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Jinshi (imperial Examination)
''Jinshi'' () was the highest and final degree in the imperial examination in Imperial China. The examination was usually taken in the imperial capital in the palace, and was also called the Metropolitan Exam. Recipients are sometimes referred to in English-language sources as Imperial Scholars. The ''jinshi'' degree was first created after the institutionalization of the civil service exam. Initially it had been "for six categories" but was later consolidated into a single degree. This system first appeared during the Han Dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD). Throughout the Tang Dynasty, every year around one to two percent of test takers would obtain a ''jinshi'' title out of a total of one to two thousand test takers. The numbers of ''Jinshi'' degrees given out were increased in the Song Dynasty, and the examinations were given every three years. Most senior officials of the Song Dynasty were ''jinshi'' holders. The Ming Dynasty resumed the civil-service exam after its occurrence ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Han Hong (poet)
Han Hong (dates unknown, but fl. 8th century) was a Chinese poet of the mid-Tang period. His courtesy name was Junping. He hailed from Nanyang, and attained a ''jinshi'' degree in the imperial examination in 754, and served in several government positions. His poetry was praised by the emperor. He was included among of the " Ten Talents of the Dali Reign", and three of his poems were included in the '' Three Hundred Tang Poems''. Books 243, 244 and 245 of the ''Quan Tangshi'' are devoted to his poetry. Biography The year of his birth is not known, but he came from Nanyang (modern-day Xiuwu County, Henan Province). He attained a ''jinshi'' degree in the imperial examination in 754, and worked in various government positions including ''jia bu lang jung zhi zhi gao'' () and ''zhong shu she ren'' (). Poetry He was one of the " Ten Talents of the Dali Reign" (). Three of his poems were included in the '' Three Hundred Tang Poems''. A Ming-era editor compiled an anthology of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yuan Jie
Yuan Jie (719/723–772) was a Chinese poet and man of letters of the mid-Tang period. His courtesy name was Cishan, and he had several art names (see below). He attained a ''jinshi'' degree in the imperial examination in 754, and served in several regional government posts before resigning in 769. Among his most famous poems is the "Zei Tui Shi Guanli", which describes the state of the countryside following the An Lushan Rebellion, which he experienced first-hand. He also compiled a collection of poetry by his contemporaries, the '' Qie-zhong Ji'', and was noted for his prose compositions. Books 240 and 241 of the ''Quan Tangshi'' are devoted to his poetry. Biography Yuan Jie was born in either 719 or 723, in Wuchang (modern-day Wuhan, Hubei Province), Lu (modern Lushan County, Henan) or Henan (modern Luoyang, Henan Province). He attained a ''jinshi'' degree in the imperial examination in 754, and was involved in the putting down of the An Lushan Rebellion. In 763 he w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liu Changqing
Liu Changqing (; 709–785), courtesy name Wenfang () was a Chinese poet and politician during the Tang dynasty. Eleven of his poems were collected in the popular anthology ''Three Hundred Tang Poems''. Biography Liu Changqing was born around either 710 or 725. He came from the city of Xuancheng. His ancestral hometown was Hejian. Most of his youth was spent in the city of Luoyang. Liu obtained his Jinshi title around 750s. In 780, he became the governor of Suizhou in Henan province. Because of his term in Suizhou, Liu was often called Liu Suizhou by his contemporaries. He died around 786. Poetry Liu's poems did not receive much praise during his lifetime although he was one of the representative poets during the reign of Emperor Dezong of Tang. However, he was gradually acknowledged by later generations. Liu was especially skillful on the writing of poems with 5 characters.《唐诗大辞典》 An example of his poetry can be seen below: See also *Guqin history (include ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cen Shen
Cen Shen or Cen Can (), 715–770, was one of the great Chinese poets of the Tang dynasty. His poems were included in the Three Hundred Poems anthology. Name He is also called Cen Jiazhou (). During the reign of Emperor Suzong he was made governor () of Jia Prefecture (''Jiazhou'' in Chinese), which earned him the name Cen Jiazhou.'' Kanjigen'' entry "Cen Can" (Shinshin/Shinjin). Gakken 2006. Life He was born to a bureaucratic family in Nanyang (in today's Henan), but later moved to Jiangling, Jizhou (in today's Hubei). His great-grandfather Cen Wenben, granduncle Cen Changqian and uncle Cen Xi were all chancellors. His father Cen Zhi was Governor (Cishi) of Jingzhou. When Cen Shen was 10, his father died, and the financial situation of his family worsened. After then, Cen learned with assiduity, reading a lot of scriptures and history books. He moved to Chang'an when he was 20 and obtained jinshi in 744. In 749, Cen's ambitions lead him towards a stint of military s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yan Zhenqing
Yan Zhenqing (; 709–785) was a Chinese calligrapher, military general, and politician. He was a leading Chinese calligrapher and a loyal governor of the Tang dynasty. His artistic accomplishment in Chinese calligraphy is equal to that of the greatest master calligraphers of history, and his regular script style, ''Yan'', is often imitated. Biography Early life Yan Zhenqing was born in Wannian (), near the Tang capital Chang'an, to a highly reputed academic family which served the court for many generations. One of his ancestors was Yan Zhitui, a scholar-official during the Southern and Northern Dynasties. His great-great-grandfather Yan Shigu was a famous linguist while his father Yan Weizhen () was private tutor to the Tang princes' and a great calligrapher himself. Under the influence of family tradition and the strict instruction of his mother, Lady Yin (), Yan Zhenqing worked hard from childhood and was well-read in literature and Confucianism. In 734, at the age of 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lu Lun
Lu Lun (, 739–799) was a Chinese poet of the Middle Tang dynasty, with six of his poems being included in the famous anthology '' Three Hundred Tang Poems'', as well as being mentioned in one poem, by Sikong Shu, which was translated by Witter Bynner as "When Lu Lun My Cousin Comes For The Night". His courtesy name is Yun Yan (). Biography Lu Lun was born around 748. His ancestral home was Fanyang, now in modern southwest Beijing, China. He was born in what is now Yongji, Shanxi. He was prevented from assuming his governmental appointment, following his receiving the ''Jinshi'' degree in the Imperial examination system, by the disorders associated with the An Shi Rebellion, which caused him to flee for refuge to Jiangxi. He died around 799. Poetry As a poet, Lu Lun is known for continuing the Frontier fortress genre of Tang poetry (along with Li Yi), begun earlier by the "Borders and Frontier Fortress Poets Group" (边塞诗派), in which are included Gao Shi, Cen Can, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meng Jiao
Meng Jiao (751–814) was a Chinese poet during the Tang Dynasty. Two of his poems have been collected in the popular anthology '' Three Hundred Tang Poems''. Meng was the oldest of the Mid-Tang poets and is noted for the unusual forcefulness and harshness of his poems. Names Meng Jiao's courtesy name was Dongye (). Biography Meng Jiao was born into difficult times. His pursuit of poetry and reluctance until late in life to write and pass the imperial examinations (which if taken earlier in life might have eventually lead to a well-paid political career) resulted in his living a life in which necessities were scarce. Nevertheless, his commitment to poetry resulted in him becoming an influential leader in terms of poetic innovation. Birth Meng Jiao was born in 751. He was from what is now Deqing County in the province of Zhejiang, in China; but, at that time was Wukang (), in the Tang Chinese province Huzhou. The year he was born was also the year in which the Tang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wang Changling
Wang Changling (; 698–756) was a major Tang dynasty poet. His courtesy name was Shaobo (). He was originally from Taiyuan in present-day Shanxi province, according to the editors of the '' Three Hundred Tang Poems'', although other sources claim that he was actually from Jiangning near modern-day Nanjing. After passing the prestigious jinshi examination, he became a secretarial official and later held other imperial positions, including that of an official posting to Sishui (), in what is currently Xingyang, in Henan province. Near the end of his life he was appointed as a minister of Jiangning county. He died in the An Lushan Rebellion; between the 10th month of the 14th year of the ''Tianbao'' era (755 CE) and the second year of the ''Zhide'' era (757 CE), he was executed by the Tang official Lü Qiuxiao (闾丘晓). When Lü later was sentenced to death by another official Zhang Hao (张镐), he pleaded for mercy, citing the fact that he had kin to take care of. Zhang's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chen Zi'ang
Chen Zi'ang (, 661 (or 656)–702), courtesy name Boyu (), was a Chinese poet of the Tang dynasty. He was important in helping to bring into being the type of poetry which is considered to be characteristically "Tang". Dissatisfied with the current state of the affairs of poetry at the time, almost paradoxically, by keeping his eye on the remote antiquity he helped usher in a new age of Chinese poetry (see quote below). He would soon be followed by such poets of the golden age of Tang poetry as Wang Wei, Li Bai, and Du Fu. Biography A native of Shehong County in modern Sichuan province, Chen Zi'ang was the son of a rich man, and did not travel to the capital to take his exams until he was in his twenties. He completed the Jinshi level of the Imperial Examination at age twenty-four. Having arrived in the capital metropolis, Chen suddenly called attention to his poetry, by expensive and elaborate means: startling the spectators in the marketplace, he paid the asking price of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
