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June 1990 Mineriad
The June 1990 Mineriad was the suppression of anti- National Salvation Front (FSN) rioting in Bucharest, Romania by the physical intervention of groups of industrial workers as well as coal miners from the Jiu Valley, brought to Bucharest by the government to counter the rising violence of the protesters.Deletant, Dennis. "Chapter 25: The Security Services since 1989: Turning over a new leaf." 2004. Carey, Henry F., ed. ''Romania since 1989: politics, economics, and society.'' Lexington Books: Oxford. Pages 507-510. This event occurred several weeks after the FSN achieved a landslide victory in the May 1990 gener ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mineriad
The mineriads ( ro, mineriade) were a series of protests and often violent altercations by Jiu Valley miners in Bucharest during the 1990s, particularly 1990–91. The term "mineriad" is also used to refer to the most significant and violent of these encounters, which occurred June 1990 Mineriad, June 13–15, 1990. During the 1990s, the Jiu Valley miners played Jiu Valley#The 1990s: the rise and decline of miners' unions, a visible role in Romanian politics, and their protests reflected inter-political and societal struggles after the Romanian Revolution. January 1990 mineriad 28 January After the National Salvation Front (Romania), National Salvation Front's decision to transform itself into a political party, an anti-Communist demonstration took place in Bucharest's Victoria Square, Bucharest, Victoria Square (Piața Victoriei), organised by the Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party (PNȚ-CD), National Liberal Party (Romania), National Liberal Party (PNL), and other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romanian Revolution
The Romanian Revolution ( ro, Revoluția Română), also known as the Christmas Revolution ( ro, Revoluția de Crăciun), was a period of violent civil unrest in Romania during December 1989 as a part of the Revolutions of 1989 that occurred in several countries around the world. The Romanian Revolution started in the city of Timișoara and soon spread throughout the country, ultimately culminating in the drumhead trial and execution of longtime Romanian Communist Party (PCR) General Secretary Nicolae Ceaușescu and his wife Elena, and the end of 42 years of Communist rule in Romania. It was also the last removal of a Marxist–Leninist government in a Warsaw Pact country during the events of 1989, and the only one that violently overthrew a country's leadership and executed its leader; according to estimates, over one thousand people died and thousands more were injured. Following World War II, Romania was placed under the Soviet sphere of influence in 1947 with Communist rul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Victoria Palace
The Victoria Palace () is a government building on the large Victory Square () in Bucharest, housing the Prime Minister of Romania and his cabinet. The Victory Palace was designed in 1937 to house the Foreign Ministry, and nearly complete in 1944. It was designed by architect Duiliu Marcu (1885–1966), who had designed many major buildings in 1920s and 30s Romania, including many major government projects in the 1930s and 40s. The Victory Palace is a stylised monumental classical design, with an arcaded ground level, a long colonnade of slim piers on the main front, and two recessed top floors. The facades were entirely clad in Carrara marble, with reliefs in the panels at either end, and there were generously decorated interiors. The building suffered heavy damage in the 1944 Bombing of Bucharest in World War II. It then underwent significant restoration and reconstruction works, being reclad in travertine, without the reliefs and less ornate interiors, finally opening in 1952 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Victory Square, Bucharest
Victory Square ( ro, Piața Victoriei, ) is one of the major public squares in Bucharest, Romania, an intersection where Calea Victoriei, Lascăr Catargiu Boulevard, Iancu de Hunedoara Boulevard, Kiseleff Boulevard, Ion Mihalache Boulevard, and Nicolae Titulescu Boulevard cross. History The Victory Square received its name in 1878, although it appeared in maps fifty years earlier, when the Kiseleff Road was cut. Initially, the square had an almost circular shape, edged by public buildings, the Antipa Museum (the western side), the Sturdza Palace (the eastern side), and the Building of the Public Officials Association (the southern side), the last two no longer existing. During the interwar period, the Victoria Palace is added in the Square, right behind the Sturdza Palace. On 24 and 25 August 1944, during World War II, after Romania started to fight together with the Allies in the wake of the coup d'état of 23 August, some buildings with important functions were bombarde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romanian Revolution Of 1989
The Romanian Revolution ( ro, Revoluția Română), also known as the Christmas Revolution ( ro, Revoluția de Crăciun), was a period of violent civil unrest in Romania during December 1989 as a part of the Revolutions of 1989 that occurred in several countries around the world. The Romanian Revolution started in the city of Timișoara and soon spread throughout the country, ultimately culminating in the drumhead trial and execution of longtime Romanian Communist Party (PCR) General Secretary Nicolae Ceaușescu and his wife Elena, and the end of 42 years of Communist rule in Romania. It was also the last removal of a Marxist–Leninist government in a Warsaw Pact country during the events of 1989, and the only one that violently overthrew a country's leadership and executed its leader; according to estimates, over one thousand people died and thousands more were injured. Following World War II, Romania was placed under the Soviet sphere of influence in 1947 with Communist rul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romanian Television
Televiziunea Română (), more commonly referred to as TVR , is the short name for Societatea Română de Televiziune ("Romanian Television Society"; SRTV), the Romanian public television. It operates six channels: TVR1, TVR2, TVR3, TVR Info, TVR Cultural, TVRi, and TVR Moldova along with six regional studios in Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca, Iași, Timișoara, Craiova and Târgu Mureș. TVR1 has a total national coverage of 99.8%, virtually the entire Romanian population, and TVR2 has 91% national coverage. All of the other channels and networks solely broadcast in major population centers. Even though it does not have the largest audience, due to the dominance of the five private TV networks (which consistently get higher ratings in the urban market segment), it offers a wider variety of services, including webcasts and international viewing via TVRi. As of November 2019, TVR 1 and TVR 2 broadcast in full high-definition. History Early years TVR was established in 1956 in the capit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christian-Democratic People's Party (Romania)
The Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party ( ro, Partidul Național Țărănesc Creștin Democrat, officially abbreviated PNȚCD) is a Christian democratic and agrarian political party in Romania. It claims to be the rightful successor of the interwar ''National Peasants' Party'' (PNȚ), created from the merger of the Romanian National Party (PNR) from the then Austro-Hungarian-ruled Transylvania and the Peasants' Party (PȚ) from the Romanian Old Kingdom. PNȚCD was the largest and most important political party of the Romanian Democratic Convention ( ro, Convenția Democrată Română, CDR) during the 1990s and was led by Corneliu Coposu and Ion Diaconescu, two former political prisoners during Communism, but as the 2000s began it gradually feel out of grace amongst centre-right Romanian voters and slowly became an inactive microparty. The party was subsequently excluded from the European People's Party (EPP) in June 2017. Eventually, it joined the European Christian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christian-Democratic National Peasants' Party
The Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party ( ro, Partidul Național Țărănesc Creștin Democrat, officially abbreviated PNȚCD) is a Christian democratic and agrarian political party in Romania. It claims to be the rightful successor of the interwar ''National Peasants' Party'' (PNȚ), created from the merger of the Romanian National Party (PNR) from the then Austro-Hungarian-ruled Transylvania and the Peasants' Party (PȚ) from the Romanian Old Kingdom. PNȚCD was the largest and most important political party of the Romanian Democratic Convention ( ro, Convenția Democrată Română, CDR) during the 1990s and was led by Corneliu Coposu and Ion Diaconescu, two former political prisoners during Communism, but as the 2000s began it gradually feel out of grace amongst centre-right Romanian voters and slowly became an inactive microparty. The party was subsequently excluded from the European People's Party (EPP) in June 2017. Eventually, it joined the European Christian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Golaniad
The Golaniad ( ro, Golaniada , from the word ''golan'' meaning "hoodlum") was a protest in Romania in the University Square (Bucharest), University Square, Bucharest. It was initiated by students and professors at the University of Bucharest. The Golaniad started in April 1990, before the 1990 Romanian general election, election of 20 May 1990, which was the first election after the Romanian Revolution of December 1989. Their main demand was that former leading members of the Romanian Communist Party, Communist Party should be banned from standing in elections. Background Ion Iliescu and the National Salvation Front (Romania), National Salvation Front (FSN) seized power during the 1989 revolution. The FSN organization was meant to act as a temporary government until free elections were to be held. However, on 23 January 1990, despite its earlier claims, it decided to become a party and to run in the elections it would organize. Some of the dissenters and anti-communists who joine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fascist
Fascism is a far-right, Authoritarianism, authoritarian, ultranationalism, ultra-nationalist political Political ideology, ideology and Political movement, movement,: "extreme militaristic nationalism, contempt for electoral democracy and political and cultural liberalism, a belief in natural social hierarchy and the rule of elites, and the desire to create a (German: “people’s community”), in which individual interests would be subordinated to the good of the nation" characterized by a dictatorial leader, centralized autocracy, militarism, forcible suppression of opposition, belief in a natural social hierarchy, subordination of Individualism, individual interests for the perceived good of the nation and race, and strong regimentation of society and the economy. Fascism rose to prominence in early 20th-century Europe. The first fascist movements Italian Fascism, emerged in Italy during World War I, before Fascism in Europe, spreading to other European countries, most n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hooliganism
Hooliganism is disruptive or unlawful behavior such as rioting, bullying and vandalism, usually in connection with crowds at sporting events. Etymology There are several theories regarding the origin of the word ''hooliganism,'' which is a derivative of the word wiktionary:hooligan#Noun, hooligan. ''The Compact Oxford English Dictionary'' states that the word may have originated from the surname of a rowdy Irish people, Irish family in a music hall song of the 1890s. Clarence Rook, in his 1899 book, ''Hooligan Nights'', wrote that the word came from Patrick Hoolihan (or Hooligan), an Irish Bouncer (doorman), bouncer and thief who lived in London. In 2015, it was said in the BBC Scotland TV programme ''The Secret Life of Midges'' that the English commander-in-chief during the Jacobite rising of 1745, General Wade, misheard the local Scots Gaelic word for midge—''meanbh-chuileag''—and coined the word ''hooligan'' to describe his fury and frustration at the way the tiny bitin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proclamation Of Timișoara
The Proclamation of Timișoara was a thirteen-point written document, drafted on March 11, 1990, by the Timișoara participants in Romania's Romanian Revolution of 1989, 1989 Revolution, and partly issued in reaction to the January 1990 Mineriad, first Mineriad. Organized as the ''Timișoara Society'' and other bodies of students and workers, the signers expressed Liberal democracy, liberal-democratic goals, which they saw as representing the revolutionary legacy. The best-known requirement formed the document's 8th Point, calling for all former Romanian Communist Party ''nomenklatura'' and Securitate cadres to be banned from holding public office for a period of 10 years (or three consecutive legislatures), with an emphasis on the office of President of Romania, President (''see Lustration''). Questioning the status of the governing National Salvation Front (Romania), National Salvation Front, the Proclamation argued that the latter primarily represented a small group of Communist d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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