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Kolokol (magazine)
''Kolokol'' (russian: Колоколъ, lit. 'bell') was the first Russian censorship-free weekly newspaper in Russian and French languages, published by Alexander Herzen and Nikolai Ogaryov in London (1857–1865) and Geneva (1865–1867). It had a circulation of up to 2500 copies. Despite being banned in Russia, it was well known and had a significant influence on the reformist and revolutionary movements of the 1860s. Initially the publishers viewed ''Kolokol'' as a supplement (прибавочные листы) to a literary and socio-political almanac '' Polyarnaya Zvezda'' (Polar Star), but it soon became the leader of the Russian censorship-free press. The newspapers '' Pod sud'' (To Trial; 1859–1862) and '' Obshcheye veche'' (General Veche; 1862–1864) were published as supplements to ''Kolokol''. At ''Kolokols base was a theory of Russian peasant socialism, elaborated by Herzen. Its political platform included democratic demands for liberation of peasants with land ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eighth of Earth's inhabitable landmass. Russia extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones and shares Borders of Russia, land boundaries with fourteen countries, more than List of countries and territories by land borders, any other country but China. It is the List of countries and dependencies by population, world's ninth-most populous country and List of European countries by population, Europe's most populous country, with a population of 146 million people. The country's capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city is Moscow, the List of European cities by population within city limits, largest city entirely within E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
January Uprising
The January Uprising ( pl, powstanie styczniowe; lt, 1863 metų sukilimas; ua, Січневе повстання; russian: Польское восстание; ) was an insurrection principally in Russia's Kingdom of Poland that was aimed at the restoration of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It began on 22 January 1863 and continued until the last insurgents were captured by the Russian forces in 1864. It was the longest-lasting insurgency in partitioned Poland. The conflict engaged all levels of society and arguably had profound repercussions on contemporary international relations and ultimately provoked a social and ideological paradigm shift in national events that went on to have a decisive influence on the subsequent development of Polish society. A confluence of factors rendered the uprising inevitable in early 1863. The Polish nobility and urban bourgeois circles longed for the semi-autonomous status they had enjoyed in Congress Poland before the previous insur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Land And Liberty (Poland)
Land and liberty or land and freedom () may refer to: Revolutionary campaigns * Land and liberty (slogan) (''Tierra y Libertad'', ''Земля и Воля'', ''Zemlya i Volya''), a revolutionary slogan for freedom from landowners associated with the Russian and Mexican Revolutions * Land and Liberty (Russia) (''Zemlya i volya''), a 19th-century Russian revolutionary secret society * Land and Liberty (Poland), a 19th-century Russian campaign for Polish independence Military * Land and Freedom Column, Republican (anarchist) militia unit that fought in the Spanish Civil War * Kenya Land and Freedom Army, 1950s guerilla army also known as the Mau Mau Publications * ''Land&Liberty'', a quarterly magazine published by the Henry George Foundation of Great Britain * ''Land and Liberty'' (newspaper), a defunct US anarchist periodical published circa 1914 to 1915 * ''Tierra y Libertad'' (newspaper), Spanish anarchist newspaper in the early 20th century (from 1930 published by Federació ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emancipation Reform Of 1861
The emancipation reform of 1861 in Russia, also known as the Edict of Emancipation of Russia, (russian: Крестьянская реформа 1861 года, translit=Krestyanskaya reforma 1861 goda – "peasants' reform of 1861") was the first and most important of the liberal reforms enacted during the reign (1855–1881) of Emperor Alexander II of Russia. The reform effectively abolished serfdom throughout the Russian Empire. The 1861 Emancipation Manifesto proclaimed the emancipation of the serfs on private estates and of the domestic (household) serfs. By this edict more than 23 million people received their liberty.Mee, Arthur; Hammerton, J.A.; Innes, Arthur D.; Harmsworth History of the World: Volume 7', 1907, Carmelite House, London; p. 5193. Serfs gained the full rights of free citizens, including rights to marry without having to gain consent, to own property and to own a business. The Manifesto prescribed that peasants would be able to buy the land from the landlords ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ivan Turgenev
Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev (; rus, links=no, Ива́н Серге́евич Турге́невIn Turgenev's day, his name was written ., p=ɪˈvan sʲɪrˈɡʲe(j)ɪvʲɪtɕ tʊrˈɡʲenʲɪf; 9 November 1818 – 3 September 1883 (Old Style dates: 28 October 1818 – 22 August 1883) was a Russian novelist, short story writer, poet, playwright, translator and popularizer of Russian literature in the West. His first major publication, a short story collection titled ''A Sportsman's Sketches'' (1852), was a milestone of Russian realism. His novel '' Fathers and Sons'' (1862) is regarded as one of the major works of 19th-century fiction. Life Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev was born in Oryol (modern-day Oryol Oblast, Russia) to noble Russian parents Sergei Nikolaevich Turgenev (1793–1834), a colonel in the Russian cavalry who took part in the Patriotic War of 1812, and Varvara Petrovna Turgeneva (née Lutovinova; 1787–1850). His father belonged to an old, but impoverished Turge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Koshelyov
Alexander Ivanovich Koshelev (russian: Александр Иванович Кошелев; 21 May 1806 – 24 November 1883) was a Russian journalist, publicist, publisher and state official. A staunch Slavophile, Koshelev published numerous essays, mostly on economics. In the late 1850s he authored one of the several alternative land reform projects which the Russian government had to consider before embarking upon the Emancipation reform of 1861. In 1856 Koshelev started publishing the magazine '' Russkaya Beseda'' and two years later became its editor. Later, he published the Moscow journals '' Beseda'' (1871—1872, edited by Sergey Yuriev) and (in 1880—1882) ''Zemstvo'' (edited by Vasily Skalon), both projecting the Slavophile views upon the agricultural issues and supporting the concept of obshchina as a true foundation for the Russian rural community. Koshelev worked for several governmental offices, in the Moscow and Ryazan Governorates, but also in Poland (then part ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yuri Samarin
Yuri Fyodorovich Samarin (russian: Ю́рий Фёдорович Сама́рин; May 3, 1819, Saint Petersburg – March 31, 1876, Berlin) was a leading Russian Slavophile thinker and one of the architects of the Emancipation reform of 1861. He came from a noble family and befriended Konstantin Aksakov from an early age. An ardent admirer of Hegel and Khomyakov, Samarin attended the Moscow University, where his teachers included Mikhail Pogodin. He came to believe that "Orthodoxy, and Orthodoxy alone, is a religion which philosophy can recognize" and that "the Orthodox church cannot exist apart from Hegel's philosophy". Samarin's dissertation was a study of Feofan Prokopovich's influence on the Russian Orthodox Church. He later joined the government service and settled in Riga, where the well entrenched influence of Baltic German nobility exasperated him to such a degree that he urged the government to step up Russification activities in the region. This outburst of chauvinis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ivan Aksakov
Ivan Sergeyevich Aksakov (russian: Ива́н Серге́евич Акса́ков; , village Nadezhdino, Belebeyevsky Uyezd, Orenburg Governorate – , Moscow) was a Russian littérateur and notable Slavophile. Biography Aksakov was born in the village of Nadezhdino (then Orenburg Governorate, now Bashkiria), into a family of prominent Russian writer Sergey Timofeevich Aksakov (1791—1859) and his wife Olga Semyonovna Zaplatina (1793—1878). His mother was the daughter of Major General Semyon Grigorievich Zaplatina and a captured Turkish woman. The third son of eleven children,The Aksakovs The Arzamas Branch. Brief Biographies of the famous Aksakovs. he was a younger brother of the writers Konstatin and |
Lev Mechnikov
Lev Mechnikov (French: Léon Metchnikoff; 30 May 1838 – 30 June 1888) was an anarchist geographer. Born in Saint Petersburg, Russia on May 30, 1838, he fought in Garibaldi's army and met Mikhail Bakunin in 1864. Metchnikoff lived in Geneva for ten years and Japan for two. Upon his return, he lectured on Japan and collaborated with Elisée Reclus on the ''New Universal Geography''. Metchnikoff taught statistics and comparative geography at the Academy of Neuchâtel from 1883 to 1887, when he grew ill. He died in Clarens, Switzerland, on June 30, 1888. Léon was the elder brother of the Nobel Prize laureate Élie Metchnikoff Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov (russian: Илья Ильич Мечников; – 15 July 1916), also spelled Élie Metchnikoff, was a Russian zoologist best known for his pioneering research in immunology. Belkin, a Russian science historian, explains .... Works * ''The Japanese Empire'' (1881) * ''Civilization and the Great Historical Rivers'' (1889) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nikolai Utin
Nikolai Isaakovitch Utin (, French: Nicolas Outine; 8 August 1841 – 1 December 1883) was a Russian socialist and revolutionary. He spent most of his adult life in Switzerland, where he participated in the founding of the Russian section of the International Workingmen's Association. In the conflict between Mikhail Bakunin and Karl Marx, he supported Marx, and through his involvement with Geneva journals ''Narodnoye delo'' and ''l'Égalité'' as a writer and editor, he played an important role in increasing support for Marx at Bakunin's expense. Career Nikolai Utin was born 8 August 1841 in Kherson in the Russian Empire (now Ukraine). His father, a Russian merchant, was a Jewish convert to Russian Orthodoxy. Utin and his siblings were involved in the student movement of the 1860s in Saint Petersburg. When the government placed restrictions on students in 1861 in an attempt to control the spread of Russian nihilist movement, nihilist radicalism in universities, Nikolai encourag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
