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Kommunarka Shooting Ground
The Kommunarka firing range (russian: Расстрельный полигон «Коммунарка»), former dacha of secret police chief Genrikh Yagoda, was used as a burial ground from 1937 to 1941. Executions may have been carried out there by the NKVD during the Great Terror and until the war started; alternatively, bodies of those shot elsewhere might have been brought there for later interment."The Kommunarka burial site in Moscow", Russia's Necropolis of Terror and the Gulag ''en.mapofmemory.org'' As the late Arseny Roginsky explained: "firing range" was a popular euphemism adopted to describe mysterious and closely-guarded plots of land that the NKVD began to set aside for mass burials on the eve of the Great Terror. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Memorial (society)
Memorial ( rus, Мемориал, p=mʲɪmərʲɪˈaɫ) is an international human rights organisation, founded in Russia during the fall of the Soviet Union to study and examine the Human rights in the Soviet Union, human rights violations and other crimes committed under Joseph Stalin's reign. Prior to its dissolution in Russia, it consisted of two separate legal entities, Memorial International, whose purpose was the recording of the crimes against humanity committed in the Soviet Union, particularly during the Stalinist era, and the Memorial Human Rights Centre, which focused on the human rights defender, protection of human rights, especially in conflict zones in and around modern Russia. A movement rather than a centralized organization, as of December 2021 Memorial encompassed over 50 organisations in Russia and 11 in other countries, including Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Germany, Italy, Belgium and France. Although the focus of affiliated groups differs from region to region, they ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vasily Anisimoff
Vasily Onisimovich Afanasiev (alias Vasily Anisimovich Anisimoff) was a revolutionary and a propagandist of Marxism as well as a prominent activist and supporter of the Russian and international Socialist movement. He was among the active members of the RSDLP and was a Menshevik. In 1925, Anisimoff became the deputy head of the economic department of the Supreme Soviet of the National Economy of the RSFSR, managing the "Exportles" trust. Anisimoff was the younger brother of a famous Soviet pedagogue Pyotr Afanasiev, grandfather of the Soviet writer Vladimir Amlinsky, and the great-grandfather of the composer and physicist Vladimir Anisimoff Biography Vasily Anisimovich Anisimoff (alias, né Vasily Onisimovich Afanasiev), the youngest child in the family of protopriest Father Onesimus (Onesimus Afanasiev), was born in 1878 in the remote village of Apanasovo-Tamashi of Kazan province (now Kazan region), where his father, a graduate of the , had been sent in the early 1870s to ser ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Matvei Berman
Matvei Davidovich Berman (Russian: Матвей Давыдович Берман; April 10, 1898 – March 7, 1939) was a Soviet security officer and head of the Gulag Soviet prison camp system from 1932 to 1937.Khlevniuk, p. 346 Biography Berman was born in Andiranovka, Chita, Transbaikal Oblast, the son of a Jewish brickyard owner. He joined the Russian army and entered the military school in Irkutsk. He then became a cadet of the 25th Reserve infantry regiment. Berman joined the Bolsheviks in June 1917. In 1918 he joined the Red Army and was stationed in Tomsk and in June was working in a propaganda unit. In August 1918, Berman joined the Cheka and was named chief of uyezd-level Cheka in the city of Glazov. From 1923 to 1924, he was the People's Commissar for State Security in the Buryat-Mongol Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. He then led the OGPU in Central Asia. From February 1927 to October 1927 he was the chairman of the OGPU in the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Repu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boris Berman (chekist)
Boris Davidovich Berman (russian: Борис Давыдович Берман; 15 May 1901 22 February 1939) was a leading member of the NKVD, who played a prominent role in the Great Purge before he was himself arrested and shot. Early career Berman was born in Andiranovka, Chita, Zabaykalsky Krai, Chita, Transbaikal, Transbaikal Oblast, to a Jewish brickyard owner. At the age of ten, Boris Berman was sent to work as a shop assistant. He fought in the civil war as a teenager. He joined the Ogpu, OGPU in 1921 and held a succession of posts. In 1928-31, he was based in Russian Turkestan, Russian Central Asia, and for about three years, was an OGPU resident in Germany. In 1934, he was appointed deputy head of the OGPU Foreign Department, shortly before it was reorganized as the NKVD.Who Directed the NKVD (in Russian), (select "БЕР ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Beloborodov
Alexander Georgiyevich Beloborodov (russian: link=no, Алекса́ндр Гео́ргиевич Белоборо́дов; 26 October 189110 February 1938) was a Russian Bolshevik revolutionary, Soviet politician, party figure and statesman best known for his role as one of the chief regicides of Nicholas II and his family. Born in Alexandrovsk, in the Solikamsky Uyezd of the Perm Governorate of the Russian Empire, he joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1907. Siding with Vladimir Lenin's Bolsheviks, after the February Revolution, he became a member of the Ural Regional Party Committee, represented the Ural Bolsheviks at the Party Conference in April 1917, and subsequently became Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Ural Regional Council of Workers', Peasants', and Soldiers' Deputies, more commonly known as the Ural Soviet (''Uraloblsovet''). In July 1918, in coordination with Yakov Sverdlov in Moscow, Beloborodov ordered the execution of the for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abram Belenky
Abram Yakovlevich Belenky (russian: Абра́м Я́ковлевич Бе́ленький) (1882 or 1883 – 16 October 1941) was a Russian revolutionary, Bolshevik and a major functionary of the Soviet secret police (Cheka / OGPU / NKVD), born in Swierżań, Russian Empire. In 1919-24, he was a head of V.I. Lenin security. He was later promoted to major of NKVD. On 9 May 1938, Belenky was arrested and accused of having taken part in a counter-revolutionary plot organized by former NKVD officers, including Genrikh Yagoda. He was sentenced by the Special Council of the NKVD (OSO) to five years of Gulag The Gulag, an acronym for , , "chief administration of the camps". The original name given to the system of camps controlled by the GPU was the Main Administration of Corrective Labor Camps (, )., name=, group= was the government agency in ... imprisonment. In 1940, his sentence was cancelled and his case was re-opened, with the eventual outcome that he was executed by firin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Bekzadyan
Alexander Harutyuni Bekzadyan ( hy, Ալեքսանդր Հարությունի Բեկզադյան; 1879 August 1, 1938) was a Bolshevik revolutionary and Soviet statesman of Armenian descent. After serving as Soviet ambassador to Norway and Hungary he was murdered during the Great Purge. Early years Alexander Harutyunyi (Artemi) Bekzadian was born in 1879 in Shushi, Nagorno-Karabakh, Russian Empire. He graduated from Shushi Real School. In 1900-1902 he studied at the Kyiv Polytechnic Institute. In 1911, he graduated from the Faculty of Public Policy at the University of Zurich. He was arrested in Russia as a member of the Baku and Transcaucasian Committees of the Bolshevik party but escaped in 1906. Bekzadyan participated in several conferences of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in Europe and Russia and maintained close contact with the figures of the 2nd International from European parties. In 1914, he worked in Baku, then in the North Caucasus. Soviet career In 1920 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mikhail Batorsky
Mikhail Alexandrovich Batorsky (; 25 January 1890 8 February 1938) was a Red Army Komkor. The son of an officer and a member of the nobility, Batorsky fought in World War I as a staff officer, ending the war with the rank of lieutenant colonel. He sided with the Bolsheviks in the Russian Civil War, serving as a staff officer. During the Polish–Soviet War Batorsky served as chief of staff for the 16th Army and was decorated for his leadership. After the end of the war he became a cavalry commander and was head of a cavalry school. Batorsky was executed during the Great Purge and posthumously acquitted after Stalin's death. Early life and World War I Batorsky was born on 25 January 1890 in Saint Petersburg, the son of an officer and a member of the nobility. In 1909, he graduated from the Page Corps with honors and became a cornet on 6 August, serving in Her Majesty's Lifeguard Cuirassier Regiment. On 6 August 1913 he was promoted to lieutenant. In 1914, Batorsky graduated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Žanis Bahs
Žanis Bahs (also Žanis Bachs; 1885–1941) was a Latvian general. He fought in World War I and later in the Latvian War of Independence, where he commanded a division in the Republic of Latvia. After the Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940 Bahs was arrested and shot by Soviet authorities. Early life Žanis Bahs was born on 6 October 1885 in the Gaiķi Parish, Courland Governorate as an innkeeper's son. He studied at the commercial school in Riga and later started metallurgy studies at St. Petersburg Polytechnical Institute. In 1912 he was drafted into the Russian Imperial Army and served in the 170th infantry regiment. He graduated the school of ''praporschik'' in 1913. World War I After the start of the First World War Bahs served in the 174th and 540th infantry regiments. In December 1916, he was transferred to the Latvian Rifleman units and served in 2nd Riga Latvian rifleman regiment. After the Christmas Battles he was transferred back to the 540th infantry regiment ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Artur Artuzov
Artur Khristyanovich Artuzov (name at birth: Artur Eugene Leonard Fraucci) (russian: Арту́р Христиа́нович Арту́зов (), (18 February 1891 – 21 August 1937) was a leading figure in the Soviet international intelligence and counter-intelligence and security officer and spymaster of the Soviet Union in the 1920s and 1930s. Early life Artuzov's father was Italian-Swiss and employed as a cheesemaker; his mother was Estonian-Latvian. Artuzov studied metallurgy at St. Petersburg Polytechnical Institute. Since childhood he was familiar with the Bolshevik revolutionaries Nikolai Podvoisky and Mikhail Kedrov, who were the husbands of his mother's sisters. He started distributing illegal revolutionary literature as a teenager in 1906. In May 1909 he graduated with a gold medal from the Novgorod classical men's gymnasium and entered the metallurgical department of the Petrograd Polytechnic Institute, from which he graduated with honors in February 1917, after w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
