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Jedwabne
Jedwabne (; yi, יעדוואבנע, ''Yedvabna'') is a town in northeast Poland, in Łomża County of Podlaskie Voivodeship, with 1,942 inhabitants (2002). It is notable for the Jedwabne pogrom of 10 July 1941, during the World War II German occupation of Poland. History First mentioned in 1455 records, on 17 July 1736 Jedwabne received city rights from Poland's King August III, including the privilege of holding weekly Sunday markets and five country fairs a year. A wooden Catholic church with two steeples was built in 1737–1738, and a synagogue around 1770. The Jedwabne synagogue was a fine example of the unique Polish Jewish architectural tradition of wooden synagogues. At the end of the 18th century, new textile factories opened. In 1851 there were as many as 17 weaving establishments employing 36 workers in the town. In terms of its cloth production, Jedwabne was already the eleventh-largest manufacturing centre in the Kingdom of Poland. By 1862, 11 mechanical and 13 ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jedwabne Pogrom
The Jedwabne pogrom was a massacre of History of the Jews in Poland, Polish Jews in the town of Jedwabne, Occupation of Poland (1939–1945), German-occupied Poland, on 10 July 1941, during World War II and the early stages of the Holocaust. At least 340 men, women and children were murdered, some 300 of whom were locked in a barn and burned alive. About 40 Poles, ethnic Poles carried out the killing; their ringleaders decided on it beforehand with Germany's Gestapo, Sicherheitspolizei, SS security police or Sicherheitsdienst, SS intelligence and they then cooperated with Feldgendarmerie, German military police. According to historian Jan T. Gross, "the undisputed bosses of life and death in Jedwabne were the Germans," who were "the only ones who could decide the fate of the Jews." Knowledge of the massacre only became widespread in 1999–2003 due to the work of Polish filmmakers, journalists, and academics, in particular Gross's 2001 work ''Neighbors: The Destruction of the Je ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gmina Jedwabne
__NOTOC__ Gmina Jedwabne is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Łomża County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. Its seat is the town of Jedwabne, which lies approximately north-east of Łomża and west of the regional capital Białystok. The gmina covers an area of , and as of 2006 its total population is 5,552 (out of which the population of Jedwabne amounts to 1,901, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 3,651). Villages Apart from the town of Jedwabne, Gmina Jedwabne contains the villages and settlements of Bartki, Biczki, Biodry, Biodry-Kolonia, Borawskie, Bronaki-Olki, Bronaki-Pietrasze, Brzostowo, Burzyn, Boguszki Chrostowo, Chyliny, Grabnik, Grądy Małe, Grądy Wielkie, Janczewko, Janczewo, Kąciki, Kaimy, Kajetanowo, Kamianki, Karwowo-Wszebory, Kąty, Koniecki, Konopki Chude, Konopki Tłuste, Korytki, Kossaki, Kotówek, Kotowo Stare, Kotowo-Plac, Kubrzany, Kucze Małe, Kucze Wielkie, Kuczewskie, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radziłów Pogrom
The Radziłów pogrom ( pl, Pogrom w Radziłowie) was a World War II massacre committed on 7 July 1941 in the town of Radziłów, in German-occupied Poland. Local Poles, under SS orders or with German encouragement, forced most of the Jews of the town into a barn and set it on fire, Jews were also murdered in surrounding villages. Death toll estimates vary from between 600 and 2,000; only some 30 Jews survived the massacre due to help from local Poles. The pogrom in Radziłów was similar to events in Grajewo, Wizna, Goniądz, Szczuczyn pogrom, Kolno, Wąsosz pogrom, Stawiski, Rajgród, and the Jedwabne pogrom. Background Pre-WWII In the 1928 Polish elections almost every Jewish resident of the town voted for a Jewish party, while 42% of the Polish electorate supported National Democracy. On 23 March 1933, following the arrest of nine National Democracy members, supporters in its radical faction, the Camp for Greater Poland, initiated a pogrom which they referred to as a "re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jedwabne Synagogue
The Jedwabne Synagogue ( yi, Yedwabne Shul) was a Jewish synagogue located in the small town of Jedwabne, Poland. Built in 1770, it was an example of vernacular architecture and one of many wooden synagogues unique to the former Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The layered, pitched roof visible in surviving exterior photographs conceals a series of massive trusses from which the great dome is suspended. The roof, which features three well-defined stages, is considered one of the most architecturally complex and interesting of wooden synagogue roofs. The synagogue was enlarged in the nineteenth century by the addition of one story extensions on each side for the use of the women of the community.Maria and Kazimierz Piechotka, Heanen’s Gate: Wooden Synagogues in the Territory of the Former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth,, Institute of Art, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wydawnnictwo Krupski I S-ka, Warsaw, 2004, pp. 231-2 The synagogue was destroyed in an accidental fire in 1913. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jedwabne Synagogue
The Jedwabne Synagogue ( yi, Yedwabne Shul) was a Jewish synagogue located in the small town of Jedwabne, Poland. Built in 1770, it was an example of vernacular architecture and one of many wooden synagogues unique to the former Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The layered, pitched roof visible in surviving exterior photographs conceals a series of massive trusses from which the great dome is suspended. The roof, which features three well-defined stages, is considered one of the most architecturally complex and interesting of wooden synagogue roofs. The synagogue was enlarged in the nineteenth century by the addition of one story extensions on each side for the use of the women of the community.Maria and Kazimierz Piechotka, Heanen’s Gate: Wooden Synagogues in the Territory of the Former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth,, Institute of Art, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wydawnnictwo Krupski I S-ka, Warsaw, 2004, pp. 231-2 The synagogue was destroyed in an accidental fire in 1913. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Łomża County
__NOTOC__ Łomża County ( pl, powiat łomżyński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Podlaskie Voivodeship, north-eastern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Łomża, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The only towns in Łomża County are Nowogród, which lies north-west of Łomża, and Jedwabne, north-east of Łomża. The county covers an area of . As of 2019 its total population is 50,914, out of which the population of Nowogród is 2,155, that of Jedwabne is 1,626, and the rural population is 47,133. Neighbouring counties Apart from the city of Łomża, Łomża County is also bordered by Kolno County and Grajewo County to the north, Mońki County and Białystok County to the east, Zambrów County and Ostrów Mazowiecka County to the south, and Ostrołęka County to the wes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wizna
Wizna is a village in Łomża County of Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, situated on the Narew River. Wizna is known for the battle of Wizna which took place in its vicinity during the 1939 Invasion of Poland at the start of World War II. Farming and food production are the primary sources of income for the residents. The food production by private farms provides favorable conditions for the development of processing industry. History Wizna has a remarkably rich history. Already in the 11th century there was a castle there watching over the eastern border of Masovia and the important river crossing over Narew. From the mid 12th century the town was a registered office of the castellany, and from 1379 the capital of the Ziemia wiska (Wizna Land) within Masovia, Poland. The Catholic Parish in Wizna was established in 1390. Wizna was built on an important trade route from Lithuania (within the Polish–Lithuanian union) to Kraków. Queen of Poland Anna the Jagiello ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Podlaskie Voivodeship
Podlaskie Voivodeship or Podlasie Province ( pl, Województwo podlaskie, ) is a voivodeship (province) in northeastern Poland. The name of the province and its territory correspond to the historic region of Podlachia. The capital and largest city is Białystok. It borders on Masovian Voivodeship to the west, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship to the northwest, Lublin Voivodeship to the south, the Belarusian oblasts of Grodno and Brest to the east, the Lithuanian Counties of Alytus and Marijampolė to the northeast, and the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia to the north. The province was created on 1 January 1999, pursuant to the Polish local government reforms adopted in 1998, from the former Białystok and Łomża Voivodeships and the eastern half of the former Suwałki Voivodeship. Etymology The voivodeship takes its name from the historic region of Poland called ''Podlasie'', or in Latin known as Podlachia. There are two opinions regarding the origin of the region's name. People ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radziłów
Radziłów is a village (formerly a town) in Grajewo County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina, an administrative district called Gmina Radziłów. It lies approximately south of Grajewo and north-west of the regional capital Białystok. In 2007 the village had a population of 1,267. History The history of Radziłów is closely connected with the history of Masovia Province from before the Partitions of Poland. The first settlers arrived in the Middle Ages and began clearing the impenetrable forest. Masovian Dukes, who owned the area, issued the rights to enter the forest and harvest it. Among the first settlers were bee-keepers, fishermen, hunters and loggers, who sold honey, wax, fish and lumber to neighboring towns, Wizna and Goniądz. The lumber was also transported via Biebrza and Ełk river waterways to Gdańsk.Elżbieta Czerwonka, Alina Żmijewska "Dziedzictwo kulturowe Radziłowa"(The Cultural Heritage of Radziłów); with l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Invasion Of Poland
The invasion of Poland (1 September – 6 October 1939) was a joint attack on the Republic of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union which marked the beginning of World War II. The German invasion began on 1 September 1939, one week after the signing of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact between Germany and the Soviet Union, and one day after the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union had approved the pact. The Soviets invaded Poland on 17 September. The campaign ended on 6 October with Germany and the Soviet Union dividing and annexing the whole of Poland under the terms of the German–Soviet Frontier Treaty. The invasion is also known in Poland as the September campaign ( pl, kampania wrześniowa) or 1939 defensive war ( pl, wojna obronna 1939 roku, links=no) and known in Germany as the Poland campaign (german: Überfall auf Polen, Polenfeldzug). German forces invaded Poland from the north, south, and west the morning after the Gleiwitz incident. Slovak military forces ad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Academy Of Sciences
The Polish Academy of Sciences ( pl, Polska Akademia Nauk, PAN) is a Polish state-sponsored institution of higher learning. Headquartered in Warsaw, it is responsible for spearheading the development of science across the country by a society of distinguished scholars and a network of research institutes. It was established in 1951, during the early period of the Polish People's Republic following World War II. History The Polish Academy of Sciences is a Polish state-sponsored institution of higher learning, headquartered in Warsaw, that was established by the merger of earlier science societies, including the Polish Academy of Learning (''Polska Akademia Umiejętności'', abbreviated ''PAU''), with its seat in Kraków, and the Warsaw Society of Friends of Learning (Science), which had been founded in the late 18th century. The Polish Academy of Sciences functions as a learned society acting through an elected assembly of leading scholars and research institutions. The Academy h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sybiracy
A sybirak (, plural: ''sybiracy'') is a person Katorga, resettled to Siberia. Like its Russian language, Russian counterpart ''wikt:сибиряк#Russian, sibiryák'' the word can refer to any dweller of Siberia, but it more specifically refers to Polish people, Poles imprisoned or exiled to Siberia or even to those sent to the Far North (Russia), Russian Arctic or to Kazakhstan in the 1940s. History Russian and Soviet authorities exiled many Polish people, Poles to Siberia, starting with the 18th-century opponents of the Russian Empire's increasing influence in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (most notably the members of the Bar Confederation of 1768-1772).Norman Davies, ''Europe: A History'', Oxford University Press, 1996, Google Print, p.664/ref> Maurice Benyovszky, Maurice, Count de Benyovszky was deported and emigrated to Madagascar. After Russian Criminal law, penal law changed in 1847, exile and penal labor (''katorga'') became common penalties for participants in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
