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Kamula–Elevala Languages
The Kamula–Elevala languages are a small family of the Trans–New Guinea languages spoken in the region of the Elevala River. Languages There are three languages, namely Aekyowm (Awin), Pare (Pa), and Kamula. They are not obviously related to each other, but Aekyowm and Pare are closer to each other than to Kamula. *Kamula *Awin–Pa (Elevala River) ** Aekyowm (Awin) **Pare (Pa) A more in-depth classification by Suter and Usher (2017) is as follows. ;Kamula-Elevala family *Kamula ,100 speakers in 2000*Elevala (= Awin-Pare) family ** Pa (= Pare, Ba, Debepare) ,500 speakers in 2000** Aekyom (= Awin, Akium) 1,100 speakers in 2000***Northeastern (= Aekyom-Skai) ***North Central ***Southeastern (= Aekyom-Pare) ***Western Classification Stephen Wurm (1975) added Awin and Pa to an expanded Central and South New Guinea branch of TNG, a position reversed by Ross (2005). The connection between Awin–Pa and Kamula was established by Suter & Usher. Reconstruction Phonology Us ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Western Province, Papua New Guinea
Western Province is a coastal province in southwestern Papua New Guinea, bordering the Indonesian province of Papua (Indonesian province), Papua. The provincial capital (political), capital is Daru. The largest town in the province is Tabubil, Papua New Guinea, Tabubil. Other major settlements are Kiunga, Papua New Guinea, Kiunga, Ningerum, Olsobip and Balimo. The provincial government has, as with the governments of Bougainville Province, North Solomons, Simbu Province, Chimbu and Oro Province, Northern provinces, sought to change the name of the province. The government uses the name Fly River Provincial Government; however, this remains unofficial as it has not been changed in the Constitution of Papua New Guinea. Geography and ecology Western Province covers 99,300 km² and is the largest province in Papua New Guinea by area. There are several large rivers that run through the province, including the Fly River and its tributary, tributaries the Strickland River, Strickla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Awyu–Dumut Languages
The Greater Awyu or Digul River languages, known in earlier classifications with more limited scope as Awyu–Dumut (Awyu–Ndumut), are a family of perhaps a dozen Trans–New Guinea languages spoken in eastern West Papua in the region of the Digul River. Six of the languages are sufficiently attested for a basic description; it is not clear how many of the additional names (in parentheses below) may be separate languages. History The Awyu (pronounced like English ''Ow you'') and Awyu–Dumut families were identified by Peter Drabbe in the 1950s. Voorhoeve included them in his proposed Central and South New Guinea group. As part of Central and South New Guinea, they form part of the original proposal for Trans–New Guinea. Classification The classification below is based on Usher and de Vries et al. (2012), who used morphological innovations to determine relatedness, which can be obscured by lexical loanwords. * Sawi (Sawuy) *Awyu–Dumut (Central Digul River) ** Awyu la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhinoceros Beetle
Dynastinae or rhinoceros beetles are a subfamily of the scarab beetle family (Scarabaeidae). Other common names – some for particular groups of rhinoceros beetles – include Hercules beetles, unicorn beetles or horn beetles. Over 1500 species and 225 genera of rhinoceros beetles are known. Many rhinoceros beetles are well known for their unique shapes and large sizes. Some famous species are, for example, the Atlas beetle (''Chalcosoma atlas''), common rhinoceros beetle (''Xylotrupes ulysses''), elephant beetle (''Megasoma elephas''), European rhinoceros beetle (''Oryctes nasicornis''), Hercules beetle (''Dynastes hercules''), Japanese rhinoceros beetle or ''kabutomushi'' (''Allomyrina dichotoma''), ox beetle (''Strategus aloeus'') and the Eastern Hercules beetle (''Dynastes tityus''). Description and ecology The Dynastinae are among the largest of beetles, reaching more than in length, but are completely harmless to humans because they cannot bite or stin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papuan Hornbill
Blyth's hornbill (''Rhyticeros plicatus''), also known as the Papuan hornbill, is a large hornbill inhabiting the forest canopy in Wallacea and Melanesia. Its local name in Tok Pisin is ''kokomo''. Previously, this hornbill was placed in the genus ''Aceros''. It has often been lumped with the plain-pouched hornbill (''R. subruficollis''), and sometimes considered to include the Narcondam hornbill (''R. narcondami'') and the wreathed hornbill (''R. undulatus'') as subspecies. The common name commemorates Edward Blyth (1810–1873), English zoologist and Curator of the Museum of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Description Up to in length, the adult male has mainly black plumage with a golden or orange-buff head, white throat and a white tail. Its irises are reddish brown, and the eye is surrounded by naked pale blue skin. The female is a smaller, mainly black bird with a white throat and tail. Both sexes have a very large horn-coloured bill and casque. Young birds of both sexes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ok Languages
The Ok languages are a family of about a dozen related Trans–New Guinea languages spoken in a contiguous area of eastern Irian Jaya and western Papua New Guinea. The most numerous language is Ngalum, with some 20,000 speakers; the best known is probably Telefol. The Ok languages have dyadic kinship terms.The Oksapmin Kinship System , retrieved May 21, 2009. History of classification The Ok languages are clearly related. identified them as a family in 1962. He later noted connections with the and[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Doso Language
Doso is a language of New Guinea. It has 61% of its vocabulary in common with the nearly extinct Turumsa language, its only clear relative. It is spoken near Kamula Kamula (Kamira, Wawoi) is a Trans–New Guinea language that is unclassified within that family in the classification of Malcolm Ross (2005). Noting insufficient evidence, Pawley and Hammarström (2018) leave it as unclassified. Demographics ... but does not appear to be related to it; not enough is known to tell if it may be related to other languages in the area. Vocabulary The following basic vocabulary words are from Shaw (1986), as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database: : References Doso–Turumsa languages {{papuan-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central And South New Guinea Languages
The Central and South New Guinea languages (CSNG) are a proposed family of Trans–New Guinea languages (TNG). They were part of Voorhoeve & McElhanon's original TNG proposal, but have been reduced in scope by half (nine families to four) in the classification of Malcolm Ross. According to Ross, it is not clear if the pronoun similarities between the four remaining branches of Central and South New Guinea are retentions for proto-TNG forms or shared innovations defining a single branch of TNG. Voorhoeve argues independently for an Awyu–Ok relationship, and Foley echoes that Asmat may be closest to Awyu and Ok of the TNG languages. Regardless, the four individual branches of reduced Central and South New Guinea are themselves clearly valid families. * Central and South New Guinea (Asmat–Ok) ** Asmat–Kamoro family recent expansion along the south coast** Greater Awyu family ** Mombum family ** Ok–Oksapmin family '' Ethnologue'' (2009) retains only Awyu–Dumut and O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trans–New Guinea Languages
Trans–New Guinea (TNG) is an extensive family of Papuan languages spoken on the island of New Guinea and neighboring islands ‒ corresponding to the country Papua New Guinea as well as parts of Indonesia. Trans–New Guinea is the third-largest language family in the world by number of languages. The core of the family is considered to be established, but its boundaries and overall membership are uncertain. The languages are spoken by around 3 million people. There have been three main proposals as to its internal classification. History of the proposal Although Papuan languages for the most part are poorly documented, several of the branches of Trans–New Guinea have been recognized for some time. The Eleman languages were first proposed by S. Ray in 1907, parts of Marind were recognized by Ray and JHP Murray in 1918, and the Rai Coast languages in 1919, again by Ray. The precursor of the Trans–New Guinea family was Stephen Wurm's 1960 proposal of an East New Guinea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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