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KHAM Theory
KHAM (hindi: खाम) stands for Koli Kshatriya, Harijan, Adivasi and Muslim. Here Kshatriya is taken to include the Kolis. In the KHAM combine, Kolis were the largest caste represented at different levels of politics, and Madhavsinh Solanki increased the reservation quota for Other Backward Classes in Gujarat. The theory was propounded by Madhavsinh Solanki in 1980s in Gujarat to create vote bank for Indian National Congress and prepared by Jhinabhai Darji. Using the formula, Congress was able to capture 149 seats in the 182-member Assembly. However the formula alienated Patels permanently from Congress. during the Kham alliance, castes such as Bania, Patidar and Brahmins lost their importance in the state, so they propounded the Anti reservation agitation in 1981 and 1985 in Gujarat to get rid of the power of OBC castes. Bharatsinh Solanki, state Congress president and the son of Madhavsinh Solanki, attempted to revise his father's formula by coming up with KHAMP ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Delhi
New Delhi (, , ''Naī Dillī'') is the capital of India and a part of the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT). New Delhi is the seat of all three branches of the government of India, hosting the Rashtrapati Bhavan, Parliament House, and the Supreme Court of India. New Delhi is a municipality within the NCT, administered by the NDMC, which covers mostly Lutyens' Delhi and a few adjacent areas. The municipal area is part of a larger administrative district, the New Delhi district. Although colloquially ''Delhi'' and ''New Delhi'' are used interchangeably to refer to the National Capital Territory of Delhi, both are distinct entities, with both the municipality and the New Delhi district forming a relatively small part of the megacity of Delhi. The National Capital Region is a much larger entity comprising the entire NCT along with adjoining districts in neighbouring states, including Ghaziabad, Noida, Gurgaon and Faridabad. The foundation stone of New Delhi was l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patel
The Patel is an Indian surname or title, predominantly found in the state of Gujarat representing the community of land-owning farmers and later (with the British East India Company) businessmen, agriculturalists and merchants. Traditionally the title is a status name referring to the village chieftains during medieval times, and was later retained as successive generations stemmed out into communities of landowners, including Patidars, Kolis, Kurmis, some Parsis and Muslims. There are roughly 500,000 Patels outside India, including about 150,000 in the United Kingdom and about 150,000 in the United States. Nearly 1 in 10 people of Indian origin in the US is a Patel. Etymology The term ''patel'' derives from the word Patidar, literally "one who holds (owned) pieces of land called ''patis'', implying a higher economic status than that of the landless, ultimately from Sanskrit ''paṭṭakīla'', with the ending ''-dar'' (from Sanskrit "धार"—supporting, containing, holdi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kokam (political Theory)
Janata Dal (Gujarat) was a political party in Gujarat, India. It was a splinter group of Janata Dal. This group was led by Chimanbhai Patel and Chhabildas Mehta. It was later dissolved and its leaders joined the Indian National Congress. Gujarat Janta Dal raised in Gujarat based on Kokam theory which was initiated by Chimanbhai Patel to get support from larger caste cluster Kolis which was 24% of the total population of state and second Kanbi and Muslims. JD(G) came to power with Kokam theory in 1990 and continued until 1995. They had 70 MLA in assembly and received support of 35 congress MLA. Kokam theory stands for Kolis, Kanbi and Muslims. It Means 'Ko was used for Kolis, Ka was used for Kanbi and M for Muslims Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abraha ...' of Gujarat. R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caste Politics
In India, a caste is a (usually endogamous) social group where membership is decided by birth. Castes often have related political preferences. Broadly, Indian castes are divided into the Forward Castes, Other Backward Classes, Scheduled Castes, and Scheduled Tribes, though Indian Christians and Indian Muslims can also function as castes. India's caste system has been influential. One's caste can control access to political power, land, and police or judicial assistance. Castes also tend to influence local politics by being local to certain areas. Political parties in everywhere tend to represent the interests of specific castes. Women in politics tend to be from upper castes. In the era of British India, the British institutionalised caste into India's governmental institutions. However, by the 1990s, there was a social movement to empower the lower castes. Caste and political power The removal of the boundaries between "civil society" and "political society" meant that c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Koli States And Clans
The Koli is an Indian caste found in Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Karnataka, Odisha and Jammu and Kashmir states in India. Koli is an agriculturist caste of Gujarat but in coastal areas they also work as fishermen along with agriculture. In the beginning of 20th century, the Koli caste was recognised as a Criminal Tribe under Criminal Tribes Act by British Indian government because of their anti-social activities during World War I. The Koli caste forms the largest caste-cluster in Gujarat and Himachal Pradesh, comprising 24% and 30% of the total population in those states respectively. History Early There has historically been some difficulty in identifying people as Koli or as Bhil people in what is now the state of Gujarat. The two communities co-existed in the hills of that area and even today there is confusion regarding their identity, not helped, in the opinion of sociologist Arvind Shah, by there being "hardly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Koli People
The Koli people (Hindi: कोली) are a community native to India and Pakistan. The Koli forms the largest caste-cluster, comprising 24% of the total population of the Gujarat and 30% of Himachal Pradesh. The following is the list of notable Kolis. Military Navy * Kanhoji Angre, Admiral of Maratha Navy * Yakut Khan, Admiral of Mughal Navy * Laya Patil, Naval chief in Maratha Navy * Ram Patil, Admiral of Ahmednagar Sultanate navy * Chempil Arayan, Admiral of Travancore Kingdom navy Army * Tanaji Malusare, military general of Maratha Army Politics Chief ministers * Madhav Singh Solanki, former Chief Minister of Gujarat Party presidents * Bharti Shiyal, National Vice President of Bhartiya Janata Party, Member of Parliament from Bhavnagar Ministers * Parshottambhai Solanki, Fishery Minister of Gujarat Members of Parliament * Hukam Chand Kachwai, five times Member of Parliament from Madhya Pradesh loksabha * Ajitsinh Dabhi, Member of Parliament from Khed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patidar Reservation Agitation
Starting in July 2015, the people of India's Patidar community, seeking Other Backward Class (OBC) status, held public demonstrations across the Indian state of Gujarat. The largest demonstration was held in Ahmedabad on 25 August 2015, and was attended by thousands. Later, there were incidents of violence and arson across the state, resulting in a curfew in several cities and towns. Properties and vehicles worth crores (tens of millions) of rupees were damaged and destroyed. The state returned to normalcy by 28 August. Despite talks with the government, the agitation recommenced and turned violent again on 19 September. The government announced offers of scholarships and subsidies to general category students on 24 September 2015 and a 10% quota of spaces reserved for economically backward classes in April 2016. The 10% reservation was quashed by the Gujarat High Court in August 2016. The agitation lingered on for two more years. In January 2019, the Parliament of India amen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hardik Patel
Hardik Patel (born 20 July 1993) is an Indian politician and social activist. He rose to prominence in July 2015, where he led the Patidar reservation agitation that sought Other Backward Class (OBC) status for the Patidar caste. He joined the Indian National Congress (INC) in 2020. He served as the Working President of the Gujarat Pradesh Congress Committee, the state unit of INC in Gujarat. He left the party and eventually joined the Bharatiya Janata Party in 2022. Early life Hardik Patel was born on 20 July 1993 in a Gujarati Patidar family to Bharat and Usha Patel. In 2004, his parents moved to Viramgam. Hardik studied from Class VI to Class VIII at Divya Jyot School in Viramgam, before moving to K B Shah Vinay Mandir, where he studied until Class XII. He was a poor student and a cricket enthusiast. After completing Class XII, Hardik started helping his father, Bharat, to run a small business of fixing submersible pumps in underground water wells. Bharat was a Congress wor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bharatsinh Madhavsinh Solanki
Bharatsinh Madhavsinh Solanki, born on 26 November 1953 in a Koli family of Gujarat, is an Indian politician and former president of Gujarat Pradesh Congress Committee. He was Minister of State for Union Minister of State for Drinking Water and Sanitation (Independent Charge) in the Government of India in the Second Manmohan Singh ministry till May 2014. His previous posts include that of Minister of State for Power. He has also served as Secretary at All India Congress Committee from 2004 to 2006. He was born to Madhavsinh Solanki, a Koli of Gujarat. After winning the election twice, in 2004 and 2009, he lost the Anand seat in the 2014 Indian general election to Dilipbhai Patel of BJP. Offices held *1992 - General Secretary ( Gujarat Pradesh Congress Committee) *1995-2004 - Member, Gujarat Legislative Assembly (Three Terms) *2003-2004 - Deputy Leader of Opposition, Gujarat Legislative Assembly *2004-2014 - Member of Parliament *2004 - Secretary, A.I.C.C. *2006 -2008 - Pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mandal Commission Protests Of 1990
Mandal commission protests of 1990 were against reservation in government jobs based on caste in India. Background Mandal Commission Mandal Commission was set up in 1979 January by Morarji Desai government to identify the socially or educationally backward classes to consider the question of seat reservations and quotas for people to redress caste discrimination, and used eleven social, economic, and educational indicators to determine backwardness. It was chaired by B. P. Mandal. The commission submitted the report to the president on December 30, 1980. It recommended 27% reservation quota for OBC resulting in total 49.5% quota in government jobs and public universities. V.P. Singh, the Prime Minister at the time, tried to implement its recommendations in August 1990 which led to protests. Protests These protests were against giving government jobs to certain castes on basis of birth rather than merit of the candidate . This commission snatched away the rights of upper caste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brahmin
Brahmin (; sa, ब्राह्मण, brāhmaṇa) is a varna as well as a caste within Hindu society. The Brahmins are designated as the priestly class as they serve as priests (purohit, pandit, or pujari) and religious teachers (guru or acharya). The other three varnas are the Kshatriya, Vaishya and Shudra. The traditional occupation of Brahmins is that of priesthood at the Hindu temples or at socio-religious ceremonies, and rite of passage rituals such as solemnising a wedding with hymns and prayers.James Lochtefeld (2002), Brahmin, The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. 1: A–M, Rosen Publishing, , page 125 Traditionally, the Brahmins are accorded the highest ritual status of the four social classes. Their livelihood is prescribed to be one of strict austerity and voluntary poverty ("A Brahmin should acquire what just suffices for the time, what he earns he should spend all that the same day"). In practice, Indian texts suggest that some Brahmins historicall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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