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Joule (other)
The joule (symbol: J) is the SI derived unit of energy Joule or joules may also refer to: People * Joule (surname) * James Prescott Joule (1818–1889), English physicist and namesake of the term ''joule'' Places * 12759 Joule, an asteroid * Joule (crater), on the Moon Companies and organizations * Joule Assets, American provider of energy reduction market analysis, tools and financing * Joule Centre, an energy research centre based at the University of Manchester, England * Joule Inc., a subsidiary of the Canadian Medical Association * Joule Unlimited, formerly Joule Biotechnologies, producer of alternative energy technologies * Joules (clothing), a British casual clothes brand * JouleX, former software company * The Joule Hotel, Dallas, Texas, US Science and technology * Joule (programming language) * Joule cycle, a thermodynamic cycle * Joule effect and Joule's law, several physical effects discovered by James Prescott Joule * Joule expansion, a particular thermodynamic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joule
The joule ( , ; symbol: J) is the unit of energy in the International System of Units (SI). It is equal to the amount of work done when a force of 1 newton displaces a mass through a distance of 1 metre in the direction of the force applied. It is also the energy dissipated as heat when an electric current of one ampere passes through a resistance of one ohm for one second. It is named after the English physicist James Prescott Joule (1818–1889). Definition In terms of SI base units and in terms of SI derived units with special names, the joule is defined as One joule can also be defined by any of the following: * The work required to move an electric charge of one coulomb through an electrical potential difference of one volt, or one coulomb-volt (C⋅V). This relationship can be used to define the volt. * The work required to produce one watt of power for one second, or one watt-second (W⋅s) (compare kilowatt-hour, which is 3.6 megajoules). This relationship can b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joule Effect
Joule effect and Joule's law are any of several different physical effects discovered or characterized by English physicist James Prescott Joule. These physical effects are not the same, but all are frequently or occasionally referred to in the literature as the "Joule effect" or "Joule law" These physical effects include: * "Joule's first law" (Joule heating), a physical law expressing the relationship between the heat generated and the current flowing through a conductor. * Joule's second law states that the internal energy of an ideal gas is independent of its volume and pressure, depending only on its temperature. * Magnetostriction, a property of ferromagnetic materials that causes them to change their shape when subjected to a magnetic field. * The Joule–Thomson effect (during Joule expansion), the temperature change of a gas (usually cooling) when it is allowed to expand freely. * The Gough–Joule effect or the Gow–Joule effect, which is the tendency of elastomers to cont ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gough–Joule Effect
The Gough–Joule effect (a.k.a. Gow–Joule effect) is originally the tendency of elastomers to contract when heated if they are under tension. Elastomers that are not under tension do not see this effect. The term is also used more generally to refer to the dependence of the temperature of any solid on the mechanical deformation. This effect can be observed in nylon strings of classical guitars, whereby the string contracts as a result of heating. If an elastic band is first stretched and then subjected to heating, it will shrink rather than expand. This effect was first observed by John Gough in 1802, and was investigated further by James Joule in the 1850s, when it then became known as the Gough–Joule effect. ''Examples in Literature:'' * Popular Science magazine, January 1972: "A stretched piece of rubber ''contracts'' when heated. In doing so, it exerts a measurable increase in its pull. This surprising property of rubber was first observed by James Prescott Joule about ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joule (journal)
''Joule'' is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Cell Press. It was established in 2017 as a sister journal to ''Cell''. The editor-in-chief is Philip Earis. Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in: According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2020 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a scientometric index calculated by Clarivate that reflects the yearly mean number of citations of articles published in the last two years in a given journal, as i ... of 41.248. References External links * Publications established in 2017 Cell Press academic journals Sustainability journals Delayed open access journals Monthly journals {{environment-journal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Optimal Energy Joule
Joule was an electric five seat passenger car by Optimal Energy, a South African company based in Cape Town. According to the company, it was to have a nominal driving range of 150 km and a top speed of 135 km/h. Designed to achieve a Euro NCAP 4 star safety rating, it complied with the stringent EU standards. It was a concept car that was never released commercially; development ceased in April 2012, and in June 2012 Optimal Energy announced its intention to close down. Unveiling The Joule was first unveiled to the general public at the 2008 Paris Motor Show on October 2, 2008. It underwent some interior and exterior changes, most notably the change from a six-seater to a 5-seater vehicle, before being revealed to the public at the 2010 Geneva Motor show on 2 March 2010 in a form that was close to the final version. Optimal Energy The Joule was the first electric car to be produced by Optimal Energy, the Cape Town based company has been working on the concept since ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Submarine Joule (Q84)
French submarine ''Joule'' (Q84) was a Laubeuf type submarineJane p199 of the ''Brumaire'' class, built for the French Navy prior to World War I.Conway p209 Design and construction ''Joule'' was ordered by the French Navy as part of its 1906 programme and was laid down at the Toulon Naval Yard in November of that year. Work progressed slowly, and she was not launched until 7 September 1911. She was commissioned on 10 May 1912. ''Joule'' was equipped with licence-built M.A.N. diesel engines for surface propulsion, and electric motors for power while submerged. She carried eight torpedoes, two internally and six externally. ''Joule'' was named for James Prescott Joule, the 19th century British physicist.Castel Service history At the outbreak of the First World War ''Joule'' was part of the French Mediterranean Fleet. In the spring of 1915 she was dispatched as part of a French task force to assist in the naval assault on the Dardanelles, the first stage of the Gallipoli campa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joule Thief
A joule thief is a minimalist self-oscillating voltage booster that is small, low-cost, and easy to build, typically used for driving small loads. This circuit is also known by other names such as ''blocking oscillator'', ''joule ringer'', or ''vampire torch''. It can use nearly all of the energy in a single-cell electric battery, even far below the voltage where other circuits consider the battery fully discharged (or "dead"); hence the name, which suggests the notion that the circuit is ''stealing'' energy or "joules" from the source – the term is a pun on "jewel thief". The circuit is a variant of the blocking oscillator that forms an unregulated voltage boost converter. The output voltage is increased at the expense of higher current draw on the input, but the integrated (average) current of the output is lowered and brightness of a luminescence decreased. History Prior art The joule thief is not a new concept. Basically, it adds an LED to the output of a self-os ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Watt
The watt (symbol: W) is the unit of power or radiant flux in the International System of Units (SI), equal to 1 joule per second or 1 kg⋅m2⋅s−3. It is used to quantify the rate of energy transfer. The watt is named after James Watt (1736–1819), an 18th-century Scottish inventor, mechanical engineer, and chemist who improved the Newcomen engine with his own steam engine in 1776. Watt's invention was fundamental for the Industrial Revolution. Overview When an object's velocity is held constant at one metre per second against a constant opposing force of one newton, the rate at which work is done is one watt. : \mathrm In terms of electromagnetism, one watt is the rate at which electrical work is performed when a current of one ampere (A) flows across an electrical potential difference of one volt (V), meaning the watt is equivalent to the volt-ampere (the latter unit, however, is used for a different quantity from the real power of an electrical circuit). : ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joule-second
The joule-second (symbol J⋅s or J s) is the unit of action and of angular momentum in the International System of Units (SI) equal to the product of an SI derived unit, the joule (J), and an SI base unit, the second (s). The joule-second is a unit of action or of angular momentum. The joule-second also appears in quantum mechanics within the definition of Planck's constant.Schlamminger, S.; Haddad, D.; Seifert, F.; Chao, L. S.; Newell, D. B.; Liu, R.; Steiner, R. L.; Pratt, J. R. (2014). "Determination of the Planck constant using a watt balance with a superconducting magnet system at the National Institute of Standards and Technology." Metrologia. 51 (2): S15. arXiv:1401.8160 . Bibcode:2014Metro..51S..15S. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/51/2/S15. ISSN 0026-1394. Angular momentum is the product of an object’s moment of inertia, in units of kg⋅m2 and its angular velocity in units of rad⋅s−1. This product of moment of inertia and angular velocity yields kg⋅m2⋅s−1 or the jo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joule Per Mole
The joule per mole (symbol: J·mol−1 or J/mol) is the unit of energy per amount of substance in the International System of Units (SI), such that energy is measured in joules, and the amount of substance is measured in moles. It is also an SI derived unit of molar thermodynamic energy defined as the energy equal to one joule in one mole of substance. For example, the Gibbs free energy of a compound in the area of thermochemistry is often quantified in units of kilojoules per mole (symbol: kJ·mol−1 or kJ/mol), with 1 kilojoule = 1000 joules. Physical quantities measured in J·mol−1 usually describe quantities of energy transferred during phase transformations or chemical reactions. Division by the number of moles facilitates comparison between processes involving different quantities of material and between similar processes involving different types of materials. The precise meaning of such a quantity is dependent on the context (what substances are involved, circumst ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joule Heating
Joule heating, also known as resistive, resistance, or Ohmic heating, is the process by which the passage of an electric current through a conductor (material), conductor produces heat. Joule's first law (also just Joule's law), also known in countries of former Soviet Union, USSR as the Joule–Lenz law, Assuming the element behaves as a perfect resistor and that the power is completely converted into heat, the formula can be re-written by substituting Ohm's law, V = I R , into the generalized power equation: P = IV = I^2R = V^2/R where ''R'' is the electrical resistance and conductance, resistance. Alternating current When current varies, as it does in AC circuits, P(t) = U(t) I(t) where ''t'' is time and ''P'' is the instantaneous power being converted from electrical energy to heat. Far more often, the ''average'' power is of more interest than the instantaneous power: P_ = U_\text I_\text = I_\text^2 R = U_\text^2 / R where "avg" denotes Arithmetic mean, average (mean) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joule Expansion
The Joule expansion (also called free expansion) is an irreversible process in thermodynamics in which a volume of gas is kept in one side of a thermally isolated container (via a small partition), with the other side of the container being evacuated. The partition between the two parts of the container is then opened, and the gas fills the whole container. The Joule expansion, treated as a thought experiment involving ideal gases, is a useful exercise in classical thermodynamics. It provides a convenient example for calculating changes in thermodynamic quantities, including the resulting increase in entropy of the universe (entropy production) that results from this inherently irreversible process. An actual Joule expansion experiment necessarily involves real gases; the temperature change in such a process provides a measure of intermolecular forces. This type of expansion is named after James Prescott Joule who used this expansion, in 1845, in his study for the mechanical equ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
