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Justinian's Institutes
The ''Institutes'' ( la, Institutiones) is a component of the ''Corpus Juris Civilis'', the 6th-century codification of Roman law ordered by the Byzantine emperor Justinian I. It is largely based upon the ''Institutes'' of Gaius, a Roman jurist of the second century A.D. The other parts of the ''Corpus Juris Civilis'' are the '' Digest'', the ''Codex Justinianus'', and the ''Novellae Constitutiones'' ("New Constitutions" or "Novels"). Drafting and publication Justinian's Institutes was one part of his effort to codify Roman law and to reform legal education, of which the Digest also was a part. Whereas the Digest was to be used by advanced law students, Justinian's Institutes was to be a textbook for new students. The need for a new text for first year students was addressed as early as 530 in the constitution "Deo auctore," where reference is made to something "...which may be promulgated to replace the elementary works, so that the raw intelligence of the student, nourished b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Institutiones Justiniani (1592)
Institutiones may refer to several works: * Institutes of Gaius, legal textbook, written about 161 AD * Institutes of Justinian, la, Institutiones Justiniani or "Justinian's Institutes", sixth century, largely based upon the Institutes of Gaius * ''Institutiones Divinarum et Saecularium Litterarum'', an encyclopedic work by Cassiodorus, sixth century * Institutio canonicorum Aquisgranensis, ''Institutiones Aquisgranenses'', the Instruction of canons of Aachen, disseminated in 816 * Institutiones calculi differentialis ''Institutiones calculi differentialis'' (''Foundations of differential calculus'') is a mathematical work written in 1748 by Leonhard Euler and published in 1755 that lays the groundwork for the differential calculus. It consists of a single volu ..., Leonhard Euler, published 1755 See also * Institute (other) * The Institutes (other) {{disambig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ulpian
Ulpian (; la, Gnaeus Domitius Annius Ulpianus; c. 170223? 228?) was a Roman jurist born in Tyre. He was considered one of the great legal authorities of his time and was one of the five jurists upon whom decisions were to be based according to the Law of Citations of Valentinian III. Biography The exact time and place of his birth are unknown, but the period of his literary activity was between AD 211 and 222. He made his first appearance in public life as assessor in the auditorium of Papinian and member of the council of Septimius Severus; under Caracalla he was master of the requests (''magister libellorum''). Elagabalus (also known as Heliogabalus) banished him from Rome, but on the accession of Severus Alexander (222) he was reinstated, and finally became the emperor's chief adviser and ''Praefectus Praetorio''. During the Severan dynasty, the position of Praetorian prefect in Italy came increasingly to resemble a general administrative post, and there was a tendency to ap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latin Prose Texts
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the Roman Republic it became the dominant language in the Italian region and subsequently throughout the Roman Empire. Even after the fall of Western Rome, Latin remained the common language of international communication, science, scholarship and academia in Europe until well into the 18th century, when other regional vernaculars (including its own descendants, the Romance languages) supplanted it in common academic and political usage, and it eventually became a dead language in the modern linguistic definition. Latin is a highly inflected language, with three distinct genders (masculine, feminine, and neuter), six or seven noun cases (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, ablative, and vocative), five declensions, four verb conjuga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Byzantine Law
Byzantine law was essentially a continuation of Roman law with increased Orthodox Christian and Hellenistic influence. Most sources define ''Byzantine law'' as the Roman legal traditions starting after the reign of Justinian I in the 6th century and ending with the Fall of Constantinople in the 15th century. Although future Byzantine codes and constitutions derived largely from Justinian's ''Corpus Juris Civilis'', their main objectives were idealistic and ceremonial rather than practical. Following Hellenistic and Near-Eastern political systems, legislations were tools to idealize and display the sacred role and responsibility of the emperor as the holy monarch chosen by God and the incarnation of law "'' nómos émpsychos"'', thus having philosophical and religious purposes that idealized the perfect Byzantine king. Though during and after the European Renaissance Western legal practices were heavily influenced by ''Justinian's Code'' (the ''Corpus Juris Civilis'') and Roman l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Novel (Roman Law)
In Roman law, a novel ( la, novella constitutio, "new decree"; gr, νεαρά, neara) is a new decree or edict, in other words a new law. The term was used from the fourth century AD onwards and was specifically used for laws issued after the publishing of the ''Codex Theodosianus'' in 438 and then for the Justiniac Novels, or ''Novellae Constitutiones''. The term was used on and off in later Roman history until falling out of use during the late Byzantine period. See also * Constitution (Roman law) * International Roman Law Moot Court * List of Roman laws This is a partial list of Roman laws. A Roman law (Latin: ''lex'') is usually named for the sponsoring legislator and designated by the adjectival form of his ''gens'' name ('' nomen gentilicum''), in the feminine form because the noun ''lex'' (pl ... References Further reading *H.F. Jolowicz and B. Nicholas, ''Historical Introduction to Roman Law'', 3rd edn. (1972) Roman law Byzantine law {{AncientRome-law-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Roman Laws
This is a partial list of Roman laws. A Roman law (Latin: ''lex'') is usually named for the sponsoring legislator and designated by the adjectival form of his ''gens'' name ('' nomen gentilicum''), in the feminine form because the noun ''lex'' (plural ''leges'') is of feminine grammatical gender. When a law is the initiative of the two consuls, it is given the name of both, with the ''nomen'' of the senior consul first. Sometimes a law is further specified by a short phrase describing the content of the law, to distinguish that law from others sponsored by members of the same ''gens''. Roman laws Post-Roman law codes based on Roman legislation *''lex Romana Burgundionum'' one of the law tables for Romans after the fall of the Western Roman Empire *'' lex Romana Visigothorum'' (AD 506) one of the law tables for Romans after the fall of the Western Roman Empire General denominations *'' lex agraria'' A law regulating distribution of public lands *'' lex annalis'' A law re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Roman Law Moot Court
The International Roman Law Moot Court (IRLMC) is an international European annual moot court competition in Roman law. Participating universities are the University of Oxford, the University of Cambridge, the University of Naples Federico II, the University of Vienna, the Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, the University of Liège, the University of Trier and the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. History and process The first five competitions from 2008 to 2012 were organized under the auspices of the Mohamed Ali Institute for the Study of Eastern Tradition (IMARET). This non-governmental organization dedicated to promoting the common heritage of the Mediterranean countries is based in Kavala in northern Greece and is now known as the MOHA Research Center. Since then, the University of Cambridge has taken over the organization and management. Various preliminary rounds must be completed by the students in order to be selected for the competing team of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitution (Roman Law)
In Roman law, a constitution is a generic name for a legislative enactment by a Roman emperor. It includes ''edicts'', ''decrees'' (judicial decisions) and ''rescripts'' (written answers to officials or petitioners). ''Mandata'' (instructions) given by the Emperor to officials were not Constitutions but created legal rules that could be relied upon by individuals. One of the most important constitutions issued by a Roman emperor was Caracalla's ''Constitutio Antoniniana'' of 212, also called the ''Edict of Caracalla'' or the ''Antonine Constitution'', which declared that all free men of the Roman Empire were to be given Roman citizenship and all free women in the Empire were to be given the same rights as Roman women. See also * Roman Constitution References Further reading *H.F. Jolowicz and B. Nicholas, ''Historical Introduction to Roman Law'', 3rd edn. (1972) *Tony Honoré Anthony Maurice Honoré, (30 March 1921 – 26 February 2019) was a British lawyer and jurist, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samuel Parsons Scott
Samuel Parsons Scott (8 July 1846 – 30 May 1929), known as S. P. Scott, was an American attorney, banker and scholar. He was born in Hillsboro, Ohio, where he received a classics-based education at the Hillsboro Academy; he went on to earn his A.B. degree from the Miami University in 1868, was elected to Phi Beta Kappa, and obtained his A.M. degree from the same institution the following year. Scott was licensed to practice law in 1868 and was an attorney for several years in Leavenworth, Kansas and in San Francisco, but he left the practice of law in 1875 to return to Hillsboro and the family banking business. Thereafter, he also traveled in Europe, studied, and wrote. Late in his life, he served for many years on the editorial staff of the American Bar Association's Comparative Law Bureau. Scholarship In the early 1860s, Scott wrote many articles about his travels in Spain and then reworked them into his first book, ''Through Spain'', which was published in 1886. Scott demonst ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thomas Collett Sandars
Thomas Collett Sandars (1825–1894) was an English barrister, best known as an editor of the ''Institutes of Justinian''. Life The eldest son of Samuel Sandars of Lochnere, near Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire, he matriculated at Balliol College, Oxford, on 30 November 1843. He was a scholar there from 1843 to 1849, graduated B.A. in 1848 (having taken first-class honours in literis humanioribus and the chancellor's Latin-verse prize), became fellow of Oriel College in 1849, and proceeded M.A. in 1851. Sandars was called to the bar in 1851, and was reader of constitutional law and history to the Inns of Court from 1865 to 1873. He had interests in commerce, in later years, and went twice to Egypt in 1877 and 1880 to represent the Association of Foreign Bondholders. He was also chairman of the Mexican Railway Company. Sandars died on 2 August 1894 at Queen Anne's Mansions, Westminster. Works Sandars is remembered mainly for his edition of Justinian's ''Institutes'', which first ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eduard Huschke
Georg Philipp Eduard Huschke (26 June 18017 February 1886) was a German jurist and authority on church government. He was born at Hannoversch Münden, a town in Lower Saxony, Germany. In 1817 Huschke went to Göttingen to study law. He was encouraged by Friedrich Carl von Savigny to go to Berlin, but returned to Göttingen and established himself as privatdozent, lecturing on the orations of Cicero, on Gaius and the history of law. Later he was appointed to a professorship in Rostock. In 1827 he accepted the position of professor of Roman law in Breslau. Soon after his arrival in Breslau he became interested in the dissension caused by the Prussian Union (Evangelical Christian Church), Evangelical Union which were forced upon the Lutheran Orthodoxy, orthodox Old Lutherans by the state rulers, and took a prominent part in the debates. Huschke tried to solve the problem practically as soon as he came to Breslau. This dispute led to the creation of the independent Lutheran Church, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Krüger (jurist)
Paul Krüger (20 March 1840 – 11 May 1926) was a German jurist. Biography He was born in Berlin, where he studied jurisprudence (1858–60). In 1863, he began to lecture on Roman law at the University of Berlin. In 1870, he became an associate professor of law at the University of Marburg, where he attained a full professorship during the following year. Afterwards, he served as a professor at the universities of Innsbruck (from 1872), Königsberg (from 1874; rector 1883/84) and Bonn (from 1888).Krüger, Paul Hessian Biography Works * ''Prozessualische Konsumtion und Rechtskraft des Erkenntnisses'' (“Diligence in legal proceedings and the validity of judgments,” 1864) * ''Kritik des Justinianischen Codex'' (“Critique of the Justinian Codex,” 1867) * ''Kritische Versuche im Gebiete des römischen Rechts'' (“Criti ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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