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Katharina Reiß
Katharina Reiss (17 April 1923 – 16 April 2018) was a German linguist and translation scholar. Her works are important in the field of translation studies. She is widely seen as a co-founder of the Skopos theory. Life Katharina Reiss was born in Rheinhausen, a small town on the left bank of the Rhine, and across the river from Duisburg into which, for administrative purposes, it has subsequently been subsumed. She passed her school finals exam (''"Abitur"'' - loosely translated in English language sources as ''"diploma"'') in 1940 and went on to study between 1941 and 1944 at the Institute of Simultaneous Translation (''"Dolmetscher-Institut"'') of Heidelberg University, where she received her first degree as a "professional translator". She taught at the institute's Spanish department between 1944 and 1970. She combined her teaching work, between 1951 and 1954, with the study of Philology, receiving her doctorate in 1954 for a piece of work on the Spanish author-journalist L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Skopos Theory
Skopos theory (German: ''Skopostheorie''), a theory in the field of translation studies, employs the prime principle of a purposeful action that determines a translation strategy. The intentionality of a translational action stated in a translation brief, the directives, and the rules guide a translator to attain the expected target text translatum. Overview Background The theory first appeared in an article published by linguist Hans Josef Vermeer in the German Journal ''Lebende Sprachen'', 1978. As a realisation of James Holmesmap of Translation Studies(1972),, skopos theory is the core of the four approaches of German functionalist translation theory that emerged around the late twentieth century. They were part of the development of skopos theory contributed by scholars of translation studies, categorised into four stages: # Katharina Reiss'Functional Category 1971 # Hans Vermeer’s Skopos theory, 1978 # Justa-Holz Manttari'Theory of Translatorial Action 1981 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leopoldo Alas
Leopoldo Enrique García-Alas y Ureña (25 April 1852 – 13 June 1901), also known as Clarín, was a Spanish realist novelist born in Zamora. His inflammatory articles, known as ''paliques'' (“chitchat”), as well as his advocacy of liberalism and anti-clericalism, made him a formidable and controversial critical voice. He died in Oviedo. Biography Alas was born in Zamora, from Asturian parents who moved to that city. He spent his childhood living in León and Guadalajara, until he moved to Oviedo (Asturias) in 1863. There he studied for the ''Bachillerato'' (Secondary Education) and began his law studies. He lived in Madrid from 1871 to 1878, where he began his career as a journalist (adopting the pen-name "Clarín" in 1875) and he graduated with the thesis ''El Derecho y la Moralidad'' (''Law and Morality'') in 1878. He taught in Zaragoza from 1882 to 1883. In 1883 he returned to Oviedo to take up a position as professor of Roman law. Above all, Clarín is the autho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erroll , a Turkish male given name
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Erroll is an English male given name or surname that is synonymous to Earl. Notable people with the name include: *Earl of Erroll, Scottish title * Erroll M. Brown (born 1950), first USCG African-American admiral *Erroll Collins (1906–1991), British author *Erroll Fraser (1950–2002), ice speed skater *Erroll Garner (1923–1977), American jazz musician *Erroll Chunder Sen (c. 1899 – after 1941), Indian pilot in the Royal Flying Corps during the First World War *Frederick Erroll, 1st Baron Erroll of Hale (1914–2000), British Conservative politician See also *Errol (other) *Erol Erol is a Turkish given name or surname meaning "brave". This name is shared by the following people: Given name * Erol Alkan (born 1974), Turkish Cypriot DJ, artist and record producer * Erol Erdal Alkan (born 1994), Turkish footballer * Erol Bek ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organon Model
The organon model is a model of communication by German psychologist and linguist Karl Ludwig Bühler (1879 – 1963). It was published in German in 1934. and not translated into English until 1990. In it he defined the functions of communication according to which linguistic communication can be described. Bühler's work influenced the communication model of Roman Jakobson. Buhler's model also apparently influenced Lev Vygotsky who, in discussing memory and goal-directed learning, wrote: "According to K. Buhler, speech thinks for us." Bühler identified the following three communicative functions: * the ''expressive function'' (''Ausdrucksfunktion'') * the ''representation function'' (''Darstellungsfunktion'') * the ''conative function'' (''Appellfunktion'', i.e. appealing function). Background Karl Bühler used the ''Cratylus'' of Plato as the basis for his remarks. Here, Socrates refers to the word as an grc, ὄργανον, translit=órganon, lit=instrument, tool, organ, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karl Bühler
Karl Ludwig Bühler (27 May 1879 – 24 October 1963) was a German psychologist and linguist. In psychology he is known for his work in gestalt psychology, and he was one of the founders of the Würzburg School of psychology. In linguistics he is known for his organon model of communication and his treatment of deixis as a linguistic phenomenon. He was the dissertation advisor of Karl Popper. Early life and education Bühler was born in Meckesheim, Baden. In 1899 he started medical school at the University of Freiburg, where he received his doctorate in 1903. He continued working as an assistant, and started taking a second degree in psychology graduating in 1904. In 1906 he worked as an assistant professor at the University of Freiburg with von Kries, and as an assistant to Oswald Külpe at the University of Würzburg. Career In 1907 Bühler completed his Habilitation thesis at Würzburg, with the title ''Tatsachen und Probleme zu einer Psychologie der Denkvorgänge'' ("Fact ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hans Vermeer
Prof. Dr. h.c. Hans Josef Vermeer (24 September 1930 – 4 February 2010), was a German linguist and translation scholar. Vermeer was Professor of Linguistics at the University of Mainz in Germersheim and held a chair in Translation Studies at Heidelberg University. After his retirement, he became a visiting professor at national and international universities. In his final years, he returned to the universities of Mainz and Heidelberg. On 17 January 2010, just before his death, he was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of Mainz. Life and academic career Hans Vermeer was born in Iserlohn in 1930. In 1950 he completed his secondary education in the same town. That same year, he took up an undergraduate degree in English and Spanish translation at Heidelberg University, which he completed in 1952. In 1953, after spending some time in Portugal at the University of Lisbon, he obtained an undergraduate degree in Portuguese translation as well. A year later, he received ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Tampere
The University of Tampere (UTA) ( fi, Tampereen yliopisto (Tay), ) was a public university in Tampere, Finland that was merged with Tampere University of Technology to create the new Tampere University on 1 January 2019. The university offered undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral programmes with 20,178 degree students and 1,981 employees as of 2016. Founded in 1925 in Helsinki as the Civic College () and from 1930 onwards known as the School of Social Sciences (), the institution relocated to Tampere in 1960 and was renamed as the University of Tampere in 1966. In 2016, its budget was €184.6 million of which 59% was government funding. History The institution was established in 1925 as the Civic College in Helsinki teaching public administration, organisation management and journalism with an inaugural intake of 72 students. In 1930, a total of 195 students were enrolled at the college and its name was amended to the School of Social Sciences. Similarly, the institution's vo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Justa Holz-Mänttäri
Justa Holz-Mänttäri (born 1936) is a German-born Finnish translation scholar. She developed the Theory A theory is a rational type of abstract thinking about a phenomenon, or the results of such thinking. The process of contemplative and rational thinking is often associated with such processes as observational study or research. Theories may be s ... of Translatorial Action and the concept of "message carrier". Works * ''Translatorisches Handeln. Theorie und Methode''. Annales Academiae Scientarum Fennicae. Ser. B 226. Helsinki: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, 1984. . * "Textdesign - verantwortlich und gehirngerecht". In: Holz-Mänttäri, Justa/ Nord, Christiane, eds.: ''Traducere Navem. Festschrift für Katharina Reiß zum 70. Geburtstag''. Tampereen yliopisto, Tampere 1993, pages 301–320. . * "Evolutionäre Translationstheorie". In: Rupert Riedl and Manuela Delpos, eds. ''Die Evolutionäre Erkenntnistheorie im Spiegel del Wissenschaften''. Vienna: Wiener Universitätsverlag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Vienna
The University of Vienna (german: Universität Wien) is a public research university located in Vienna, Austria. It was founded by Duke Rudolph IV in 1365 and is the oldest university in the German-speaking world. With its long and rich history, the university has developed into one of the largest universities in Europe, and also one of the most renowned, especially in the Humanities. It is associated with 21 Nobel prize winners and has been the academic home to many scholars of historical as well as of academic importance. History From the Middle Ages to the Enlightenment The university was founded on March 12, 1365, by Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria, hence the name "Alma Mater Rudolphina". After the Charles University in Prague and Jagiellonian University in Kraków, the University of Vienna is the third oldest university in Central Europe and the oldest university in the contemporary German-speaking world; it remains a question of definition as the Charles University in Prague ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alsace
Alsace (, ; ; Low Alemannic German/ gsw-FR, Elsàss ; german: Elsass ; la, Alsatia) is a cultural region and a territorial collectivity in eastern France, on the west bank of the upper Rhine next to Germany and Switzerland. In 2020, it had a population of 1,898,533. Alsatian culture is characterized by a blend of Germanic and French influences. Until 1871, Alsace included the area now known as the Territoire de Belfort, which formed its southernmost part. From 1982 to 2016, Alsace was the smallest administrative ''région'' in metropolitan France, consisting of the Bas-Rhin and Haut-Rhin departments. Territorial reform passed by the French Parliament in 2014 resulted in the merger of the Alsace administrative region with Champagne-Ardenne and Lorraine to form Grand Est. On 1 January 2021, the departments of Bas-Rhin and Haut-Rhin merged into the new European Collectivity of Alsace but remained part of the region Grand Est. Alsatian is an Alemannic dialect closely related ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lauterbourg
Lauterbourg ( or ; ) (historically in English: Lauterburgh) is a Communes of France, commune and Bas-Rhin Departments of France, department in the Grand Est administrative region in north-eastern France. Situated on the Germany, German border and not far from the German city of Karlsruhe, it is the geography of France#Extreme points, easternmost commune in Metropolitan France (excluding the island of Corsica). The German town across the border is Neulauterburg. Geography Lauterbourg lies near the rivers Lauter (Rhine), Lauter and Rhine. The commune contains several small lakes in the flat land directly on the west of the Rhine, with which they connect. The commune is the confluence of more than one ecotone: an ecotone between river and agrisystem and one between agrisystem and the forest (Forêt du Bienwald), whose northern edge coincides with the Germany, German frontier. The commune is entirely set on the alluvium, alluvial land fronting the Rhine, but the foothills of the n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Germersheim
Germersheim () is a town in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, of around 20,000 inhabitants. It is also the seat of the Germersheim (district), Germersheim district. The neighboring towns and cities are Speyer, Landau, Philippsburg, Karlsruhe and Wörth am Rhein, Wörth. Coat of arms The coat of arms features a golden crowned eagle on a blue background. The eagle derives from the fact that, at one time the town was ruled directly by the emperor of Germany. History After his invasion of Gallia, Julius Caesar, Gaius Iulius Caesar made the Rhine river the border between the Roman Empire and Germania. Some small areas east of it were later invaded and added to the Roman province of Agri Decumates. As it was attacked more and more it was given up in the second half of the third century and a military camp was founded, named "''Vicus Iulii''" ("''Village of Julius''/''Julius' Village''). It was supported up to the fourth century. The first record of the name "Germersheim" is fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
