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Kadi I
''Kadi and Al Barakaat International Foundation v Council and Commission'' (2008) C-402/05 is a case concerning the hierarchy between international law and the general principles of EU law. It is also known as ''Kadi I'' to distinguish from a later related case, '' Kadi II'' (2013). Facts Mr Kadi, a Saudi resident with assets in Sweden, and Al Barakaat, a charity for Somali refugees, claimed that the freezing of their assets was unlawful. The seizures occurred without any court hearing, right of redress or allegation of wrongdoing. The UN Security Council had adopted resolutions under Chapter VII to freeze assets of people and groups associated with the Taliban and Osama bin Laden. The EU adopted regulations to give effect to which Sweden gave effect. The claimants were named in the resolution and the regulation. They claimed that the regulation should be annulled under TFEU Article 263 and was a breach of human rights. Judgment Advocate General Opinion In the Opinion of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conflict Of Laws
Conflict of laws (also called private international law) is the set of rules or laws a jurisdiction applies to a case, transaction, or other occurrence that has connections to more than one jurisdiction. This body of law deals with three broad topics: ''jurisdiction'', rules regarding when it is appropriate for a court to hear such a case; ''foreign judgments'', dealing with the rules by which a court in one jurisdiction mandates compliance with a ruling of a court in another jurisdiction; and '' choice of law'', which addresses the question of which substantive laws will be applied in such a case. These issues can arise in any private-law context, but they are especially prevalent in contract law and tort law. Scope and terminology The term ''conflict of laws'' is primarily used in the United States and Canada, though it has also come into use in the United Kingdom. Elsewhere, the term ''private international law'' is commonly used. Some scholars from countries that use ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Van Gend En Loos V Nederlandse Administratie Der Belastingen
''Van Gend en Loos v Nederlandse Administratie der Belastingen'' (1963) Case 26/62 was a landmark case of the European Court of Justice which established that provisions of the ''Treaty Establishing the European Economic Community'' were capable of creating legal rights which could be enforced by both natural and legal persons before the courts of the Community's member states. This is now called the principle of direct effect. The case is acknowledged as being one of the most important, and possibly the most famous development of European Union law. The case arose from the reclassification of a chemical, by the Benelux countries, into a customs category entailing higher customs charges. Preliminary questions were asked by the Dutch Tariefcommissie in a dispute between Van Gend en Loos and the Dutch Tax Authority (Nederlandse Administratie der Belastingen). The European Court of Justice held that this breached a provision of the treaty requiring member states to progressively ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Kingdom Constitutional Law
The United Kingdom constitutional law concerns the governance of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. With the oldest continuous political system on Earth, the British constitution is not contained in a single code but principles have emerged over the centuries from common law statute, case law, political conventions and social consensus. In 1215, Magna Carta 1215, Magna Carta required the King to call "common counsel" or Parliament of England, Parliament, hold courts in a fixed place, guarantee fair trials, guarantee free movement of people, and free the church from the state; it also enshrined the rights of "common" people to use the land. After the English Civil War and the Glorious Revolution 1688, Parliament won supremacy over the monarch, as well as the church and the courts, and the Bill of Rights 1689 recorded that the "election of members of Parliament ought to be free". The Act of Union 1707 unified England, Wales and Scotland, while Ireland was joi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Murray V The Schooner Charming Betsy
Murray may refer to: Businesses * Murray (bicycle company), an American manufacturer of low-cost bicycles * Murrays, an Australian bus company * Murray International Trust, a Scottish investment trust * D. & W. Murray Limited, an Australian wholesale drapery business * John Murray (publishing house), a British publishing house Fictional characters * Murray Monster, a muppet in ''Sesame Street'' *Little Murray Sparkles, a cat in ''Sesame Street'' * Murray (''Monkey Island''), a character in the video game series * Murray (''Sly Cooper''), a character in the video game series *Murray Slaughter, a regular character in ''The Mary Tyler Moore Show'' *Murray, the mascot of the band Dio *Murray, in the 2015 Netflix series '' Richie Rich'' *Murray, a ''Hotel Transylvania'' character *Murray the Cop, in ''Fat Pizza'' *Murray Smith, in '' Swift and Shift Couriers'' People *Murray (surname) *Murray (given name) Places Australia * Division of Murray, federal electoral district in Victor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2003 Invasion Of Iraq
The 2003 invasion of Iraq was a United States-led invasion of the Republic of Iraq and the first stage of the Iraq War. The invasion phase began on 19 March 2003 (air) and 20 March 2003 (ground) and lasted just over one month, including 26 days of major combat operations, in which a combined force of troops from the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, and Poland invaded Iraq. Twenty-two days after the first day of the invasion, the capital city of Baghdad was captured by Coalition forces on 9 April 2003 after the six-day-long Battle of Baghdad. This early stage of the war formally ended on 1 May 2003 when U.S. President George W. Bush declared the "end of major combat operations" in his Mission Accomplished speech, after which the Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) was established as the first of several successive transitional governments leading up to the first Iraqi parliamentary election in January 2005. U.S. military forces later remained in Iraq ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
War On Terror
The war on terror, officially the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT), is an ongoing international counterterrorism military campaign initiated by the United States following the September 11 attacks. The main targets of the campaign are militant Islamist and Salafi-Jihadist armed organisations such as Al-Qaeda, the Islamic State and their international affiliates; which are waging military insurgencies to overthrow governments of various Muslim countries. The "war on terror" uses war as a metaphor to describe a variety of actions which fall outside the traditional definition of war taken to eliminate international terrorism. 43rd President of the United States George W. Bush first used the term "war on terrorism" on 16 September 2001, and then "war on terror" a few days later in a formal speech to Congress. Bush indicated the enemy of the war on terror as "a radical network of terrorists and every government that supports them." The initial conflict was aimed at al-Qaeda, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Supreme Court Of Israel
ar, المحكمة العليا , image = Emblem of Israel dark blue full.svg , imagesize = 100px , caption = Emblem of Israel , motto = , established = , location = Givat Ram, Jerusalem , coordinates = , type = Presidential appointment upon nomination by the Judicial Selection Committee , authority = Basic Laws of Israel , appeals = , terms = , positions = 15 , website = https://supreme.court.gov.il , chiefjudgetitle = President , chiefjudgename = Esther Hayut , termstart = 26 October 2017 , termend = 16 October 2023 , termend2 = 16 October 2023 , chiefjudgetitle2= Deputy President , chiefjudgename2 = Uzi Vogelman , termstart2 = 9 May 2022 , termend3 = 16 October 2023 , termend4 = 6 October 2024 The Supreme Court (, ''Beit HaMishpat HaElyon''; ar, المحكمة العليا) is the highest court in Israel. It has ultimate appell ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aharon Barak
Aharon Barak ( he, אהרן ברק; born Erik Brick, 16 September 1936) is an Israeli lawyer and jurist who served as President of the Supreme Court of Israel from 1995 to 2006. Prior to this, Barak served as a Justice of the Supreme Court of Israel from 1978 to 1995, and before this as Attorney General of Israel from 1975 to 1978. From 1974 to 1975, Barak was Dean of the Law Faculty of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Barak is currently a law professor at Reichman University in Herzliya, and has taught at institutions including Yale Law School, Central European University, Georgetown University Law Center, and the University of Toronto Faculty of Law. Early life and education Aharon Barak was born in Kaunas, Lithuania, the only son of Zvi Brick, an attorney, and his wife Leah, a teacher. After the Nazi occupation of the city in 1941, the family spent three years in the Kovno ghetto. At the end of the war, after wandering through Hungary, Austria, and Italy, Barak and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Terrorism
Terrorism, in its broadest sense, is the use of criminal violence to provoke a state of terror or fear, mostly with the intention to achieve political or religious aims. The term is used in this regard primarily to refer to intentional violence during peacetime or in the context of war against non-combatants (mostly civilians and neutral military personnel). The terms "terrorist" and "terrorism" originated during the French Revolution of the late 18th century but became widely used internationally and gained worldwide attention in the 1970s during the Troubles in Northern Ireland, the Basque conflict, and the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. The increased use of suicide attacks from the 1980s onwards was typified by the 2001 September 11 attacks in the United States. There are various different definitions of terrorism, with no universal agreement about it. Terrorism is a charged term. It is often used with the connotation of something that is "morally wrong". Gove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Public International Law
International law (also known as public international law and the law of nations) is the set of rules, norms, and standards generally recognized as binding between states. It establishes normative guidelines and a common conceptual framework for states across a broad range of domains, including war, diplomacy, economic relations, and human rights. Scholars distinguish between international legal institutions on the basis of their obligations (the extent to which states are bound to the rules), precision (the extent to which the rules are unambiguous), and delegation (the extent to which third parties have authority to interpret, apply and make rules). The sources of international law include international custom (general state practice accepted as law), treaties, and general principles of law recognized by most national legal systems. Although international law may also be reflected in international comity—the practices adopted by states to maintain good relations and mutu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Advocate General Maduro
Miguel Poiares Maduro (born 3 January 1967) is a Portuguese academic and politician. He was the Portuguese Minister for Regional Development from April 2013 to October 2015 in the XIX Constitutional Government of Portugal. Formerly, he was director of the School of Transnational Governance and professor of law at the European University Institute in Florence, Italy. Poiares Maduro was also visiting professor at the faculty of law at Yale University in the United States of America. Career Poiares Maduro was an Advocate General at the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg from 7 October 2003 to 6 October 2009. He has been a Fulbright Visiting Research Scholar of Law at Harvard University, He is Doctor in law at the European University Institute and won the Purpose Prize Europe for the best PhD thesis at the institute that year. He has worked as a lecturer at numerous institutions, including: College of Europe, Catholic University of Lisbon, the New University of Lisbon, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
