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Kohlberg (Fichtelgebirge)
The Kohlberg is a forested mountain made of quartz phyllite in northeast Bavaria, south of Arzberg (Upper Franconia). Its summit is high and it is one of the highest mountains in the Fichtelgebirge range. History Its name comes from the old ''Kohlenmeilern'' (wood piles) used to produce charcoal for iron smelters in the Arzberg. The mountain was jocularly called the ''Zuckerhut'' (sugar hat), due to the smuggling of sugar over the old border between Bavaria and Prussia. Structures On the summit is the ''Waldenfelswarte'' observation post and a refuge hut belonging to the Fichtelgebirge Club (not manned). At its southwestern foot lies the Feisnitz Reservoir and, to the northwest, the Röslau flows around the mountain. Maps *Fritsch Wanderkarte 1:50.000 Fichtelgebirge The Fichtel MountainsRandlesome, C. et al. (2011). ''Business Cultures in Europe'', 2nd ed., Routledge, Abingdon and New York, p. 52. . (german: Fichtelgebirge, cs, Smrčiny), form a small horseshoe- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fichtelgebirge
The Fichtel MountainsRandlesome, C. et al. (2011). ''Business Cultures in Europe'', 2nd ed., Routledge, Abingdon and New York, p. 52. . (german: Fichtelgebirge, cs, Smrčiny), form a small horseshoe-shaped mountain range in northeastern Bavaria, Germany. They extend from the valley of the Red Main River to the Czech border, a few foothills spilling over into the Czech Republic. They continue in a northeasterly direction as the Elster Mountains, and in a southeasterly direction as the Upper Palatine Forest. The Fichtel Mountains contain an important nature park, the Fichtel Mountain Nature Park, with an area of . Etymology The first person to write about the Fichtel Mountains, Matthias of Kemnath (actually Matthias Widmann, born 23 February 1429 in Kemnath) reported in 1476: ''Ein bergk, hoch, weitt, wolbekant ligt in Beiern, gnant der Fichtelberg'' ("A mountain, high, wide and well-known, lies in Bavaria, known as the Fichtelberg"). In descriptions of the border in 1499 and 15 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smuggling
Smuggling is the illegal transportation of objects, substances, information or people, such as out of a house or buildings, into a prison, or across an international border, in violation of applicable laws or other regulations. There are various motivations to smuggle. These include the participation in illegal trade, such as in the drug trade, illegal weapons trade, prostitution, human trafficking, kidnapping, exotic wildlife trade, art theft, heists, chop shops, illegal immigration or illegal emigration, tax evasion, import/export restrictions, providing contraband to prison inmates, or the theft of the items being smuggled. Smuggling is a common theme in literature, from Bizet's opera ''Carmen'' to the James Bond spy books (and later films) '' Diamonds Are Forever'' and '' Goldfinger''. Etymology The verb ''smuggle'', from Low German ''smuggeln'' or Dutch ''smokkelen'' (="to transport (goods) illegally"), apparently a frequentative formation of a word meaning "to sneak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mountains Of The Fichtelgebirge
A mountain is an elevated portion of the Earth's crust, generally with steep sides that show significant exposed bedrock. Although definitions vary, a mountain may differ from a plateau in having a limited summit area, and is usually higher than a hill, typically rising at least 300 metres (1,000 feet) above the surrounding land. A few mountains are isolated summits, but most occur in mountain ranges. Mountains are formed through tectonic forces, erosion, or volcanism, which act on time scales of up to tens of millions of years. Once mountain building ceases, mountains are slowly leveled through the action of weathering, through slumping and other forms of mass wasting, as well as through erosion by rivers and glaciers. High elevations on mountains produce colder climates than at sea level at similar latitude. These colder climates strongly affect the ecosystems of mountains: different elevations have different plants and animals. Because of the less hospitable terrain and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Steinwald
The Steinwald is a mountain range up to in southern Germany and, at the same time, a nature park (''Steinwald Nature Park'') founded in 1970 with an area of in the province of Upper Palatinate, in North Bavaria. Geography Geographical location The Steinwald lies south of the Upper Franconian county town of Marktredwitz and north of Erbendorf in the district of Tirschenreuth. The Steinwald is separated from the Fichtelgebirge to the northwest by the Waldershof trough (''Waldershofer Senke'') and from the Upper Palatine Forest to the southeast by the Waldnaab-Wondreb-trough. Mountains and hills The mountains and hills in the range and in the Steinwald Nature Park include the following − in order of height in metres (m) above sea level (NN): Geology Like the Fichtelgebirge, the Steinwald consists mainly of granite. In the south and east it is surrounded by a basalt landscape of ''Kuppen'' - gentle, rounded summits - ( Kemnather Land, Nördlicher Steinwald), wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Röslau (river)
The Röslau or Rösla ( cs, Reslava) is a right-hand tributary of the river Eger in northeast Bavaria in Germany. It is formed from several small tributaries that come together on the eastern slope of the Schneeberg west of the Vordorf Mill (''Vordorfermühle'') at Trostau in the Russel forest division. Spring tapping A spring, impounded by granite rocks, was tapped by the town of Wunsiedel in 1930 at a height of . The source is the start point of the 44 km long Röslau Path, which was created in 1980 by Fichtelgebirge Club. The Seenweg path from Weißenstädter See to the Fichtelsee runs past the spring. Course After leaving the steep slopes and high forest on the Schneeberg the Röslau runs past the Vordorf Mill, turns initially southeast to Leupoldsdorf and Tröstau, grazes Wunsiedel and swings gradually in an easterly and northeasterly direction. Along the way it picks up numerous brooks from the region of the Platte, Hohe Matze and Kösseine. Near Thölau th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Feisnitz Reservoir
The Feisnitz is a river in Bavaria, Germany. It flows into the Röslau near Arzberg. See also *List of rivers of Bavaria A list of rivers of Bavaria, Germany: A * Aalbach *Abens * Ach * Afferbach * Affinger Bach * Ailsbach *Aisch * Aiterach *Alpbach *Alster * Altmühl *Alz * Amper * Anlauter * Arbach * Arbachgraben *Aschaff * Aschbach * Attel * Aubach, tributary of ... Rivers of Bavaria Rivers of Germany {{Bavaria-river-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fichtelgebirge Club
The Fichtelgebirge Club (german: Fichtelgebirgsverein or ''FGV'') is a large walking club and local heritage society in Bavaria and recognised conservation group with 20,000 members in 55 local groups. As the name says, its main sphere of activity is in the Fichtelgebirge mountains in north Bavaria. Its emblem is the Arctic starflower (the ''Siebenstern''). Address Headquarters: Theresienstraße 2, 95632 Wunsiedel in the Haus des Fichtelgebirgsvereins (near the Marktplatz/Rathaus); Expertise and service centre for hiking, paths, conservation, culture and local history; regional specialist library.; FGV Shop; conference and exhibition rooms. Club aims The aims of the club are the fostering of hiking, training of hiking guides, marking of footpaths, construction and maintenance of rock climbing facilities, observation towers and accommodation facilities, conservation work and support, landscape conservation, support of local culture, monument protection, running the Fichtelgebirge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prussia
Prussia, , Old Prussian: ''Prūsa'' or ''Prūsija'' was a German state on the southeast coast of the Baltic Sea. It formed the German Empire under Prussian rule when it united the German states in 1871. It was ''de facto'' dissolved by an emergency decree transferring powers of the Prussian government to German Chancellor Franz von Papen in 1932 and ''de jure'' by an Allied decree in 1947. For centuries, the House of Hohenzollern ruled Prussia, expanding its size with the Prussian Army. Prussia, with its capital at Königsberg and then, when it became the Kingdom of Prussia in 1701, Berlin, decisively shaped the history of Germany. In 1871, Prussian Minister-President Otto von Bismarck united most German principalities into the German Empire under his leadership, although this was considered to be a "Lesser Germany" because Austria and Switzerland were not included. In November 1918, the monarchies were abolished and the nobility lost its political power during the Ger ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sugar
Sugar is the generic name for sweet-tasting, soluble carbohydrates, many of which are used in food. Simple sugars, also called monosaccharides, include glucose, fructose, and galactose. Compound sugars, also called disaccharides or double sugars, are molecules made of two bonded monosaccharides; common examples are sucrose (glucose + fructose), lactose (glucose + galactose), and maltose (two molecules of glucose). White sugar is a refined form of sucrose. In the body, compound sugars are hydrolysed into simple sugars. Longer chains of monosaccharides (>2) are not regarded as sugars, and are called oligosaccharides or polysaccharides. Starch is a glucose polymer found in plants, the most abundant source of energy in human food. Some other chemical substances, such as glycerol and sugar alcohols, may have a sweet taste, but are not classified as sugar. Sugars are found in the tissues of most plants. Honey and fruits are abundant natural sources of simple sugars. Suc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arzberg (Oberfranken)
Arzberg () is a town in the district of Wunsiedel, in Bavaria, Germany. It is situated 13 km west of Cheb and 10 km northeast of Marktredwitz. History 19th century Porcelain was the driving force of the industrialisation in this region, since '' C. M. Hutschenreuther'' had discovered kaolin somewhat north of Arzberg and set up his production in Hohenberg an der Eger. In 1838, ''Lorenz Christoph Äcker'' asked for the permission to establish a first ''Porcellain-Fabrique'' in Arzberg which changed hands some times until, in 1884, it was acquired by ''Carl Auvera'' (1856-1914), a grandson of C. M. Hutschenreuther, and finally by the ''C. M. Hutschenreuther Hutschenreuther is the name of a German family that established the production of porcelain in northern Bavaria, starting in 1814. History The Hutschenreuther porcelain business was founded in 1814 by Carolus Magnus Hutschenreuther (1794–1845 ... AG'', in 1919. In 1876, ''Heinrich Schumann'' established the se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bavaria
Bavaria ( ; ), officially the Free State of Bavaria (german: Freistaat Bayern, link=no ), is a state in the south-east of Germany. With an area of , Bavaria is the largest German state by land area, comprising roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany. With over 13 million inhabitants, it is second in population only to North Rhine-Westphalia, but due to its large size its population density is below the German average. Bavaria's main cities are Munich (its capital and largest city and also the third largest city in Germany), Nuremberg, and Augsburg. The history of Bavaria includes its earliest settlement by Iron Age Celtic tribes, followed by the conquests of the Roman Empire in the 1st century BC, when the territory was incorporated into the provinces of Raetia and Noricum. It became the Duchy of Bavaria (a stem duchy) in the 6th century AD following the collapse of the Western Roman Empire. It was later incorporated into the Holy Roman Empire, became an ind ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smelter
Smelting is a process of applying heat to ore, to extract a base metal. It is a form of extractive metallurgy. It is used to extract many metals from their ores, including Silver mining#Ore processing, silver, iron-making, iron, copper extraction, copper, and other base metals. Smelting uses heat and a chemical reducing agent to decompose the ore, driving off other elements as gases or slag and leaving the metal base behind. The reducing agent is commonly a fossil fuel source of carbon, such as coke (fuel), coke—or, in earlier times, charcoal. The oxygen in the ore binds to carbon at high temperatures due to the Chemical energy, lower potential energy of the bonds in carbon dioxide (). Smelting most prominently takes place in a blast furnace to produce pig iron, which is converted into steel. The carbon source acts as a chemical reactant to remove oxygen from the ore, yielding the purified metal Chemical element, element as a product. The carbon source is oxidized in two stage ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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