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Karmir Blur
Teishebaini (also Teshebani, modern Karmir Blur ( hy, Կարմիր Բլուր) referring more to the hill that the fortress is located upon) was the capital of the Transcaucasian provinces of the ancient kingdom of Urartu. It is located near the modern city of Yerevan in Armenia. The site was once a fortress and governmental centre with towered and buttressed perimeter walls, massive gates, a parade ground within its walls, and storage rooms that entirely occupied the ground floor. The site of the city, palace and citadel together measure over . The name ''Karmir Blur'' translates to "Red Hill" because of the hill's reddish hue. It became this color after the city was set on fire and the upper walls which were made of tuff fell and crumbled because of the heat. After the tuff was heated by the fire, it took on a more intense red color and therefore the hill became red. The lower portions of the walls were left standing after the fire since they were built with a stronger stone. Teis ...
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Karmir Blur
Teishebaini (also Teshebani, modern Karmir Blur ( hy, Կարմիր Բլուր) referring more to the hill that the fortress is located upon) was the capital of the Transcaucasian provinces of the ancient kingdom of Urartu. It is located near the modern city of Yerevan in Armenia. The site was once a fortress and governmental centre with towered and buttressed perimeter walls, massive gates, a parade ground within its walls, and storage rooms that entirely occupied the ground floor. The site of the city, palace and citadel together measure over . The name ''Karmir Blur'' translates to "Red Hill" because of the hill's reddish hue. It became this color after the city was set on fire and the upper walls which were made of tuff fell and crumbled because of the heat. After the tuff was heated by the fire, it took on a more intense red color and therefore the hill became red. The lower portions of the walls were left standing after the fire since they were built with a stronger stone. Teis ...
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Metallurgy
Metallurgy is a domain of materials science and engineering that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their inter-metallic compounds, and their mixtures, which are known as alloys. Metallurgy encompasses both the science and the technology of metals; that is, the way in which science is applied to the production of metals, and the engineering of metal components used in products for both consumers and manufacturers. Metallurgy is distinct from the craft of metalworking. Metalworking relies on metallurgy in a similar manner to how medicine relies on medical science for technical advancement. A specialist practitioner of metallurgy is known as a metallurgist. The science of metallurgy is further subdivided into two broad categories: chemical metallurgy and physical metallurgy. Chemical metallurgy is chiefly concerned with the reduction and oxidation of metals, and the chemical performance of metals. Subjects of study in chemical metallurgy include mi ...
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Tourist Attractions In Yerevan
Tourism is travel for pleasure or business; also the theory and practice of touring, the business of attracting, accommodating, and entertaining tourists, and the business of operating tours. The World Tourism Organization defines tourism more generally, in terms which go "beyond the common perception of tourism as being limited to holiday activity only", as people "travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure and not less than 24 hours, business and other purposes". Tourism can be domestic (within the traveller's own country) or international, and international tourism has both incoming and outgoing implications on a country's balance of payments. Tourism numbers declined as a result of a strong economic slowdown (the late-2000s recession) between the second half of 2008 and the end of 2009, and in consequence of the outbreak of the 2009 H1N1 influenza virus, but slowly recovered until the COVID-19 pa ...
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Forts In Armenia
A fortification is a military construction or building designed for the defense of territories in warfare, and is also used to establish rule in a region during peacetime. The term is derived from Latin ''fortis'' ("strong") and ''facere'' ("to make"). From very early history to modern times, defensive walls have often been necessary for cities to survive in an ever-changing world of invasion and conquest. Some settlements in the Indus Valley civilization were the first small cities to be fortified. In ancient Greece, large stone walls had been built in Mycenaean Greece, such as the ancient site of Mycenae (famous for the huge stone blocks of its 'cyclopean' walls). A Greek '' phrourion'' was a fortified collection of buildings used as a military garrison, and is the equivalent of the Roman castellum or English fortress. These constructions mainly served the purpose of a watch tower, to guard certain roads, passes, and borders. Though smaller than a real fortress, they acted ...
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Castles In Armenia
In total, there are approximately 293 castles or ruins of castles in Armenia. Castles in Aragatsotn Province Castles in Ararat Province Castles in Armavir Province Castles in Gegharkunik Province Castles in Lori Province Castles in Kotayk Province Castles in Shirak Province Castles in Syunik Province Castles in Vayots Dzor Province Castles in Tavush Province * Aghjkaghala Castle * Aghli Berd * Aghtamir Fortress * Alberd * Ardar Davit * Arin Berd - Also known as Erebuni Fortress. * Berdakar * Berdavan Fortress - Most likely built between the 10th and 11th centuries; 17th-century reconstruction with church nearby (Tavush Province, Armenia). * Berdidash * Berdi Dosh * Berdi Glukh * Dzernak Fortress * Erebuni Fortress - Also known as Arin Berd and Yerevani Berd; Massive Urartian fortress (Erebuni Masiv, Yervan, Armenia). * Geghi Berd - Also known as Kakavaberd. * Berdavan Fortress, Ghalinjakar - Commonly known as Berdavan Fortress. * Ghaluchay Fort * Ghsla ...
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Archaeological Sites In Armenia
Archaeology or archeology is the scientific study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts, sites, and cultural landscapes. Archaeology can be considered both a social science and a branch of the humanities. It is usually considered an independent academic discipline, but may also be classified as part of anthropology (in North America – the four-field approach), history or geography. Archaeologists study human prehistory and history, from the development of the first stone tools at Lomekwi in East Africa 3.3 million years ago up until recent decades. Archaeology is distinct from palaeontology, which is the study of fossil remains. Archaeology is particularly important for learning about prehistoric societies, for which, by definition, there are no written records. Prehistory includes over 99% of the human past, from the Paleolithic until the adve ...
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London, England
London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a major settlement for two millennia. The City of London, its ancient core and financial centre, was founded by the Romans as '' Londinium'' and retains its medieval boundaries.See also: Independent city § National capitals The City of Westminster, to the west of the City of London, has for centuries hosted the national government and parliament. Since the 19th century, the name "London" has also referred to the metropolis around this core, historically split between the counties of Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent, and Hertfordshire, which largely comprises Greater London, governed by the Greater London Authority.The Greater London Authority consists of the Mayor of London and the London Assembly. The London Mayor is distinguished from the ...
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Cowles Book Co
Cowles may refer to: Surname * Alfred Cowles Sr. (1832–1889), publisher Chicago, spouse Sarah Hutchinson * Alfred Cowles Jr. (1865–1929) publisher, businessman and lawyer *Alfred Cowles (III) (1891–1984) businessman and economist * Anna Roosevelt Cowles (Bamie) (1855–1931), sister of Theodore Roosevelt, aunt of Eleanor Roosevelt * Betsy Mix Cowles (1810–1876), feminist and educator, Ohio *Edwin Cowles (1825–1890), publisher Cleveland, spouse Elizabeth Hutchinson * Eunice Caldwell Cowles (1811-1903), American educator *Fleur Cowles (1908–2009), artist * Gardner Cowles Sr. (1861–1946), banker, publisher and politician * Gardner Cowles Jr. (Mike) (1903–1985), publisher * George A. Cowles, an American ranching pioneer *Henry Chandler Cowles (1869–1939), botanist and ecological pioneer * Ione Virginia Hill Cowles (1858-1940), American clubwoman, social leader *John Cowles Sr. (1898–1983), publisher * John Cowles Jr. (1929–2012), publisher and philanthropist * Louis ...
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New York, New York
New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States, and is more than twice as populous as second-place Los Angeles. New York City lies at the southern tip of New York State, and constitutes the geographical and demographic center of both the Northeast megalopolis and the New York metropolitan area, the largest metropolitan area in the world by urban landmass. With over 20.1 million people in its metropolitan statistical area and 23.5 million in its combined statistical area as of 2020, New York is one of the world's most populous megacities, and over 58 million people live within of the city. New York City is a global cultural, financial, entertainment, and media center with a significant influence on commerce, health care and life sciences, research, technology, education, ...
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Caravan Books
Caravan or caravans may refer to: Transport and travel *Caravan (travellers), a group of travellers journeying together ** Caravanserai, a place where a caravan could stop *Camel train, a convoy using camels as pack animals *Convoy, a group of vehicles or ships traveling together for mutual support *Caravan (towed trailer), a self-contained trailer based camper or recreational vehicle containing beds, a kitchenette, dining and storage areas; chiefly British usage *Campervan, a type of vehicle * Caravan Tours, an escorted tour company *Central American migrant caravans Automobile models *Dodge Caravan *Nissan Caravan * Chevrolet Caravan, a two-door station wagon sold by GM do Brasil * Caravan, a station wagon body style (term used by the German manufacturer Opel) Aeroplane models * Cessna 208 Caravan, a turboprop, high wing, utility airplane produced by Cessna Aircraft Company *Curtiss-Wright C-76 Caravan, an American 1940s medium military transport aircraft Entertainment Film a ...
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Richmond, London
Richmond is a town in south-west London,The London Government Act 1963 (c.33) (as amended) categorises the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames as an Outer London borough. Although it is on both sides of the River Thames, the Boundary Commission for England defines it as being in South London or the South Thames sub-region, pairing it with Kingston upon Thames for the purposes of devising constituencies. However, for the purposes of the London Plan, Richmond now lies within the West London (sub region), West London region. west-southwest of Charing Cross. It is on a meander of the River Thames, with many Richmond upon Thames parks and open spaces, parks and open spaces, including Richmond Park, and many protected conservation areas, which include much of Richmond Hill, London, Richmond Hill. A specific Richmond, Petersham and Ham Open Spaces Act 1902, Act of Parliament protects the scenic view of the River Thames from Richmond. Richmond was founded following Henry VII of ...
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Curzon Press
Routledge () is a British multinational publisher. It was founded in 1836 by George Routledge, and specialises in providing academic books, journals and online resources in the fields of the humanities, behavioural science, education, law, and social science. The company publishes approximately 1,800 journals and 5,000 new books each year and their backlist encompasses over 70,000 titles. Routledge is claimed to be the largest global academic publisher within humanities and social sciences. In 1998, Routledge became a subdivision and imprint of its former rival, Taylor & Francis Group (T&F), as a result of a £90-million acquisition deal from Cinven, a venture capital group which had purchased it two years previously for £25 million. Following the merger of Informa and T&F in 2004, Routledge became a publishing unit and major imprint within the Informa "academic publishing" division. Routledge is headquartered in the main T&F office in Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire and a ...
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