|
Kamrušepa
Kamrušepa was a Hittite and Luwian goddess of medicine and magic, analogous to Hattic and Palaic goddess Kataḫzipuri. She is best known as one of the deities involved in the Telepinu Myth, in which her actions were crucial to pacify the anger of the "missing" vegetation god. Character Kamrušepa was the goddess of both magic and medicine. She was regarded as the inventor of various procedures, subsequently passed on to humans, as attested in mythical explanations attached to ritual texts. She could function as a divine midwife as well. It is possible she was a household deity due to her connection with family life and the hearth. As a healing goddess, she could be associated with deities such as Pirwa, Maliya and the Hurrian Šauška in Hittite rituals. The Luwians seemingly regarded her as analogous to Mesopotamian medicine goddess Gula, and in some cases texts presented as incantations of Gula in Mesopotamia were attributed to Kamrušepa in Luwian tradition. Unlike ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aruna (Hittite Mythology)
Aruna was the god of the sea in Hittite religion. His name is identical with the Hittite word for the sea, which could also refer to bodies of water, treated as numina rather than personified deities. His worship was not widespread, and most of the known attestations of it come exclusively from the southeast of Anatolia. He was celebrated in cities such as Ḫubešna and Tuwanuwa. While most myths about the sea found in Hititte archives have Hurrian background, compositions involving Aruna are nonetheless known. The best known example is ''Telipinu and the Daughter of the Sea God'', where he kidnaps the Sun god of Heaven, prompting Tarḫunna to send his son Telipinu to his abode. Out of fear Aruna offers him his daughter, possibly to be identified as the goddess Ḫatepuna, as a bride. Later he demands a bride price, which Telepinu's father agrees to pay. The composition of the myth is not preserved. Aruna and the sun god also appear together in the myth of , though here he tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tiwaz (Luwian Deity)
Tiwaz (stem: Tiwad-) was the Luwian Sun-god. He was among the most important gods of the Luwians. Name The name of the Proto-Anatolian Sun god can be reconstructed as ''*Diuod-'', which derives from the Proto-Indo-European word '' *dei-'' ("shine", "glow"). This name is cognate with the Greek Zeus, Latin Jupiter, and Norse Tyr. While Tiwaz (and the related Palaic god Tiyaz) retained a promenant role in the pantheon, the Hittite cognate deity, was largely eclipsed by the Sun goddess of Arinna, becoming a god of the day, especially the day of death. In Luwian cuneiform of the Bronze Age, his name appears as ''Tiwad-''. It can also be written with the Sumerogram dUTU ("God-Sun"). In Hieroglyphic Luwian of the Iron Age, the name can be written as ''Tiwad-'' of with the ideogram (DEUS) SOL ("God-Sun") Tiwaz rarely appears in personal names. The oldest example derives from 19th century BC Kültepe, a person called "Tiwatia". The hieroglyphic Luwian name ("Beloved of Tiwaz") is t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maliya
Maliya was a goddess worshiped by Hittites in the Bronze Age. She was most likely a deified river in origin, but she was also associated with gardens and with artisanship, specifically with leatherworking and carpentry. The oldest attestations of her have been identified in the Old Assyrian texts from Kanesh. This city continued to be associated with her in later tradition, though she was also worshiped in Hattusa and elsewhere in the Hittite Empire. She is also present in texts originating in Kizzuwatna, which indicate she had a temple in Kummanni, where she was worshiped alongside various Hurrian deities. It is assumed that a similarly named goddess attested in Lycian texts from the first millennium BCE corresponds to earlier Hittite Maliya. She was worshiped in Rhodiapolis and in other cities in Lycia, and might have been a war goddess. Malis, known from Lydian sources and from references in Greek literature, is also assumed to be a derivative of Maliya by most authors. A tex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gula (goddess)
Gula ( Sumerian: "the great") was a Mesopotamian goddess of medicine, portrayed as a divine physician and midwife. Over the course of the second and first millennia BCE, she became one of the main deities of the Mesopotamian pantheon, and eventually started to be viewed as the second highest ranked goddess after Ishtar. She was associated with dogs, and could be depicted alongside these animals, for example on ''kudurru'' (inscribed boundary stones), and receive figurines representing them as votive offerings. While Gula was initially regarded as unmarried, in the Kassite period she came to be associated with Ninurta. In Babylon his role could also be fulfilled by Mandanu, while the god list ''An = Anum'' links Gula with Pabilsag and Abu. The circle of deities closely associated with her also included Damu and Gunura, who eventually started to be regarded as her children, as well as her sukkal (divine vizier) Urmašum, who might have been imagined as a dog-like being. Through vari ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pirwa
Pirwa, also known under the variant names Perwa and Peruwa, was a god worshiped by Hittites and Luwians in ancient Anatolia. He was associated with horses. There is also evidence that he was regarded as a warlike deity. He is first attested in documents from Kanesh, which mention a priest in his service. He retained his connection with this city in later sources, but he also came to be worshiped in a number of other locations, including Hattusa. A possible late reference to him occurs in a Neo-Assyrian text listing deities worshiped in Arbela, though this attestation remains uncertain and might be a scribal mistake. Name and character Attested variant forms of Pirwa's name include Perwa and Peruwa, with the latter being an old spelling used in texts from Kanesh. According to Piotr Taracha, it most likely originated in a language he refers to as a "central Anatolian substrate", similar to the names of Ḫariḫari, Ḫigiša, Nipaš, Parka, Tuḫtuḫani and possibly Anna. Volk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iyarri
Iyarri, also known as Yarri, was a god worshiped by Hittites and Luwians in Anatolia in the Bronze Age. He was associated with plague and war, and was portrayed as an archer whose arrows inflicted people with illnesses. While it is generally assumed that Iyarri was male, a female form of this deity is mentioned in a single text. It has been proposed that Iyarri might have developed from the Mesopotamian god Erra (god), Erra, or that he was influenced by him. A different proposal considers his name a cognate of that of Greek Ares, though the evidence in favor of this view is not conclusive. Evidence of the worship of Iyarri in Hittite religion and Luwian religion comes mostly from central Anatolia, and includes documents such as oath formulas, treaties and descriptions of rituals. Temples dedicated to him existed in Ḫarranašši and Guršamašša. He is also attested in a number of theophoric names. References to him postdating the fall of the Hittite Empire are infrequent, and i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arma (deity)
Arma was an Anatolian List of lunar deities, Moon god, worshipped by the Hittites and Luwians in the Bronze Age and early Iron Age. Name The name derives from the Proto-Anatolian language, Proto-Anatolian ''*ʿOrmo-'' ("wanderer"). He is attested as the Moon god in Hittite religion, Hittite and Luwian religion, with the name ''Arma-''. In Lycian language, Lycian he was called ''Erm̃ma-'', ''Arm̃ma-'', in Carian language, Carian ''Armo'' (dative case), and in Lydian language, Lydian ''Arm-''. In cuneiform texts, the name is written with the Sumerograms Dingir, dEN.ZU or dXXX, in Hieroglyphic Luwian with a crescent Moon symbol, which is transliterated as (DEUS) LUNA. Role While the Hattians, Hattian moon god, Kašku was not worshipped, Hittite and Luwian religion involved extensive worship of Arma. For the Luwians in particular, the moon was associated with the months of pregnancy and Arma was therefore believed to protect pregnant women and to help women giving birth (note Hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Telepinu Myth
Telipinu (Cuneiform: , ; Hattic: ''Talipinu'' or ''Talapinu'', "Exalted Son")Beckman, Gary. "Telipinu" in ''Reallexicon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie'', Vol. 13. 2012 was a Hittite god who most likely served as a patron of farming, though he has also been suggested to have been a storm god or an embodiment of crops. He was a son of the weather god Tarḫunna ( Taru) and the solar goddess Arinniti in the system of their mythology. His wife was the goddess Ḫatepuna, though he was also paired with and Kataḫḫa at various cultic centres. Telipinu was honored every nine years with an extravagant festival in the autumn at Ḫanḫana and Kašḫa, wherein 1000 sheep and 50 oxen were sacrificed and the symbol of the god, an oak tree, was replanted. He was also invoked formulaically in a daily prayer for King Muršili II during the latter's reign. An ancient Hittite myth about Telipinu, the ''Telipinu Myth'', describes how his disappearance causes all fertilit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pala (Anatolia)
Pala (cuneiform ''pa-la-a'') was a Bronze Age country in Northern Anatolia. Little is known of Pala except its native Palaic language and its native religion. The only known person of Palaic origin was the ritual priestess Anna. Their language shared common innovations with Luwian not present in the Hittite language suggesting a prior Luwian-Palaic linguistic complex. Location Pala is said to have been bordered by Tummana to the east, Kalasma to the west and Kaissiya to Mount Asharpaya toward the south. The country named *Bla leading to Blaene in cuneiform script was written as ''pa-la-a''. The country of Pala may have been located along the Black Sea coast, either in the region known as Paphlagonia in classical antiquity or the much smaller territory of Blaene located within, though it has been alternately located near modern-day Sivas as well. History In the Old Hittite period Pala was mentioned as an administrative area under Hittite jurisdiction in the Hittite laws. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luwian Religion
Luwian religion was the religious and mythological beliefs and practices of the Luwians, an Indo-European people of Asia Minor, which is detectable from the Bronze Age until the early Roman empire. It was strongly affected by foreign influence in all periods and it is not possible to clearly separate it from neighbouring cultures, particularly Syrian and Hurrian religion. The Indo-European element in the Luwian religion was stronger than in the neighbouring Hittite religion. Periodisation The Luwian religion can be divided into two periods: the Bronze Age period and the Iron Age or Late Luwian period. During the Bronze Age, the Luwians were under the control of the Hittites. They spoke the Luwian language, a close relative of the Hittite language. Although a hieroglyphic script existed in the Bronze Age, which was used for writing Luwian, there are only a few known religious texts of the Luwians from the Bronze Age. After the collapse of the Hittite empire, several Late Luwian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hittite Deities
Hittite mythology and Hittite religion were the religious beliefs and practices of the Hittites, who created an empire centered in what is now Turkey from . Most of the narratives embodying Hittite mythology are lost, and the elements that would give a balanced view of Hittite religion are lacking among the tablets recovered at the Hittite capital Hattusa and other Hittite sites. Thus, "there are no canonical scriptures, no theological disquisitions or discourses, no aids to private devotion". Some religious documents formed part of the corpus with which young scribes were trained, and have survived, most of them dating from the last several decades before the final burning of the sites. The scribes in the royal administration, some of whose archives survive, were a bureaucracy, organizing and maintaining royal responsibilities in areas that would be considered part of religion today: temple organization, cultic administration, reports of diviners, make up the main body of sur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Health Goddesses
Health, according to the World Health Organization, is "a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity".World Health Organization. (2006)''Constitution of the World Health Organization''– ''Basic Documents'', Forty-fifth edition, Supplement, October 2006. A variety of definitions have been used for different purposes over time. Health can be promoted by encouraging healthful activities, such as regular physical exercise and adequate sleep, and by reducing or avoiding unhealthful activities or situations, such as smoking or excessive stress. Some factors affecting health are due to individual choices, such as whether to engage in a high-risk behavior, while others are due to structural causes, such as whether the society is arranged in a way that makes it easier or harder for people to get necessary healthcare services. Still, other factors are beyond both individual and group choices, such as genetic disorders. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.jpg "Click for more on -> Arma (deity)")
