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Jüdischer Kulturbund
, or (with the definite article) , was a Cultural Federation of German Jews, established in 1933. It hired over 1300 men and 700 women artists, musicians, and actors fired from German institutions, and grew to about 70,000 members, according to some authors. Saul Friedländer speaks of at least 180,000. History 1933–1937 Founded by Kurt Singer (1888-1944), the organization was originally named (Cultural Federation of German Jews) in 1933, but in April 1935 the Nazi authorities – forcing the organisation to delete the term ''German'' from the name – imposed a change of the name into ', i.e. Jewish Cultural Federation.), also known as the ', was an institution created by unemployed Jewish performers with the consent of the Nazis "for" the Jewish population. The Nazis permitted this association to hide its oppression of Jews. The Kulturbund was one of the most famous examples of Jewish creativity in response to cultural exclusion. It provided a semblance of leisure for its 70, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Jews
The history of the Jews in Germany goes back at least to the year 321, and continued through the Early Middle Ages (5th to 10th centuries CE) and High Middle Ages (''circa'' 1000–1299 CE) when Jewish immigrants founded the Ashkenazi Jewish community. The community survived under Charlemagne, but suffered during the Crusades. Accusations of well poisoning during the Black Death (1346–53) led to mass slaughter of German Jews and they fled in large numbers to Poland. The Jewish communities of the cities of Mainz, Speyer and Worms became the center of Jewish life during medieval times. "This was a golden age as area bishops protected the Jews resulting in increased trade and prosperity." The First Crusade began an era of persecution of Jews in Germany. Entire communities, like those of Trier, Worms, Mainz and Cologne, were slaughtered. The Hussite Wars became the signal for renewed persecution of Jews. The end of the 15th century was a period of religious hatred that ascribed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reichsbank
The ''Reichsbank'' (; 'Bank of the Reich, Bank of the Realm') was the central bank of the German Reich from 1876 until 1945. History until 1933 The Reichsbank was founded on 1 January 1876, shortly after the establishment of the German Empire in 1871. It was the central bank of Prussia, under the close control of the Reich government. Its first president was Hermann von Dechend. Before unification in 1871, Germany had 31 central banks – the Notenbanken ("note banks"). Each of the independent states issued their own money. In 1870, a law was passed that forbade the formation of further central banks. In 1874, a draft banking law was introduced in the ''Reichstag'', the federal legislature of the German Reich. After several changes and compromises, the law was passed in 1875. Despite the creation of the Reichsbank, however, four of the ''Notenbanken'' – Baden, Bavaria, Saxony and Württemberg – continued to exist until 1914 . The Reichsbank experienced both ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kurt Katch
Kurt Katch (born Isser Kac; January 28, 1893 – August 14, 1958) was a Polish film and television actor. He appeared in ''Quiet Please, Murder'', '' The Purple V'', ''The Mask of Dimitrios'', ''Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves'', among many others. Katch appeared in the first James Bond story filmed ( Casino Royale) in 1954 for the Climax! t.v. show. Katch died from cancer and is interred at Eden Memorial Park Cemetery in Los Angeles.Wilson, Scott. ''Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons'', 3d ed.: 2 (Kindle Locations 25047-25048). McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. Kindle Edition. Selected filmography *''Die Sekretärin des Gesandten'' (1919) *''Die geheimnisvolle Kugel'' (1919) - Wucherer Rascon Balthasar *''The Mexican'' (1919) *''Das Lied der Nornen'' (1919) - Sado *''Der Todesbote'' (1920) *''Ihr tollster Trick'' (1920) - Tom Gibson, Maler *''Das offene Grab'' (1921) *''Die Apotheke des Teufels'' (1921) - Charley *''Ein ungeklärter Fa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nathan The Wise
''Nathan the Wise'' (original German title: ', ) is a play by Gotthold Ephraim Lessing from 1779. It is a fervent plea for religious tolerance. It was never performed during Lessing's lifetime and was first performed in 1783 at the Döbbelinsches Theater in Berlin. Set in Jerusalem during the Third Crusade, it describes how the wise Jewish merchant Nathan, the enlightened sultan Saladin, and the (initially anonymous) Templar, bridge their gaps between Judaism, Islam, and Christianity. Its major themes are friendship, tolerance, relativism of God, a rejection of miracles and a need for communication. Synopsis The events take place during the Third Crusade (1189–1192) during an armistice in Jerusalem. When Nathan, a wealthy Jew, returns home from business travel, he learns that his foster daughter Recha was saved from a house fire by a young Christian Templar. The knight, in turn, owes his life to the Muslim ruler of Jerusalem, Sultan Saladin, who pardoned him as the only one ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gotthold Ephraim Lessing
Gotthold Ephraim Lessing (, ; 22 January 1729 – 15 February 1781) was a philosopher, dramatist, publicist and art critic, and a representative of the Enlightenment era. His plays and theoretical writings substantially influenced the development of German literature. He is widely considered by theatre historians to be the first dramaturg in his role at Abel Seyler's Hamburg National Theatre. Life Lessing was born in Kamenz, a small town in Saxony, to Johann Gottfried Lessing and Justine Salome Feller. His father was a Lutheran minister and wrote on theology. Young Lessing studied at the Latin School in Kamenz from 1737 to 1741. With a father who wanted his son to follow in his footsteps, Lessing next attended the Fürstenschule St. Afra in Meissen. After completing his education at St. Afra's, he enrolled at the University of Leipzig where he pursued a degree in theology, medicine, philosophy, and philology (1746–1748). It was here that his relationship with Karoline Neube ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Marriage Of Figaro
''The Marriage of Figaro'' ( it, Le nozze di Figaro, links=no, ), K. 492, is a ''commedia per musica'' (opera buffa) in four acts composed in 1786 by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, with an Italian libretto written by Lorenzo Da Ponte. It premiered at the Burgtheater in Vienna on 1 May 1786. The opera's libretto is based on the 1784 stage comedy by Pierre Beaumarchais, '' La folle journée, ou le Mariage de Figaro'' ("The Mad Day, or The Marriage of Figaro"). It tells how the servants Figaro and Susanna succeed in getting married, foiling the efforts of their philandering employer Count Almaviva to seduce Susanna and teaching him a lesson in fidelity. Considered one of the greatest operas ever written, it is a cornerstone of the repertoire and appears consistently among the top ten in the Operabase list of most frequently performed operas. In 2017, BBC News Magazine asked 172 opera singers to vote for the best operas ever written. ''The Marriage of Figaro'' came in first out of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Rosenstock
Joseph Rosenstock (, ; in Kraków in New York City) was an American conductor. Career Early years He worked at the State Theatre in Darmstadt, where, on , he conducted ''Hagith'' by Karol Szymanowski, and at the State Opera in Wiesbaden, where, on , he conducted the premiere of three short operas by Ernst Krenek: , , and , as part of the festival. He was brought into the Metropolitan Opera in New York City to replace Artur Bodanzky in 1928. However, he received such poor critical reviews that he himself resigned after only six performances and Bodanzky was brought back. , 1933–1936 Returning to Germany, he worked in Mannheim and, from 1933–1936, as conductor of the Berlin , notably conducting the (all-Jewish) German premiere of Verdi's ''Nabucco'' on . Tokyo, 1936–1946 Rosenstock left Berlin in 1936 and moved to Japan to conduct the Japan Symphony Orchestra (which had been founded in 1926 and became the NHK Symphony Orchestra in 1951). He remained in Tokyo until 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Office For Jewish Emigration
Central Office for Jewish Emigration (german: link=no, Zentralstelle für jüdische Auswanderung) was a designation of Nazi institutions in Vienna, Prague and Amsterdam. Their head office, the Reich Central Office for Jewish Emigration ('), was based in Berlin. Their purpose was to expel Jews from Nazi-controlled areas. History The office in Vienna, created in the former Palais Albert Rothschild at Prinz-Eugen-Straße 20-22, was founded in August of 1938 by Adolf Eichmann. He began the office as a way of getting around the red tape the Jews of Austria faced when trying to leave the country. Eichmann, wanting to speed up the rate at which Jews left areas of Nazi-controlled land, created an efficient machine to quicken the pace: I immediately said: this is like an automatic factory, let us say a flour mill connected to some bakery. You put in at the one end a Jew who still has capital and has, let us say, a factory or a shop or an account in a bank, and he passes through the ent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reichsvereinigung Der Juden In Deutschland
The Reich Association of Jews in Germany (german: Reichsvereinigung der Juden in Deutschland), also called the ''new one'' for clear differentiation, was a Jewish umbrella organisation formed in Nazi Germany in February 1939. The Association branched out from the Reich Representation of German Jews (''Reichsvertretung der Deutschen Juden'') established in September 1933. The ''new'' Association was an administrative body concerned predominantly with the coordination and support of the emigration and forcible deportation of Jewish people, subject to the Reich government's ever-changing legislation enforced by the RSHA (''Reichssicherheitshauptamt''). The legal status of the new organisation was changed on 4 July 1939 on the basis of the Nuremberg Laws, and defined by the 10th Regulation to the Citizenship Law issued by the ''Reich's ministry of the Interior''. The Association assumed the so-called old ''Reichsvereinigung der Juden in Deutschland'', which was the name under which the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gestapo
The (), abbreviated Gestapo (; ), was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and in German-occupied Europe. The force was created by Hermann Göring in 1933 by combining the various political police agencies of Prussia into one organisation. On 20 April 1934, oversight of the Gestapo passed to the head of the ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS), Heinrich Himmler, who was also appointed Chief of German Police by Hitler in 1936. Instead of being exclusively a Prussian state agency, the Gestapo became a national one as a sub-office of the (SiPo; Security Police). From 27 September 1939, it was administered by the Reich Security Main Office (RSHA). It became known as (Dept) 4 of the RSHA and was considered a sister organisation to the (SD; Security Service). During World War II, the Gestapo played a key role in the Holocaust. After the war ended, the Gestapo was declared a criminal organisation by the International Military Tribunal (IMT) at the Nuremberg trials. History After Adol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eike Geisel
Eike Geisel (1945 – 6 August 1997) was a German journalist known in Germany and Israel for his polemical essays on German and Jewish history and on Zionism. Literary career A characterization of the book ''An Eye for an Eye'' by John Sack in ''Frankfurter Rundschau'' (''taz'' had not accepted the article) as "Antisemitische Rohkost" (antisemitic raw food) stopped the German publishing of the translated book 1986. Geisel published among others in ''Haaretz'', an interview with Tom Segev about Israel's founding fathers. He translated some of the work of Hannah Arendt and essays about Zionism, Palestine and Germany into German. Together with Henryk Broder he published essays and a documentary film about Jüdischer Kulturbund (Jewish Cultural Union), an unknown chapter of Jewish German cultural life during the Nazi era. Published works * ''Vielleicht war das alles erst der Anfang. Tagebuch aus dem KZ Bergen-Belsen 1944-1945'' mit Hanna Levy-Hass; Rotbuch Verlag 1979 * ''Im ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henryk Broder
Henryk Marcin Broder (born 20 August 1946, self-designation Henryk Modest Broder) is a Polish-born German journalist, author, and TV personality. Broder is known for polemics, columns, and comments in written and audiovisual media. Starting as author for liberal and left medias konkret, Frankfurter Rundschau and St. Pauli Report, he became more mainstream and wrote for the magazine ''Der Spiegel'', as well as its online version and the daily Berlin newspaper ''Der Tagesspiegel''. Since 2010, he has been writing for publications of conservative Springer SE ''Die Welt'', ''Welt am Sonntag'' and appears in Welt TV. He is co-editor of ' (The Jewish calendar), a compilation of quotes and texts relating to German Jewish culture, published annually. Besides his numerous publications, he appears as a frequent guest on German TV talk shows. In 2010 and 2011, he produced and starred, alongside Egyptian-German writer and political scientist Hamed Abdel-Samad, in the satirical TV series ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
