southeast Asia In Southeast Asia, the kongsi republics were made up of Hakka Chinese mining communities that u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ngee Ann Kongsi
The Ngee Ann Kongsi () is a charitable foundation located in Singapore and governed by the Ngee Ann Kongsi Ordinance of 1933. It is one of many Overseas Chinese Kongsi, or clan associations, that were set up by immigrants from China in the late 19th century. The foundation's name, Ngee Ann, is the old name for Chaozhou, which may also be transliterated as Chaozhou, Teochew. The Teochew people reside in the eastern part of Guangdong province, China, a distinct racial group sharing the province with other communities such as the Cantonese people, Cantonese and Hakka people, Hakka people. The Ngee Ann Kongsi was founded in 1845 by Seah Eu Chin to look after the religious and humanitarian needs of Teochew immigrants in Singapore. It was set up within Yueh Hai Ching Temple, a national monument of Singapore. Now a nonprofit organization, Ngee Ann Kongsi contributes to Singaporean society through educational and other charitable projects. The Ngee Ann Kongsi also provides a tertiary ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ngee Heng Kongsi Of Johor
Ngee Heng Kongsi of Johor ({{zh, t= 義 興 公司, p=Yì Xīng Gōngsī; Teochew Pêh-uē-jī: ''Ngĭ Heng Kong-si''; 1844–1916) was a Teochew secret society that founded the earliest Chinese settlement in Johor. However, it did not have a clandestine image and has instead been accorded a respectable place in the history of the Johor Chinese. The term kongsi generally refers to any firm or partnership, and has also been used to refer to any group or society in a very broad sense. Ngee Heng is the Teochew name for the Ghi Hin or Ghee Hin, its name in Hokkien. The name identifies it as the Teochew offshoot of the Tiandihui secret society. Overview Starting as a group of political dissidents under Tan Kee Soon, the Ngee Heng Kongsi gradually transformed itself into an organisation of towkays and revenue farmers under its second leader Major China Tan Hiok Nee. Sultan Abu Bakar recognised the Ngee Heng Kongsi as a legitimate organisation and made it responsible for law and orde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khoo Kongsi (I)
The Khoo Kongsi is a large Chinese Kongsi, clanhouse with elaborate and highly ornamented architecture, a mark of the dominant presence of the Malaysian Chinese, Chinese in Penang, Malaysia. The famous Khoo Kongsi is the grandest clan temple in the country. It is also one of the city's major historic attractions. The clan temple has retained its authentic historic setting, which includes an association building, a traditional theatre and the late 19th century rowhouses for clan members, all clustered around a granite-paved square. It is located in Cannon Square in the heart of the oldest part of the city of George Town, Penang, George Town, in the midst of narrow, winding lanes and quaint-looking pre-World War II, War houses exuding a palpable old world charm. History The Khoo Kongsi is a clan association of the Leong San Tong (Dragon Mountain Hall) clan, whose forefathers came from XinAn Village, Haicang District, Xiamen Municipal in Fujian province. The Khoos were among the we ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kongsi Republic
The kongsi republics (), also known as kongsi democracies () or kongsi federations (), were self-governing political entities in Borneo that formed as federations of Chinese mining communities known as kongsis. By the mid-nineteenth century, the kongsi republics controlled most of western Borneo. The three largest kongsi republics were the Lanfang Republic, the Heshun Confederation (Fosjoen), and the Santiaogou Federation (Samtiaokioe) after it had split from the Heshun. Commercial kongsis were common in Chinese diasporic communities throughout the world, but the kongsi republics of Borneo were unique in that they were sovereign states that controlled large swaths of territory. This characteristic distinguishes them from the sultanates of Southeast Asia, which held authority over their subjects, yet did not control the territory where their subjects resided. The kongsi republics competed with the Dutch over the control of Borneo, culminating in three Kongsi Wars in 1822–24, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khoo Kongsi
The Khoo Kongsi is a large Chinese clanhouse with elaborate and highly ornamented architecture, a mark of the dominant presence of the Chinese in Penang, Malaysia. The famous Khoo Kongsi is the grandest clan temple in the country. It is also one of the city's major historic attractions. The clan temple has retained its authentic historic setting, which includes an association building, a traditional theatre and the late 19th century rowhouses for clan members, all clustered around a granite-paved square. It is located in Cannon Square in the heart of the oldest part of the city of George Town, in the midst of narrow, winding lanes and quaint-looking pre-War houses exuding a palpable old world charm. History The Khoo Kongsi is a clan association of the Leong San Tong (Dragon Mountain Hall) clan, whose forefathers came from XinAn Village, Haicang District, Xiamen Municipal in Fujian province. The Khoos were among the wealthy Straits Chinese traders of 17th century Malacca and ea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kongsi Republics
The kongsi republics (), also known as kongsi democracies () or kongsi federations (), were self-governing political entities in Borneo that formed as federations of Chinese mining communities known as kongsis. By the mid-nineteenth century, the kongsi republics controlled most of western Borneo. The three largest kongsi republics were the Lanfang Republic, the Heshun Confederation (Fosjoen), and the Santiaogou Federation (Samtiaokioe) after it had split from the Heshun. Commercial kongsis were common in Chinese diasporic communities throughout the world, but the kongsi republics of Borneo were unique in that they were sovereign states that controlled large swaths of territory. This characteristic distinguishes them from the sultanates of Southeast Asia, which held authority over their subjects, yet did not control the territory where their subjects resided. The kongsi republics competed with the Dutch over the control of Borneo, culminating in three Kongsi Wars in 1822–24, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eng Chuan Tong Tan Kongsi
Eng Chuan Tong Tan Kongsi () is a Hokkien clan house at Beach Street in George Town, Penang, Malaysia. It was founded in the early 19th century by a Tan family from the Fujian province of Zhangzhou in China. The building is a place of worship devoted to Kai Zhang Sheng Wang (開漳聖王; ) or ''Tan Goan-kong'' (陳元光), the founder of Zhangzhou, and his two deputies, Generals ''Fushun'' and ''Fusheng''. It was also the ancestral temple of Tan clansmen for the purposes of cultural integration. Members of the Tan family worship their ancestor, Tan Guan Kong.This ''Kongsi'' represents what locals consider to be one of the ‘Big Five' clan surnames in Penang. Founded under the name ''Tan Seng Ong Kongsi'', it is claimed by its owners to be the oldest clan house in Penang. The clan house and its associated residences form a culturally embedded Seh Tan Court. In 1941, from the start of the Japanese Occupation, many historic relics vanished, and activities were suspended except for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lanfang Republic
The Lanfang Republic (, Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ''Làn-fông Khiung-fò-koet''), also known as Lanfang Company (), was a Chinese kongsi federation and a tributary state of Qing China in Western Borneo. It was established by a Hakka Chinese named in 1777 until it was ended by Dutch occupation in 1884. Arrival of the Chinese The sultans of Western Borneo, including Sambas, Sukadana, and Landak all imported Chinese laborers in the 18th century to work in gold or tin mines. A number of mining companies enjoyed some political autonomy, but Lanfang is the best known thanks to a history written by Yap Siong-yoen, the son-in-law of the last kapitan of the Lanfang Company, which was translated into Dutch in 1885, and J.J.M. de Groot, a Dutch Sinologist who recorded Lanfang's history with the help of its last President, Liu Asheng. None of the other Chinese mining organization in western Kalimantan left written accounts; the records of the others were documented by Dutch sinologists. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santiaogou Republic
The Santiaogou Republic ( zh, 三條溝公司, Hakka Chinese, Hakka/Dutch language, Dutch: Sam-Thiao-Keoe; "Three gullies"), sometimes spelled as Santiago Republic in some sources, later renamed as the Sanda futing (Chinese language, Chinese: 三達副廳; "Deputy Hall of Three Reaches"), and lastly as the Hexian zhengting (Chinese language, Chinese: 和現正廳; "Legitimate Parliament of the Harmonies Present"), was a powerful Chinese Kongsi republic, kongsi federation formerly associated with Monterado, Bengkayang, Monterado (Chinese language, Chinese: 打勞鹿, Hakka Chinese, Hakka: Montradok) district before moving to Sepang (town), Sepang (Chinese language, Chinese: 昔邦, Hakka Chinese, Hakka: Sapawang) in West Kalimantan, Borneo. It joined the Heshun Confederation in 1776, but left due to disputes and allied with the sultan of Sultanate of Sambas, Sambas (and later the Dutch East India Company, Dutch), succeeding in destroying its former ally Heshun and the Dagang kongsi. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Penghu Shuixian Temple
Penghu Shuixian Temple ( zh, t=澎湖水仙宮, p=Pēnghú Shuǐxiān Gōng), is a Taoism, Taoist temple in Magong, Magong, Penghu. Built in 1696 by Xue Kui (薛奎), a military officer of Penghu Navy, it mainly serves the Shuixian Zunwang, five Taoist immortals worshipped as sea gods. This building is also called as "Taixiajiao Kongsi" (Chinese:臺廈郊會館; pinyin:''Tái xià jiāo huìguǎn'') because it was used as a commercial hall which dealt with the trading between Taiwan main island and Xiamen during the late of Qing Dynasty. According to the ''Chorography of Penghu'', Shuixian Temple is one of 4 ancient temples in Penghu County. History After Xue Kui built this temple in 1696, Shuixian Temple also was erected on 1780 and 1821, according to the ''Chorography of Penghu'' by Lin Hao (Chinese characters, Chinese:林豪; pinyin: ''Lín háo''). In 1875, there were many local merchants who organized a company (Taixiajiao Kongsi), which was responsible for the busine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancestral Shrine
An ancestral shrine, hall or temple ( or , vi, Nhà thờ họ; Chữ Hán: 家祠户), also called lineage temple, is a temple dedicated to deified ancestors and progenitors of surname lineages or families in the Chinese tradition. Ancestral temples are closely linked to Confucian philosophy and culture and the emphasis that it places on filial piety. A common central feature of the ancestral temples are the ancestral tablets that embody the ancestral spirits.Edward L. Davis (Editor), Encyclopedia of Contemporary Chinese Culture, Routledge, 2004 The ancestral tablets are typically arranged by seniority of the ancestors. Altars and other ritual objects such as incense burners are also common fixtures. Ancestors and gods can also be represented by statues. The temples are used for collective rituals and festivals in honor of the ancestors but also for other family- and community-related functions such as weddings and funerals. Sometimes, they serve wider community functions ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ghee Hin Kongsi
The Ghee Hin Kongsi () was a secret society in Singapore and Malaya, formed in 1820. Ghee Hin literally means "the rise of righteousness" in Chinese and was part of the Hongmen overseas network. The Ghee Hin often fought against the Hakka-dominated Hai San secret society. Ghee Hin was initially dominated by Cantonese people, although Hokkien people formed the majority by 1860. Teochew, Hainanese, and Hakka people formed smaller minorities. One of the major leaders of Ghee Hin was Chin Ah Yam, a Hakka peasant from rural Dabu County, Guangdong. The secret society was of Hongmen origin and set up to provide mutual aid and support for Chinese migrants, with the common aim of overthrowing the Qing dynasty and restoring the Ming. Their main lodge in Singapore was located on Lavender Street, and contained the ancestral tablets of important ex-members, before being donated to the Tan Tock Seng Hospital when it was torn down in 1892, following the "Suppression of Secret Societies Ordi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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