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Kayagar Languages
The Kayagar languages are a small family of four closely related Trans–New Guinea languages spoken around the Cook River of Indonesian New Guinea: * Atohwaim (Kaugat) * Gondu River **Yogo Yogo may refer to: *YOGO - a brand of sustainable yoga travel gear *YoGo - an Australian snack *Yogo sapphire - a variety of sapphire found in Yogo Gulch, Montana *Yogo, Shiga - a town in Japan *Yogo (yoga) - a children's exercise based on yoga feat ... ('Tamagario') ** Kayagar (Kaygir), Tamagario (Arare–Pagai) Proto-language Pronouns Usher (2020) reconstructs the pronouns as: : Basic vocabulary Some lexical reconstructions by Usher (2020) are: : Vocabulary comparison The following basic vocabulary words are from McElhanon & Voorhoeve (1970) and Voorhoeve (1971, 1975), as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database: : References External links * Timothy Usher, New Guinea WorldProto–Gondu River* (ibid.Atohwaim {{Papuan languages Languages of western New Guinea Cook River–Kolo ...
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Cook River (Papua)
Cook River may refer to: * Cook River / Weheka, on the south island of New Zealand * Cook River (Jacques-Cartier River tributary), in Jacques-Cartier National Park, Quebec, Canada * Cook River (Tobago), see List of rivers of Trinidad and Tobago See also * Cooks River The Cooks River, a semi-mature tide-dominated drowned valley estuary, is a tributary of Botany Bay, located in south-eastern Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The course of the long urban waterway has been altered to accommodate various deve ...
, a tributary of Botany Bay, New South Wales, Australia {{geodis ...
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New Guinea
New Guinea (; Hiri Motu Hiri Motu, also known as Police Motu, Pidgin Motu, or just Hiri, is a language of Papua New Guinea, which is spoken in surrounding areas of Port Moresby (Capital of Papua New Guinea). It is a simplified version of Motu, from the Austronesian l ...: ''Niu Gini''; id, Papua, or , historically ) is the List of islands by area, world's second-largest island with an area of . Located in Oceania in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, the island is separated from Mainland Australia, Australia by the wide Torres Strait, though both landmasses lie on the same continental shelf. Numerous smaller islands are located to the west and east. The eastern half of the island is the major land mass of the independent state of Papua New Guinea. The western half, known as Western New Guinea, forms a part of Indonesia and is organized as the provinces of Papua (province), Papua, Central Papua, Highland Papua, South Papua, Southwest Papua, and West Papua (province), West ...
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Trans–New Guinea Languages
Trans–New Guinea (TNG) is an extensive family of Papuan languages spoken on the island of New Guinea and neighboring islands ‒ corresponding to the country Papua New Guinea as well as parts of Indonesia. Trans–New Guinea is the third-largest language family in the world by number of languages. The core of the family is considered to be established, but its boundaries and overall membership are uncertain. The languages are spoken by around 3 million people. There have been three main proposals as to its internal classification. History of the proposal Although Papuan languages for the most part are poorly documented, several of the branches of Trans–New Guinea have been recognized for some time. The Eleman languages were first proposed by S. Ray in 1907, parts of Marind were recognized by Ray and JHP Murray in 1918, and the Rai Coast languages in 1919, again by Ray. The precursor of the Trans–New Guinea family was Stephen Wurm's 1960 proposal of an East New Guinea ...
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Language Family
A language family is a group of languages related through descent from a common ''ancestral language'' or ''parental language'', called the proto-language of that family. The term "family" reflects the tree model of language origination in historical linguistics, which makes use of a metaphor comparing languages to people in a biological family tree, or in a subsequent modification, to species in a phylogenetic tree of evolutionary taxonomy. Linguists therefore describe the ''daughter languages'' within a language family as being ''genetically related''. According to '' Ethnologue'' there are 7,151 living human languages distributed in 142 different language families. A living language is defined as one that is the first language of at least one person. The language families with the most speakers are: the Indo-European family, with many widely spoken languages native to Europe (such as English and Spanish) and South Asia (such as Hindi and Bengali); and the Sino-Tibetan famil ...
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Atohwaim Language
Atohwaim (''Amathamit, Athokhin, Kaugat, Yagamit'') is a Papuan language spoken in Pantai Kasuari District, Asmat Regency, South Papua South Papua, officially the South Papua Province ( id, Provinsi Papua Selatan), is an Indonesian province located in the southern portion of Papua, following the borders of Papuan customary region of Anim Ha. Formally established on 11 November 2 ..., Indonesia. References External links * Timothy Usher, New Guinea WorldAtohwaim Languages of western New Guinea Kayagar languages {{papuan-lang-stub ...
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Yogo Language
Tamagario is a Papuan language of Mappi Regency, South Papua South Papua, officially the South Papua Province ( id, Provinsi Papua Selatan), is an Indonesian province located in the southern portion of Papua, following the borders of Papuan customary region of Anim Ha. Formally established on 11 November 2 ..., Indonesia. It is spoken in: *Haju District: Arare, Kerke, Pagai Villages *Mambioman Bapai District: Tereyemu, Magabag Villages Yogo is considered a dialect of Tamagario but may be a distinct language. References Languages of western New Guinea Kayagar languages {{papuan-lang-stub ...
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Kayagar Language
Kayagar (Kajagar, Kaygi, Kaygir, Wiyagar) is a Papuan language spoken in South Papua. ''Wiyagar'' is spoken in Sigare Village, Kaitok Village and Yame Village in Assue District, Mappi Regency, While ''Kaigar'' is spoken in Amagais Village, Der Koumur District, Asmat Regency Asmat Regency is a regency (''kabupaten'') in the northern portion of the Indonesian province of South Papua. It was split off from Merauke Regency (of which it had been a part) on 12 November 2002. Asmat Regency consists of an area of 31,983.44& .... Further reading *Kriens, Ron, Randy Lebold and Jacqualine Menanti. 2011. Report on the Haju Subdistrict Survey in Papua, Indonesia'. SIL International. *Krosschell, J. M. 1961. ''Samenvattend rapport over de detacheringsperiode aan de Casuarinenkust (Afdeling zuid-Nieuw-Guinea) ummary report of the period of duty on the Casuarina Coast (South New Guinea Division)'. Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, Ministerie van Koloniën: Kantoor Bevolkingszaken Nieuw-Guinea te H ...
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Tamagario Language
Tamagario is a Papuan language of Mappi Regency, South Papua South Papua, officially the South Papua Province ( id, Provinsi Papua Selatan), is an Indonesian province located in the southern portion of Papua, following the borders of Papuan customary region of Anim Ha. Formally established on 11 November 2 ..., Indonesia. It is spoken in: *Haju District: Arare, Kerke, Pagai Villages *Mambioman Bapai District: Tereyemu, Magabag Villages Yogo is considered a dialect of Tamagario but may be a distinct language. References Languages of western New Guinea Kayagar languages {{papuan-lang-stub ...
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Kayagar Languages
The Kayagar languages are a small family of four closely related Trans–New Guinea languages spoken around the Cook River of Indonesian New Guinea: * Atohwaim (Kaugat) * Gondu River **Yogo Yogo may refer to: *YOGO - a brand of sustainable yoga travel gear *YoGo - an Australian snack *Yogo sapphire - a variety of sapphire found in Yogo Gulch, Montana *Yogo, Shiga - a town in Japan *Yogo (yoga) - a children's exercise based on yoga feat ... ('Tamagario') ** Kayagar (Kaygir), Tamagario (Arare–Pagai) Proto-language Pronouns Usher (2020) reconstructs the pronouns as: : Basic vocabulary Some lexical reconstructions by Usher (2020) are: : Vocabulary comparison The following basic vocabulary words are from McElhanon & Voorhoeve (1970) and Voorhoeve (1971, 1975), as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database: : References External links * Timothy Usher, New Guinea WorldProto–Gondu River* (ibid.Atohwaim {{Papuan languages Languages of western New Guinea Cook River–Kolo ...
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Languages Of Western New Guinea
Language is a structured system of communication. The structure of a language is its grammar and the free components are its vocabulary. Languages are the primary means by which humans communicate, and may be conveyed through a variety of methods, including spoken, sign, and written language. Many languages, including the most widely-spoken ones, have writing systems that enable sounds or signs to be recorded for later reactivation. Human language is highly variable between cultures and across time. Human languages have the properties of productivity and displacement, and rely on social convention and learning. Estimates of the number of human languages in the world vary between and . Precise estimates depend on an arbitrary distinction (dichotomy) established between languages and dialects. Natural languages are spoken, signed, or both; however, any language can be encoded into secondary media using auditory, visual, or tactile stimuli – for example, writing, whistl ...
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