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Kam–Sui Languages
The Kam–Sui languages () are a branch of the Kra–Dai languages spoken by the Kam–Sui peoples. They are spoken mainly in eastern Guizhou, western Hunan, and northern Guangxi in southern China. Small pockets of Kam–Sui speakers are also found in northern Vietnam and Laos. Classification The Kam–Sui branch includes about a dozen languages. Solnit (1988) considers Lakkia and Biao languages to be sister branches of Kam–Sui, rather than part of Kam–Sui itself. The best known Kam–Sui languages are Dong (Kam), with over a million speakers, Mulam, Maonan, and Sui. Other Kam–Sui languages include Ai-Cham, Mak, and Tʻen, and Chadong, which is the most recently discovered Kam–Sui language. Yang (2000) considers Ai-Cham and Mak to be dialects of a single language. Graham Thurgood (1988) presents the following tentative classification for the Kam–Sui branch. Chadong, a language that has been described only recently by Chinese linguist Jinfang Li, is also incl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guizhou
Guizhou (; formerly Kweichow) is a landlocked province in the southwest region of the People's Republic of China. Its capital and largest city is Guiyang, in the center of the province. Guizhou borders the autonomous region of Guangxi to the south, Yunnan to the west, Sichuan to the northwest, the municipality of Chongqing to the north, and Hunan to the east. The population of Guizhou stands at 38.5 million, ranking 18th among the provinces in China. The Dian Kingdom, which inhabited the present-day area of Guizhou, was annexed by the Han dynasty in 106 BC. Guizhou was formally made a province in 1413 during the Ming dynasty. After the overthrow of the Qing in 1911 and following the Chinese Civil War, the Chinese Communist Party took refuge in Guizhou during the Long March between 1934 and 1935. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China, Mao Zedong promoted the relocation of heavy industry into inland provinces such as Guizhou, to better protect them fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ai-Cham Language
Ai-Cham (autonym: '; ) is a Kam–Sui language spoken mainly in Diwo 地莪 and Boyao 播尧 Townships, Jialiang District, Libo County, Qiannan Prefecture, Guizhou, China. Alternative names for the language are Jiamuhua, Jinhua and Atsam. Fang-Kuei Li first distinguished the language in 1943. Nearby languages include Bouyei and Mak. However, Yang (2000) considers Ai-Cham and Mak to be different dialects of an identical language. Ai-Cham has six tones. Regarded of speaker's nationality, they are being subsumed under "Bouyei" nationality (same with speakers of Mak language). The mythical patriarch and hero of the Ai-Cham people is the demigod A demigod or demigoddess is a part-human and part-divine offspring of a deity and a human, or a human or non-human creature that is accorded divine status after death, or someone who has attained the "divine spark" ( spiritual enlightenment). A ... Wu Sangui, who is celebrated during the Ai-Cham New Year.Lin, Shi and Cui Jianxin. 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hechi
Hechi () is a prefecture-level city in the northwest of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China, bordering Guizhou to the north. In June 2002 it gained city status. Geography and climate Hechi is located in northwestern Guangxi on the southern end of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. The total area is , with elevations increasing from southeast to northwest. It is very mountainous with ranges including in the north the Jiuwanda Mountains, in the northwest the Phoenix Mountains, in the east the Fengling Mountains, in the west, the Duyang Mountains, and in the southwest the Green Dragon Mountains. The tallest mountain is "Nameless Peak" with an elevation of . Bordering prefecture-level divisions are Liuzhou to the east, Laibin to the southeast, Nanning to the south, and Baise to the southwest in Guangxi and Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou to the north. Hechi has a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen ''Cwa'') and is genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prefecture-level City
A prefecture-level city () or prefectural city is an administrative division of the People's Republic of China (PRC), ranking below a province and above a county in China's administrative structure. During the Republican era, many of China's prefectural cities were designated as counties as the country's second level division below a province. From 1949 to 1983, the official term was a province-administrated city (Chinese: 省辖市). Prefectural level cities form the second level of the administrative structure (alongside prefectures, leagues and autonomous prefectures). Administrative chiefs (mayors) of prefectural level cities generally have the same rank as a division chief () of a national ministry. Since the 1980s, most former prefectures have been renamed into prefectural level cities. A prefectural level city is a "city" () and "prefecture" () that have been merged into one consolidated and unified jurisdiction. As such it is simultaneously a city, which is a munici ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qiannan Buyei And Miao Autonomous Prefecture
Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture (; Buyei: ''Qianfnanf Buxqyaix Buxyeeuz ziqziqzouy''; Hmu: ''Qeef Naif Dol Yat Dol Hmub Zid Zid Zeb'') is an autonomous prefecture of Guizhou province, People's Republic of China, bordering Guangxi to the south. The prefecture's seat is Duyun, while its area is . The name "" derives from the prefecture's south-central location in the province; "" is the official abbreviation for Guizhou, while "" means "south". Demographics According to the 2000 Census, Qiannan Prefecture has 3,569,847 inhabitants with a population density of 136.22 inhabitants/km2; at the 2010 Census, it had 3,232,714 inhabitants. Ethnic groups in Qiannan, 2000 census Subdivisions The prefecture is subdivided into 12 county-level divisions: 2 county-level cities, 9 counties, and 1 autonomous county. *County-level cities: **Duyun City () ** Fuquan City () *Counties: **Guiding County () **Huishui County () **Luodian County () **Weng'an County () **Libo County () ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qiandongnan Miao And Dong Autonomous Prefecture
Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture (; Hmu language: ''Qeef Dongb Naif Dol Hmub Dol Gud Zid Zid Zeb''; Kam language: ''Qeens Donc Nanc Nyenc Miiul Nyenc Gaeml Zil Zl Zous''), also known as Southeast Qian Autonomous Prefecture of Miao and Dong () and can be shortened as S.E. Qian Prefecture (), is an autonomous prefecture in the southeast of Guizhou province in the People's Republic of China, bordering Hunan to the east and Guangxi to the south. The seat of the prefecture is Kaili. Qiandongnan has an area of . The whole state governs 1 city of Kaili and 15 counties. There are 7 streets, 94 towns, and 110 townships (including 17 ethnic townships). There are 33 ethnic groups living in the territory, including Miao, Dong, Han, Buyi, Shui, Yao, Zhuang, and Tujia. According to the seventh census data in China, as of 00:00 on November 1, 2020, the resident population of Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture was 3,758,622. Demographics As of 2018, Qiandongnan had a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Then Language
The Then language (also known as Yánghuáng 佯僙语 in Chinese; alternate spellings: Tʻen and Ten) is a Kam–Sui language spoken in Pingtang County, southern Guizhou. It is spoken by the Yanghuang 佯僙 people, many of whom are officially classified as Maonan by the Chinese government. Names The Yanghuang people called themselves ', except for the Yanghuang of Huishui County, Xiayou District , and Xiguan Shangmo , who called themselves ' (Bo 1997). According to the ''Guizhou Ethnic Gazetteer'' (2002:846),Guizhou Province Gazetteer: Ethnic Gazetteer 州省志. 民族志(2002). Guiyang: Guizhou Ethnic Publishing House 州民族出版社 their autonyms include ' () and ' (). "Yanghuang" was mentioned in a Ming Dynasty record, the ''Dushi Fangyu Jiyao'' (). According to it, "the Man people of Sizhou are Yanghuang, Gelao, Muyao (Mulao), and Miaozhi (Miaozi). () Dialects Bo (1997:138-139) lists three main dialects of Yanghuang. *Hedong 河东: spoken by more than 15,00 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kam Language (China)
The Kam language, also known as Gam (Endonym, autonym: ''lix Gaeml''), or in Chinese, Dong or Tung-Chia, is a Kam–Sui languages, Kam–Sui language spoken by the Dong people. ''Ethnologue'' distinguishes three Kam varieties as separate but closely related languages. Dialects The Kam language can be divided into two major subdivisions, Southern Kam and Northern Kam (Yang & Edmondson 2008).Yang Tongyin and Jerold A. Edmondson (2008). "Kam." In Diller, Anthony, Jerold A. Edmondson, and Yongxian Luo ed. ''The Tai–Kadai Languages''. Routledge Language Family Series. Psychology Press, 2008. Northern Kam displays more Chinese influence and lacks vowel length contrast, while Southern Kam is more conservative. Language varieties closely related to or part of Kam include Cao Miao language, Cao Miao and Naxi Yao language, Naxi Yao. A northern Pinghua variety called Tongdao Pinghua, spoken in Tongdao County, Hunan, has also been significantly influenced by Kam. ;Southern Kam *First lec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kam Language
The Kam language, also known as Gam (autonym: ''lix Gaeml''), or in Chinese, Dong or Tung-Chia, is a Kam–Sui language spoken by the Dong people. ''Ethnologue'' distinguishes three Kam varieties as separate but closely related languages. Dialects The Kam language can be divided into two major subdivisions, Southern Kam and Northern Kam (Yang & Edmondson 2008).Yang Tongyin and Jerold A. Edmondson (2008). "Kam." In Diller, Anthony, Jerold A. Edmondson, and Yongxian Luo ed. ''The Tai–Kadai Languages''. Routledge Language Family Series. Psychology Press, 2008. Northern Kam displays more Chinese influence and lacks vowel length contrast, while Southern Kam is more conservative. Language varieties closely related to or part of Kam include Cao Miao and Naxi Yao. A northern Pinghua variety called Tongdao Pinghua, spoken in Tongdao County, Hunan, has also been significantly influenced by Kam. ;Southern Kam *First lectal area: Róngjiāng Zhānglǔ (), Lípíng Hóngzhōu (), Jǐnp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naxi Yao Language
Nuoxi Yao (), or Nuoxihua 𦰡溪话, is a Kam–Sui language of Nuoxi Township , Dongkou County, Hunan Province, China. Even though they are classified as ethnic Yao people by the Chinese government, the Nuoxi Yao speak a Kam–Sui language closely related to Dong. Shi (2015:132) considers Nuoxi Yao to have split off from Dong about 600 years. Names The Nuoxi Yao call themselves the '1See Proto-Tai_language#Tones for an explanation of the tone codes. (Shi 2015:107) or '2 '1 (Shi 2015:125), and refer to their own language as '1 (Shi 2015:107). The town of Nuoxi (the first syllable is pronounced ''nuó'' in Mandarin (Shi 2015:107)) is referred to in the local Hunanese dialect as '2 '1. Demographics Shi (2015:107) estimates a total of 2,500 speakers and 5,000 ethnic Yao in Nuoxi Township. According to the ''Shaoyang Prefecture Gazetteer'' (1997), language varieties closely related to Southern Kam are spoken in Nuoxi , Dongkou County (which had 4,280 ethnic Yao in 1982 (Chen 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cao Miao Language
Cao Miao (; autonym: ') is a variety of Dong (Kam) according to Shi Lin (2012).Shi Lin 林(2012). The Cao Miao language of three provinces and its relationship to Dong' 省坡草苗的语言及其与侗语的关系 In ''Minzu Yuwen'' 族语文2012, no. 4. Beijing: China Social Sciences Academy 国社会科学院 Dialects include Liushi ("Sixty") Miao 六十苗, Sishi ("Forty") Miao 四十苗, and Ershi ("Twenty") Miao 二十苗 (also known as Flowery Miao 花苗). The Flowery Miao 花苗 do not consider themselves to be Cao Miao 草苗, although their language is similar to Sixty Miao and Forty Miao (Shi 2012). Subdivisions There are various ethnic subgroups within Cao Miao (Shi 2015:7). *Inner Miao 内部苗 (or 内岗苗 / 内堺苗) ('): 2 subgroups **Sixty (60) Miao 六十苗 ('Shi (2015:42)) **Forty (40) Miao 四十苗 ('), also called Diao 刁族 (') *Middle Miao 中部苗 (or 中岗苗 / 中堺苗) ('), also called Twenty (20) Miao 二十苗 (') or Flowery Miao ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Graham Thurgood
Graham Thurgood () is a retired professor of linguistics at California State University, Chico. Thurgood graduated with a Ph.D. in linguistics from University of California, Berkeley, where he studied under James Matisoff. Thurgood's areas of specialization include tonogenesis, historical linguistics, language contact, and second language acquisition. Thurgood has reconstructed Chamic ( Austronesian), the Hlai languages ( Kra-Dai and Kam-Sui), and parts of Tibeto-Burman (Sino-Tibetan). Thurgood's tone work includes the reconstruction of tone in Chamic, internal reconstruction of tone in Jiamao Jiamao (, ''Jiamao''; also ''Tái'' or ''Sāi'') is a possible language isolate spoken in southern Hainan, China. Jiamao speakers' autonym is ''1''.See Proto-Tai_language#Tones for an explanation of the tone codes. Classification Jiamao was ..., and a substantial article on tonogenesis in general. Publications * * Graham Thurgood. (1999). From Ancient Cham to Modern Dialects: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
