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July Victims
The July victims ( hr, Srpanjske žrtve) were members of the Croatian People's Party who fell victim to a crackdown by the Austrian Imperial Army on July 29, 1845. In 1845, there were local elections for the government of Zagreb County, the county containing the capital of Croatia, Zagreb. The Croatian-Hungarian Party candidate won by voter fraud. Upon the announcement of election results, members of the People's Party took to St. Mark's Square to protest the result and accused the winners of vote fraud. The Croatian ban, the ethnic Hungarian Franz Haller called on the Austrian Army to empty the square. When the army moved in to empty the square, one of the protesters, Mirko Bogović, attacked an army officer with a sabre. The army officer was defended by a soldier who fired at Bogović. That led to other soldiers believing an order to fire was issued. The army emptied their bullets into the crowd. In the end, thirteen of the People's Party's protesters were killed and 27 were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ban Of Croatia
Ban of Croatia ( hr, Hrvatski ban) was the title of local rulers or office holders and after 1102, viceroys of Croatia. From the earliest periods of the Croatian state, some provinces were ruled by bans as a ruler's representative (viceroy) and supreme military commander. In the 18th century, Croatian bans eventually became the chief government officials in Croatia. They were at the head of the Ban's Government, effectively the first prime ministers of Croatia. The institution of ban persisted until the first half of the 20th century, when it was officially superseded in function by that of a parliamentary prime minister. Origin of title South Slavic ''ban'' (, with a long ), is directly attested in 10th-century Constantine Porphyrogenitus' book '' De Administrando Imperio'' as ', in a chapter dedicated to Croats and the organisation of their state, describing how their ban "has under his rule Krbava, Lika and Gacka." Bans during the Trpimirović dynasty References from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1845 In Croatia
Events January–March * January 10 – Elizabeth Barrett receives a love letter from the younger poet Robert Browning; on May 20, they meet for the first time in London. She begins writing her ''Sonnets from the Portuguese''. * January 23 – The United States Congress establishes a uniform date for federal elections, which will henceforth be held on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November. * January 29 – ''The Raven'' by Edgar Allan Poe is published for the first time, in the ''New York Evening Mirror''. * February 1 – Anson Jones, President of the Republic of Texas, signs the charter officially creating Baylor University (the oldest university in the State of Texas operating under its original name). * February 7 – In the British Museum, a drunken visitor smashes the Portland Vase, which takes months to repair. * February 28 – The United States Congress approves the annexation of Texas. * March 1 – President John Tyler signs a bill authorizing t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latin
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the Roman Republic it became the dominant language in the Italian region and subsequently throughout the Roman Empire. Even after the fall of Western Rome, Latin remained the common language of international communication, science, scholarship and academia in Europe until well into the 18th century, when other regional vernaculars (including its own descendants, the Romance languages) supplanted it in common academic and political usage, and it eventually became a dead language in the modern linguistic definition. Latin is a highly inflected language, with three distinct genders (masculine, feminine, and neuter), six or seven noun cases (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, ablative, and vocative), five declensions, four verb conjuga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Croatian Language
Croatian (; ' ) is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian pluricentric language used by Croats, principally in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Serbian province of Vojvodina, and other neighboring countries. It is the official and literary standard of Croatia and one of the official languages of the European Union. Croatian is also one of the official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina and a recognized minority language in Serbia and neighboring countries. Standard Croatian is based on the most widespread dialect of Serbo-Croatian, Shtokavian, more specifically on Eastern Herzegovinian, which is also the basis of Standard Serbian, Bosnian, and Montenegrin. In the mid-18th century, the first attempts to provide a Croatian literary standard began on the basis of the Neo-Shtokavian dialect that served as a supraregional ''lingua franca'' pushing back regional Chakavian, Kajkavian, and Shtokavian vernaculars. The decisive role was played by Croatian Vukovians, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Croatia (925–1102)
The Kingdom of Croatia ( hr, Kraljevina Hrvatska; la, Regnum Croatiae), or Croatian Kingdom ( hr, Hrvatsko Kraljevstvo), was a medieval kingdom in Southern Europe comprising most of what is today Croatia (without western Istria and some Dalmatian coastal cities), as well as most of the modern-day Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Croatian Kingdom was ruled for part of its existence by ethnic dynasties, and the Kingdom existed as a sovereign state for nearly two centuries. Its existence was characterized by various conflicts and periods of peace or alliance with the Bulgarians, Byzantines, Hungarians, and competition with Venice for control over the eastern Adriatic coast. The goal of promoting the Croatian language in the religious service was initially introduced by the 10th century bishop Gregory of Nin, which resulted in a conflict with the Pope, later to be put down by him. In the second half of the 11th century Croatia managed to secure most coastal cities of Dalmatia with the c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Illyrian Movement
The Illyrian movement ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, Ilirski pokret, Илирски покрет; sl, Ilirsko gibanje) was a pan-South-Slavic cultural and political campaign with roots in the early modern period, and revived by a group of young Croatian intellectuals during the first half of the 19th century, around the years of 1835–1863 (there is some disagreement regarding the official dates from 1835 to 1870). This movement aimed to create a Croatian national establishment in Austria-Hungary through linguistic and ethnic unity, and through it lay the foundation for cultural and linguistic unification of all South Slavs under the revived umbrella term '' Illyrian''. Aspects of the movement pertaining to the development of Croatian culture are considered in Croatian historiography to be part of the Croatian national revival ( hr, Hrvatski narodni preporod). Name In the 19th century, the name ''Illyrian'' was chosen by the members of the movement as a reference to the theory according t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mirogoj
The Mirogoj City Cemetery (, hr, Gradsko groblje Mirogoj), also known as Mirogoj Cemetery ( hr, Groblje Mirogoj), is a cemetery park that is considered to be among the more noteworthy landmarks in the city of Zagreb. The cemetery inters members of all religious groups: Catholic, Orthodox, Muslim, Jewish, Protestant, Latter Day Saints; irreligious graves can all be found. In the arcades are the last resting places of many famous Croats. History The Mirogoj Cemetery was built on a plot of land owned by the linguist Ljudevit Gaj, purchased by the city in 1872, after his death. Architect Hermann Bollé designed the main building. The new cemetery was inaugurated on 6 November 1876. The construction of the arcades, the cupolas, and the church in the entryway was begun in 1879. Due to lack of funding, work was finished only in 1929. Unlike the older cemeteries, which were church-owned, Mirogoj was owned by the city, and accepted burials from all religious backgrounds. On 22 March ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juraj Haulik
Juraj Haulik de Váralya ( sk, Juraj Haulík Váralyai, hu, Haulík Váralyai György; 20 April 1788 – 11 May 1869) was a Croatian cardinal in the Roman Catholic Church of Slovak ethnicity and the first archbishop of Zagreb. He was also acting ban of Croatia for two separate terms. Life He studied theology and philosophy in Trnava, Esztergom and Vienna. After the death of bishop Aleksandar Alagović in 1837, Haulik was proclaimed bishop. In 1840 he began his first term as acting ban of Croatia after the death of ban Franjo Vlašić. He is credited for introducing the Croatian language into schools and workplaces, as well as forming the Matica hrvatska in 1842. He helped the organization of Maksimir park in Zagreb. He was succeeded as ban by the Hungarian Franz Haller. Haller was brought in to carry on Magyarization in Croatia, which included the banning of the then Croatian banner name: Illyrians. A protest by the Croatian People's Party in 1845 was put out violently by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mirko Bogović
Mirko Bogović (2 February 1816, in Varaždin – 4 May 1893, in Zagreb) was a Croatian poet and politician. He graduated in philosophy in Szombathely in 1830, cadet school in Petrovaradin (1833–1837) and law in Pest, Hungary, Pest in 1844. He wrote satirical poems incorporating Romance (love), romance, politics and patriotism as subjects. During the Bach's absolutism, autocracy of von Bach in the 1850s, Bogović was the central person of Croatian literature in the Austrian Empire; as one of the founders of the Croatian novella ("''Pripovijesti''"). In 1867 he was the Grand Perfect of the Zagreb County (former), Zagreb County while in period between 1871 and 1875 he served as the ministerial adviser in Budapest. While his work was voluminous and prominent during his lifetime, it was subsequently often regarded as wikt:mediocre, mediocre by literally critics. References 1816 births 1893 deaths People from Varaždin Croatian male poets Croatian politicians Croatian satir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Franz Haller
Ferenc Haller, ''count Haller von Hallerkeö'' (24 March 1796 – 5 March 1875) was a Hungarian politician. He served as ban of Croatia-Slavonia between 1842 and 1845 during the Croatian national revival and the Illyrian movement in the 1830s and 1840s. Haller was born in Kerelőszentpál, Transylvania, as a member of the Hungarian-Transylvanian branch of the Haller von Hallerstein family. He was promoted by emperor Franz Joseph as ban on 16 June 1842 and was later promoted to lieutenant general. He took office on 18 October. Haller was brought in to carry on Magyarization in Croatia. In 1843, the use of the Illyrian name was banned. In large part due to the July victims incident, in which thirteen protesters were killed in Zagreb, Haller resigned his post and continued his military career in the Austrian Empire. Bishop Juraj Haulik became ban soon after. In 1845 Haller donated 500 forint for building the Croatian National Theatre in Zagreb Zagreb ( , , , ) is the capita ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vote Fraud
Electoral fraud, sometimes referred to as election manipulation, voter fraud or vote rigging, involves illegal interference with the process of an election, either by increasing the vote share of a favored candidate, depressing the vote share of rival candidates, or both. It differs from but often goes hand-in-hand with voter suppression. What exactly constitutes electoral fraud varies from country to country. Electoral legislation outlaws many kinds of election fraud, * also at but other practices violate general laws, such as those banning assault, harassment or libel. Although technically the term "electoral fraud" covers only those acts which are illegal, the term is sometimes used to describe Election subversion, acts which are legal, but considered morally unacceptable, outside the spirit of an election or in violation of the principles of democracy. Show elections, featuring only one candidate, are sometimes classified as electoral fraud, although they may comply with the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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