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King Effect
In statistics, economics, and econophysics, the king effect is the phenomenon in which the top one or two members of a ranked set show up as clear outliers. These top one or two members are unexpectedly large because they do not conform to the statistical distribution or rank-distribution which the remainder of the set obeys. Distributions typically followed include the power-law distribution, that is a basis for the stretched exponential function,"The individual success of musicians, like that of physicists, follows a stretch exponential" J.A. Davies and |
Rank Order Countries
Rank is the relative position, value, worth, complexity, power, importance, authority, level, etc. of a person or object within a ranking, such as: Level or position in a hierarchical organization * Academic rank * Diplomatic rank * Hierarchy * Hierarchy of the Catholic Church * Military rank * Police ranks of the United States * Ranking member, S politicsthe most senior member of a committee from the minority party, and thus second-most senior member of a committee * Imperial, royal and noble ranks Level or position in society * Social class * Social position * Social status Places * Rank, Iran, a village * Rank, Nepal, a village development committee People * Rank (surname), a list of people with the name Arts, entertainment, and media Music * ''Rank'' (album), a live album by the Smiths * "Rank", a song by Artwork from '' A Bugged Out Mix'' Other arts, entertainment, and media * Rank (chess), a row of the chessboard * ''Rank'' (film), a short film directed by David Y ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parabolic Fractal Distribution
In probability and statistics, the parabolic fractal distribution is a type of discrete probability distribution in which the logarithm of the frequency or size of entities in a population is a quadratic polynomial of the logarithm of the rank (with the largest example having rank 1). This can markedly improve the fit over a simple power-law relationship (see references below). In the Laherrère/Deheuvels paper below, examples include galaxy sizes (ordered by luminosity), towns (in the USA, France, and world), spoken languages (by number of speakers) in the world, and oil fields in the world (by size). They also mention utility for this distribution in fitting seismic events (no example). The authors assert the advantage of this distribution is that it can be fitted using the largest known examples of the population being modeled, which are often readily available and complete, then the fitted parameters found can be used to compute the size of the entire population. So, for exampl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Didier Sornette
Didier Sornette (born June 25, 1957 in Paris) is a French researcher studying subjects including complex systems and risk management. He is Professor on the Chair of Entrepreneurial Risks at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich) and is also a professor of the Swiss Finance Institute, He was previously a Professor of Geophysics at UCLA, Los Angeles California (1996–2006) and a Research Professor at the French National Centre for Scientific Research (1981–2006). Theory of earthquakes and fault networks With his long-time collaborator Dr. Guy Ouillon, Sornette has been leading a research group on the “Physics of earthquakes” over the last 25 years. The group is active in the modelling of earthquakes, landslides, and other natural hazards, combining concepts and tools from statistical physics, statistics, tectonics, seismology and more. First located at the Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics (University of Nice, France), then at the Earth and Sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Countries And Dependencies By Population
This is a list of countries and dependencies by population. It includes sovereign states, inhabited dependent territory, dependent territories and, in some cases, constituent countries of sovereign states, with inclusion within the list being primarily based on the International Organization for Standardization, ISO standard ISO 3166-1. For instance, the United Kingdom is considered a single entity, while the constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands are considered separately. In addition, this list includes certain list of states with limited recognition, states with limited recognition not found in ISO 3166-1. Also given in a percentage is each country's population compared with the world population, which the United Nations estimates at 7.954 billion . Method Figures used in this chart are based on the most up-to-date estimates or population projection, projections by the national census authority, where available, and are usually rounded off. Where updated n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Cities In Thailand
Thailand divides its settlements (''thesaban'') into three categories by size: cities (''thesaban nakhon''), towns (''thesaban mueang'') and townships (or subdistrict municipality) (''thesaban tambon''). There are 32 cities as of January 2015. The national capital Bangkok and the special governed city Pattaya fall outside these divisions. They are "self-governing districts". Several agencies issue population figures. Locally registered Thai populations as compiled by the Department of Local Administration (DLA), also known as, "Locally Registered Thai Population". These figures reflect the migrant, upcountry, and seasonal nature of Thai labor flows to the capital and tourist hot spots, yet maintain upcountry registration. Figures are very different from those by National Statistics Office (NSO), which conduct the decennial census counts that attempt to count total resident Thai population + under 1,000 permanent resident foreigners ("Total Thai Population"). Neither of these of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bangkok
Bangkok, officially known in Thai language, Thai as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon and colloquially as Krung Thep, is the capital and most populous city of Thailand. The city occupies in the Chao Phraya River delta in central Thailand and has an estimated population of 10.539 million as of 2020, 15.3 percent of the country's population. Over 14 million people (22.2 percent) lived within the surrounding Bangkok Metropolitan Region at the 2010 census, making Bangkok an extreme primate city, dwarfing Thailand's other urban centres in both size and importance to the national economy. Bangkok traces its roots to a small trading post during the Ayutthaya Kingdom in the 15th century, which eventually grew and became the site of two capital cities, Thonburi Kingdom, Thonburi in 1768 and Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932), Rattanakosin in 1782. Bangkok was at the heart of the modernization of Siam, later renamed Thailand, during the late-19th century, as the country faced pressures from the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Primate City
A primate city is a city that is the largest in its country, province, Federated state, state, or region, and disproportionately larger than any others in the urban hierarchy. A ''primate city distribution'' is a rank-size distribution that has one very large city with many much smaller cities and towns, and no intermediate-sized urban centers: a king effect, visible as an outlier on an otherwise linear graph, when the rest of the data fit a power law or stretched exponential function. The ''law of the primate city'' was first proposed by the geographer Mark Jefferson (geographer), Mark Jefferson in 1939. He defines a primate city as being "at least twice as large as the next largest city and more than twice as significant." Aside from size and population, a primate city will usually have precedence in all other aspects of its country's society such as economics, politics, culture, and education. Primate cities also serve as targets for the majority of a country or region's intern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stretched Exponential Function
The stretched exponential function f_\beta (t) = e^ is obtained by inserting a fractional power law into the exponential function. In most applications, it is meaningful only for arguments between 0 and +∞. With , the usual exponential function is recovered. With a ''stretching exponent'' ''β'' between 0 and 1, the graph of log ''f'' versus ''t'' is characteristically ''stretched'', hence the name of the function. The compressed exponential function (with ) has less practical importance, with the notable exception of , which gives the normal distribution. In mathematics, the stretched exponential is also known as the complementary cumulative Weibull distribution. The stretched exponential is also the characteristic function, basically the Fourier transform, of the Lévy symmetric alpha-stable distribution. In physics, the stretched exponential function is often used as a phenomenological description of relaxation in disordered systems. It was first introduced by Rudo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Statistics
Statistics (from German language, German: ''wikt:Statistik#German, Statistik'', "description of a State (polity), state, a country") is the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data. In applying statistics to a scientific, industrial, or social problem, it is conventional to begin with a statistical population or a statistical model to be studied. Populations can be diverse groups of people or objects such as "all people living in a country" or "every atom composing a crystal". Statistics deals with every aspect of data, including the planning of data collection in terms of the design of statistical survey, surveys and experimental design, experiments.Dodge, Y. (2006) ''The Oxford Dictionary of Statistical Terms'', Oxford University Press. When census data cannot be collected, statisticians collect data by developing specific experiment designs and survey sample (statistics), samples. Representative sampling as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Power Law
In statistics, a power law is a Function (mathematics), functional relationship between two quantities, where a Relative change and difference, relative change in one quantity results in a proportional relative change in the other quantity, independent of the initial size of those quantities: one quantity varies as a Exponentiation, power of another. For instance, considering the area of a square in terms of the length of its side, if the length is doubled, the area is multiplied by a factor of four. Empirical examples The distributions of a wide variety of physical, biological, and man-made phenomena approximately follow a power law over a wide range of magnitudes: these include the sizes of craters on the moon and of solar flares, the foraging pattern of various species, the sizes of activity patterns of neuronal populations, the frequencies of words in most languages, frequencies of family names, the species richness in clades of organisms, the sizes of power outages, volcanic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rank–size Distribution
Rank–size distribution is the distribution of size by rank, in decreasing order of size. For example, if a data set consists of items of sizes 5, 100, 5, and 8, the rank-size distribution is 100, 8, 5, 5 (ranks 1 through 4). This is also known as the rank–frequency distribution, when the source data are from a frequency distribution. These are particularly of interest when the data vary significantly in scales, such as city size or word frequency. These distributions frequently follow a power law distribution, or less well-known ones such as a stretched exponential function or parabolic fractal distribution, at least approximately for certain ranges of ranks; see below. A rank-size distribution is not a probability distribution or cumulative distribution function. Rather, it is a discrete form of a quantile function (inverse cumulative distribution) in reverse order, giving the size of the element at a given rank. Simple rank–size distributions In the case of city popul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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