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Javanshir Clan
The Javanshirs ( az, Cavanşirlər; fa, جوانشیران – ''Javānširān'') are a Turkic clan from Karabakh, who belong to the Afshar tribe and are in turn a branch of the Oghuz Turks. Between 1748 and 1822, members of the Javanshir clan functioned as the head of the Karabakh Khanate. History Early years The greater Javanshir tribe is said to of came from Turkestan, as Reza-Qoli Khan Hedayat wrote in his book Rozvat-us-Safa, “the Javanshir elat came from Turkestan and belonged to the tribe of Oshir(Afshar) Khan, who was son of Ildyz Khan, the fourth son of Uguz(Oghuz) Khan.The Javanshir tribe joined the 120-thousand-strong army of Hulagu khan. Under Emir Timur, they came back from Rûm for the second time and spread across Turkestan, Kandahar, Kabul, and Iran. One of its branches led by Ibrahim Khalil Agha, who served Shah Abbas I, remained in Karabakh”Ismailov, Eldar, THE KHANS OF KARABAKH: THE ROOTS, SUBORDINATION TO THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE, AND LIQUIDATION OF THE KHANATE ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khurshidbanu Natavan
Khurshidbanu Natavan ( az, خورشیدبانو ناتوان / Xurşidbanu Natəvan; 6 August 1832 – 2 October 1897) was an Azerbaijani poet and philanthropist. She is considered one of the best lyrical poets of Azerbaijan. Her poems are in either Azerbaijani or Persian and she was most notable for her lyrical ghazals. Natavan was the daughter of Mehdigulu Khan, the last ruler of the Karabakh Khanate (1748–1822). Life Natavan was born on August 5, 1832 in Shusha, a town in present-day Azerbaijan, in the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region, to Mehdigulu Khan (1763-1845) and Badir Jahan Begüm (1802-1861). Being the only child in the family and descending from Panah Ali Khan, she was the only heir of the Karabakh khan, known to general public as the "daughter of the khan" ( az, Xan qızı). Her name Khurshid Banu ( fa, خورشیدبانو) is from Persian and means "Lady Sun". Her pen name ''Natavan'' () is also from Persian and means ''powerless''. She was named after her ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nader Shah
Nader Shah Afshar ( fa, نادر شاه افشار; also known as ''Nader Qoli Beyg'' or ''Tahmāsp Qoli Khan'' ) (August 1688 – 19 June 1747) was the founder of the Afsharid dynasty of Iran and one of the most powerful rulers in Iranian history, ruling as shah of Iran (Persia) from 1736 to 1747, when he was assassinated during a rebellion. He fought numerous campaigns throughout the Middle East, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and South Asia, such as the battles of Herat, Mihmandust, Murche-Khort, Kirkuk, Yeghevārd, Khyber Pass, Karnal, and Kars. Because of his military genius,The Sword of Persia: Nader Shah, from Tribal Warrior to Conquering Tyrant "Nader commanded the most powerful military force in Asia, if not the world" so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Askeran (town)
Askeran ( hy, Ասկերան or , ; az, Əsgəran) is a town ''de facto'' in the Republic of Artsakh as the administrative centre of its Askeran Province, ''de jure'' in the Khojaly District of Azerbaijan, in the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh. It is located on the left bank of the Karkar River (Qarqarçay), approximately 7 miles northeast of the regional capital, Stepanakert. The town has an ethnic Armenian-majority population, and also had an Armenian majority in 1989. History The Askeran Fortress (Mayraberd), built by the Karabakh Khanate ruler Panah Ali Khan in 1751, is situated in the southern part of the town. Armenian historian Shahen Mkrtchyan writes that the Askeran fortress was built upon the foundations of the medieval Armenian village and fortress known as Mayraberd. During the Russo-Persian War of 1804–1813 the Russian encampment was near the fortress. In 1810, peace talks between the Russians and Persians were conducted at the fortress. Restoration ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shiraz
Shiraz (; fa, شیراز, Širâz ) is the List of largest cities of Iran, fifth-most-populous city of Iran and the capital of Fars province, Fars Province, which has been historically known as Pars (Sasanian province), Pars () and Persis. As of the 2016 national census, the population of the city was 1,565,572 people, and its built-up area with Sadra, Fars, Sadra was home to almost 1,800,000 inhabitants. A census in 2021 showed an increase in the city's population to 1,995,500 people. Shiraz is located in Southern Iran, southwestern Iran on the () seasonal river. Founded in the early Islamic period, the city has a moderate climate and has been a regional trade center for over a thousand years. The earliest reference to the city, as ''Tiraziš'', is on Elamite Clay tablet, clay tablets dated to 2000 BCE. The modern city was restored or founded by the Arabs, Arab Umayyad Caliphate in 693 CE and grew prominent under the successive Iranian peoples, Iranian Saffarid dynasty, Saffar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karim Khan
Mohammad Karim Khan Zand ( fa, محمدکریم خان زند, Mohammad Karīm Khân-e Zand; ) was the founder of the Zand Dynasty, ruling from 1751 to 1779. He ruled all of Iran (Name of Iran, Persia) except for Khorasan Province, Khorasan. He also ruled over some of the Caucasus, Caucasian lands and occupied Basra for some years. While Karim was ruler, Iran recovered from the devastation of 40 years of war, providing the war-ravaged country with a renewed sense of tranquillity, security, peace, and prosperity. The years from 1765 to Karim Khan's death in 1779, marked the zenith of Zand rule. During his reign, relations with United Kingdom, Britain were restored, and he allowed the East India Company to have a trading post in southern Iran. He made Shiraz, Iran, Shiraz his capital and ordered the construction of several architectural projects there. As noted by ''The Oxford Dictionary of Islam'', "Karim Khan Zand holds an enduring reputation as the most humane Iranian ruler of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shusha
/ hy, Շուշի , settlement_type = City , image_skyline = ShushaCollection2021.jpg , image_caption = Landmarks of Shusha, from top left:Ghazanchetsots Cathedral • Yukhari Govhar Agha MosqueShusha fortress • Shusha mountainsHouse of Mehmandarovs • City centerShusha skyline • House of Khurshidbanu Natavan , pushpin_map = Azerbaijan#Republic of Artsakh , coordinates = , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Azerbaijan Republic of Artsakh (claimed) , subdivision_type1 = District (Azerbaijan) , subdivision_name1 = Shusha , subdivision_type2 = Province (Artsakh, claimed) , subdivision_name2 = Shushi , established_title = Founded , leader_title1 = Mayor , leader_name1 = Bayram Safarov , leader_title2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shahbulag Castle
Shahbulag Castle ( az, Şahbulaq qalası, literally "Spring of the Shah") is an 18th-century fortress near Aghdam in Azerbaijan built by the Karabakh Khan Panah Ali. Name and Etymology The castle was named Shahbulag ("Shah's spring") after a nearby spring bearing the same name located around the lower part of the Xaçınçay (Khachen) River. Before the construction of the castle, the area around it was known as Tarnagyut, which, according to Armenian archaeologist Hamlet Petrosyan, is a corruption of Tigranakert, the ruined ancient city which lies nearby the castle. History After the death of Iranian ruler Nadir Shah, the Caucasus territory was split into several khanates, one of which was the Karabakh Khanate founded by Panah Ali Khan Javanshir. The first capital of the khanate was the Bayat Castle built in 1748. The capital was soon moved to the newly constructed Shahbulag Castle located in lowland Karabakh. Eventually, Panah Ali Khan moved the capital to its final location ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bayat Castle
Bayat Castle ( az, Bayat qalası) is in Kəbirli, Tartar, Kebirli village of Tartar Rayon of the Republic of Azerbaijan. History After the death of Iranian ruler Nader Shah (1736-1747), several khanates were established on the territory that constitutes the present-day Republic of Azerbaijan. One of these was the Karabakh Khanate founded by Panah Ali Khan, Panah Ali Khan Javanshir. The first capital of the khanate was the Bayat Castle built in 1748 in Kəbirli, Tartar, Kebirli mahali (province). The name of the Bayat castle was given in honour of the Turkic Bayat (name), Bayat clan. The castle included all strategic defense structures such as walls Trench warfare, warfare trenches and had a market, bath house and a mosque. It was built with hard burned bricks. When the construction of the castle was finalized Panah Ali Khan moved all of his court to the castle. The capital was therefore soon moved to the newly constructed Shahbulag Castle located in lowland Karabakh in 1752. Even ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haji Chalabi Khan
Haji Chalabi Khan (; 1703 1755), was a statesman, warlord, ruler and founder of Shaki Khanate. Origin Born to a certain landlord Gurban beg during the reign of Sultan Husayn in 1703, he was of noble birth. Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary cites a legend calling him the grandson of an Armenian priest who converted to Islam. Biographer Haji Seyid Abdulhamid mentions him as a 7th generation descendant of Darvish Mohammad Khan, last khan of Shaki before Safavid Invasion of Shirvan. Petrushevsky also thought of him being either Udi or Armenian origin. There are also some indications that he may have been descended from Shirvanshahs. Rebellion against Nader Shah He was supported by locals in opposition to corrupt Afsharid appointed viceroy Malik Najaf. His name was frequently mentioned in annals regarding to Nader's Dagestan campaign. He was confirmed by Nader as an overseer to check corruption of Malik Najaf. However viceroy protested against it, causing locals to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibrahim Khalil Khan
Ibrahim Khalil khan Javanshir (1732–1806) was an Azerbaijani Turkic khan of the Karabakh Khanate from the Javanshir family, who succeeded his father Panah-Ali khan Javanshir as the ruler of the khanate. Early life He was born in c. 1732 in Karabakh. He was among deportees to Astarabad with his father Panah Ali Khan. He returned to Karabakh after Adil Shah issued a ''firman (decree)'' recognizing Panah Ali as the new khan. Participating in internal politics of his father, he was married with Hurizad, daughter of Armenian melik of Varanda - Shahnazar II, as a tool of marriage alliance. Panah Ali further wed him with Shahnisa, sister of Nazarali Khan Shahsevan of Ardabil and Tuti, daughter of Shahverdi Khan of Ganja in 1749. He was given as hostage to Fath-Ali Khan Afshar in 1759, who was defeated by Karim Khan Zand later. He was released by Karim Khan in 1759 and was allowed back to Karabakh. Reign He had to contest the khanate with Mehrali bey Javanshir, his younger ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fazl Ali-bey Javanshir
Fazl Ali-bey Javanshir (b. ?, Safavid Karabakh - d. 1738, Afsharid Empire) was a member of the Karabakh Javanshir tribe, the elder brother of Panahali Khan Javanshir. He worked as viceroy (naib) and chief butler (Eshik-agasybashi) of Nadir Shah Afshar. Life After ending the Safavid rule, Nadir Shah Afshar abolished the beylarbeys of Shirvan, Karabakh, Chukhursad and Tabriz and unified Azerbaijan into a single administrative division with Tabriz as its capital and his brother Ibrahim Khan as its head. Nadir Shah recruited Fazlali Bey and Panahali Bey (later Panahali Khan), the sons of Ibrahimkhalil Agha, from the Javanshir clan to serve in his army. Because of their bravery, Nadir Shah appointed Fazlali Bey first as a viceroy and then as a butler. After Fazlali Bey was killed because he openly protested to Nadir Shah regarding the exile of the Karabakh lands, his position was entrusted to his younger brother Panahali Bey. According to Mirza Adigozal bey, Nadir Shah wanted t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shirvan Khanate
Shirvan Khanate ( fa, خانات شیروان, Khānāt-e Shirvan) was a Caucasian khanate under Iranian suzerainty, which controlled the Shirvan region from 1761 to 1820. Background Under the Safavid dynasty of Iran, Shirvan was a leading silk manufacturer and its principal city, Shamakhi, became an important place for trade. In 1724, most of Shirvan was annexed to the Ottoman Empire by the Treaty of Constantinople. In 1734, the Iranian military leader Nader recovered Shirvan and installed Mohammad Mehdi Khan as its ''beglarbeg'' (governor-general). The following year, Mohammad Mehdi Khan was killed by rebellious dignitaries of the province. They had been incited by the governor of Darband, Morad-Ali Soltan Ostajlu. Mohammad Qasem Beg, who was a prominent dignitary of Shirvan and Nader's ''ishikaghasi-bashi'' (chamberlain), successfully appealed to Nader to pardon Shirvan. In 1735, Nader had the inhabitants of Shamakhi resettled in New Shamakhi ( Aqsu), situated 18 miles north ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
