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Jean-Baptiste Marc Bourgery
Jean-Baptiste Marc Bourgery (May 19, 1797 – June 1849) was a French physician and anatomist who was a native of Orléans. Within 20 years, along with the artist Nicolas Henri Jacob, he created the comprehensive anatomy textbook Traité complet de l’anatomie de l’homme. Family As a son of a haberdasher Marc Claude Bourgery and his wife Madeleine Marthe Delaboulaye, Bourgery grew up in Orléans. Education and work Bourgery started his studies in medicine in 1813 in Paris. In 1815, he also attended lectures of the naturalist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, a professor at the Museum of Natural History in Paris. After passing the entrance examination, Bourgery worked as a clinical intern for one year (1817) with René Laennec at the Hôpital Necker and two years (1818-1820) with Guillaume Dupuytren at the Hôtel Dieu. Nonetheless, Bourgery did not complete his medical education due to financial issues. Instead, he worked for several years as a health officer (French: Officier de S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean-Baptiste Marc Bourgery
Jean-Baptiste Marc Bourgery (May 19, 1797 – June 1849) was a French physician and anatomist who was a native of Orléans. Within 20 years, along with the artist Nicolas Henri Jacob, he created the comprehensive anatomy textbook Traité complet de l’anatomie de l’homme. Family As a son of a haberdasher Marc Claude Bourgery and his wife Madeleine Marthe Delaboulaye, Bourgery grew up in Orléans. Education and work Bourgery started his studies in medicine in 1813 in Paris. In 1815, he also attended lectures of the naturalist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, a professor at the Museum of Natural History in Paris. After passing the entrance examination, Bourgery worked as a clinical intern for one year (1817) with René Laennec at the Hôpital Necker and two years (1818-1820) with Guillaume Dupuytren at the Hôtel Dieu. Nonetheless, Bourgery did not complete his medical education due to financial issues. Instead, he worked for several years as a health officer (French: Officier de S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Embryology
Embryology (from Greek ἔμβρυον, ''embryon'', "the unborn, embryo"; and -λογία, '' -logia'') is the branch of animal biology that studies the prenatal development of gametes (sex cells), fertilization, and development of embryos and fetuses. Additionally, embryology encompasses the study of congenital disorders that occur before birth, known as teratology. Early embryology was proposed by Marcello Malpighi, and known as preformationism, the theory that organisms develop from pre-existing miniature versions of themselves. Aristotle proposed the theory that is now accepted, epigenesis. Epigenesis is the idea that organisms develop from seed or egg in a sequence of steps. Modern embryology, developed from the work of Karl Ernst von Baer, though accurate observations had been made in Italy by anatomists such as Aldrovandi and Leonardo da Vinci in the Renaissance. Comparative embryology Preformationism and epigenesis As recently as the 18th century, the prevailin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alois Senefelder
Johann Alois Senefelder (6 November 177126 February 1834) was a German actor and playwright who invented the printing technique of lithography in the 1790s.Meggs, Philip B. A History of Graphic Design. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1998. p 146 Actor, playwright Born Aloys Johann Nepomuk Franz Senefelder in Prague, then capital of the Kingdom of Bohemia, where his actor father was appearing on stage. He was educated in Munich and won a scholarship to study law at Ingolstadt. The death of his father in 1791 forced him to leave his studies to support his mother and eight siblings, and he became an actor and wrote a successful play ''Connoisseur of Girls''. Discovery, development of lithography Problems with the printing of his play ''Mathilde von Altenstein'' caused him to fall into debt, and unable to afford to publish a new play he had written, Senefelder experimented with a novel etching technique using a greasy, acid resistant ink as a resist on a smooth fine-grained stone of Sol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Claude Bernard
Claude Bernard (; 12 July 1813 – 10 February 1878) was a French physiologist. Historian I. Bernard Cohen of Harvard University called Bernard "one of the greatest of all men of science". He originated the term ''milieu intérieur'', and the associated concept of homeostasis (the latter term being coined by Walter Cannon). Life and career Bernard was born in 1813 in the village of Saint-Julien near Villefranche-sur-Saône. He received his early education in the Jesuit school of that town, and then proceeded to the college at Lyon, which, however, he soon left to become assistant in a druggist's shop. He is sometimes described as an agnostic and even humorously referred to by his colleagues as a "great priest of atheism". Despite this, after his death Cardinal Ferdinand Donnet claimed Bernard was a fervent Catholic, with a biographical entry in the ''Catholic Encyclopedia''. His leisure hours were devoted to the composition of a vaudeville comedy, and the success it achieved ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Splanchnology
Splanchnology is the study of the visceral organs, i.e. digestive, urinary, reproductive and respiratory systems. The term derives from the Neo-Latin ''splanchno-'', from the Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ... σπλάγχνα, meaning "viscera". More broadly, splanchnology includes all the components of the Neuro-Endo-Immune (NEI) Supersystem.F Homo-Delarche, M Dardenne. The neuroendocrine-immune axis. Springer Semin Immunopathol Jan. 1993, Vol. 14, Issue 3, 221-238 An organ (or viscus) is a collection of tissues joined in a structural unit to serve a common function. In anatomy, a viscus is an internal organ, and viscera is the plural form. Organs consist of different tissues, one or more of which prevail and determine its specific structure and function. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Angiology
Angiology (from Ancient Greek, Greek , ''angeīon'', "vessel"; and , ''wiktionary:-logia, -logia'') is the medical specialty dedicated to studying the circulatory system and of the lymphatic system, i.e., arteries, veins and lymphatic vessels. In the United Kingdom, UK, this field is more often termed ''angiology'', and in the United States the term vascular medicine is more frequent. The field of vascular medicine (angiology) is the field that deals with preventing, diagnosing and treating vascular and blood vessel related diseases. Overview Arterial diseases include the aorta (aortic aneurysm, aneurysms/aortic dissection, dissection) and arteries supplying the legs, hands, kidneys, brain, intestines. It also covers arterial thrombosis and embolism; vasculitides; and vasospasm, vasospastic disorders. Naturally, it deals with preventing cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction, heart attack and stroke. Venous diseases include venous thrombosis, chronic Chronic ve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neuroanatomy
Neuroanatomy is the study of the structure and organization of the nervous system. In contrast to animals with radial symmetry, whose nervous system consists of a distributed network of cells, animals with bilateral symmetry have segregated, defined nervous systems. Their neuroanatomy is therefore better understood. In vertebrates, the nervous system is segregated into the internal structure of the brain and spinal cord (together called the central nervous system, or CNS) and the routes of the nerves that connect to the rest of the body (known as the peripheral nervous system, or PNS). The delineation of distinct structures and regions of the nervous system has been critical in investigating how it works. For example, much of what neuroscientists have learned comes from observing how damage or "lesions" to specific brain areas affects behavior or other neural functions. For information about the composition of non-human animal nervous systems, see nervous system. For information ab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myology
Myology is the study of the muscular system, including the study of the structure, function and diseases of muscle. The muscular system consists of skeletal muscle, which contracts to move or position parts of the body (e.g., the bones that articulate at joints), smooth and cardiac muscle that propels, expels or controls the flow of fluids and contained substance. See also *Myotomy Myotomy is a surgical procedure in which muscle is cut. A common example of a myotomy is the Heller myotomy. See also * List of surgeries by type Many surgical procedure names can be broken into parts to indicate the meaning. For example, in ... * Oral myology References External links British Myology Society Physiology {{Muscle-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthrology
Arthrology is the science concerned with the study of anatomy, function, dysfunction and treatment of joints and articulations. The prefix "arthro-" refers to joints, as in arthrogram, arthroscopy, or arthritis Arthritis is a term often used to mean any disorder that affects joints. Symptoms generally include joint pain and stiffness. Other symptoms may include redness, warmth, swelling, and decreased range of motion of the affected joints. In som ..., from the Greek ἄρθρον ''arthron''. Arthrology is also called as arthrologia, syndesmologia, syndesmology, and synosteology. Specialists in this filed are known as arthrologists.Stedman's Medical Dictionary Edition: Twenty-Eighth References Joints {{Musculoskeletal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Osteology
Osteology () is the scientific study of bones, practised by osteologists. A subdiscipline of anatomy, anthropology, and paleontology, osteology is the detailed study of the structure of bones, skeletal elements, teeth, microbone morphology, function, disease, pathology, the process of ossification (from cartilaginous molds), and the resistance and hardness of bones (biophysics). Osteologists frequently work in the public and private sector as consultants for museums, scientists for research laboratories, scientists for medical investigations and/or for companies producing osteological reproductions in an academic context. Osteology and osteologists should not be confused with the pseudoscientific practice of osteopathy and its practitioners, osteopaths. Methods A typical analysis will include: * an inventory of the skeletal elements present * a dental inventory * aging data, based upon epiphyseal fusion and dental eruption (for subadults) and deterioration of the pubic symp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (15 April 177219 June 1844) was a French naturalist who established the principle of "unity of composition". He was a colleague of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and expanded and defended Lamarck's evolutionary theories. Geoffroy's scientific views had a transcendental flavor (unlike Lamarck's materialistic views) and were similar to those of German morphologists like Lorenz Oken. He believed in the underlying unity of organismal design, and the possibility of the transmutation of species in time, amassing evidence for his claims through research in comparative anatomy, paleontology, and embryology. He is considered as a predecessor of the evo-devo evolutionary concept. Life and early career Geoffroy was born at Étampes (in present-day Essonne), and studied at the Collège de Navarre, in Paris, where he studied natural philosophy under M. J. Brisson. He then attended the lectures of Daubenton at the College de France and Fourcroy at the Jardin des Pl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
