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January 1999 Mineriad
The January 1999 Mineriad was led by miners in Romania against low wages under the leadership of Miron Cozma in January 1999. Protesters marched onto Bucharest and other cities, demonstrating the government's wage policies and low wages, demanding an increase of the wages and better working conditions in the country. History The Jiu Valley miners left again for Bucharest, unhappy with the governmental reduction of the subsidies, which would result in the closing of the mines. The barricade installed by the gendarmes at Costești was crossed by the miners. Near Râmnicu Vâlcea, a Gendarmerie unit was ambushed by the miners. After reaching Râmnicu Vâlcea, they sequestered the prefect of Vâlcea County. Radu Vasile, prime minister at the time, negotiated an agreement with Miron Cozma, the miners' leader, at the nearby Cozia Monastery. On 14 February 1999, Cozma was found guilty for organizing the mineriad and he was sentenced for 18 years in prison. The miners led by Cozma left f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mineriad
The mineriads ( ro, mineriade) were a series of protests and often violent altercations by Jiu Valley miners in Bucharest during the 1990s, particularly 1990–91. The term "mineriad" is also used to refer to the most significant and violent of these encounters, which occurred June 1990 Mineriad, June 13–15, 1990. During the 1990s, the Jiu Valley miners played Jiu Valley#The 1990s: the rise and decline of miners' unions, a visible role in Romanian politics, and their protests reflected inter-political and societal struggles after the Romanian Revolution. January 1990 mineriad 28 January After the National Salvation Front (Romania), National Salvation Front's decision to transform itself into a political party, an anti-Communist demonstration took place in Bucharest's Victoria Square, Bucharest, Victoria Square (Piața Victoriei), organised by the Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party (PNȚ-CD), National Liberal Party (Romania), National Liberal Party (PNL), and other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cozia Monastery
Cozia Monastery, erected close to Călimănești by Mircea the Elder in 1388 and housing his tomb, is one of the most valuable monuments of national medieval art and architecture in Romania. History The name of the monastery is of Cuman origin and it means "walnut grove", from Turkic word ''koz'', meaning walnut. The original name of the place was the Romanian equivalent, ''Nucetul'', but already in 1387, a document of Mircea cel Bătrân uses the current name. The fortified cloister dates from the foundation (1388) and is the only in Byzantine style preserved in Romania. Two chapels are incorporated in the side toward the Olt River and their Byzantine cupolas are reflected in the water, creating one of the most iconic cultural - natural landmarks in Romania. The church façades' decorations with stone rosettes, horizontal Byzantine-style rows of brick and stone and vertical frames are unprecedented in Wallachian architecture and are typical from the Serbian Morava School, which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Riots And Civil Disorder In Romania
A riot is a form of civil disorder commonly characterized by a group lashing out in a violent public disturbance against authority, property, or people. Riots typically involve destruction of property, public or private. The property targeted varies depending on the riot and the inclinations of those involved. Targets can include Shopping mall, shops, Car, cars, Restaurant, restaurants, state-owned institutions, and religious buildings. Riots often occur in reaction to a grievance or out of dissent. Historically, riots have occurred due to poverty, unemployment, poor quality of life, living conditions, governmental oppression, taxation or conscription, conflicts between ethnic groups (race riot) or religions (sectarian violence, pogrom), the outcome of a sporting event (sports riot, football hooliganism) or frustration with legal channels through which to air grievances. While individuals may attempt to lead or control a riot, riots typically consist of disorganized groups th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Bucharest
The history of Bucharest covers the time from the early settlements on the locality's territory (and that of the surrounding area in Ilfov County) until its modern existence as a city, capital of Wallachia, and present-day capital of Romania. Prehistory The territory of present-day Bucharest has been inhabited since the Palaeolithic. The earliest evidence of human life in this region dates from this period. They include flint tools, found in the area of the Colentina Lake shore, or around the Fundeni Lake. At that time, all this area where now is Bucharest was covered by forests. Settlements appeared as well later during the Neolithic, along the Dâmbovița and Colentina rivers. The oldest Neolithic dwellings on the territory of the capital have been discovered in the Dudești neighbourhood, at Fundeni and at Roșu. Later archaeological research also revealed later Neolithic settlements, situated at Pantelimon, Cățelu, Bucureștii Noi or at Giulești, or around Buchares ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Romania (1989–present)
After the Communist rulership ended and the former Communist dictator Nicolae Ceaușescu was executed in the midst of the bloody Romanian Revolution of December 1989, the National Salvation Front (FSN) seized power, led by Ion Iliescu. The FSN transformed itself into a massive political party in short time and overwhelmingly won the general election of May 1990, with Iliescu as president. These first months of 1990 were marked by violent protests and counter-protests, involving most notably the tremendously violent and brutal coal miners of the Jiu Valley which were called by Iliescu himself and the FSN to crush peaceful protesters in the University Square in Bucharest. Subsequently, the Romanian government undertook a programme of free market economic reforms and privatization, following a gradualist line rather than shock therapy throughout the early and mid 1990s. Economic reforms have continued, although there was little economic growth until the 2000s. ''Social'' reforms s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1999 In Romania
This is a list of 1999 events that occurred in Romania. Incumbents * President – Emil Constantinescu * Prime Minister – Radu Vasile Events January * 4 January – Start of the January 1999 Mineriad. Nearly 15,000 miners from National Coal Company in Jiu Valley start a strike to get higher salaries and renunciation to the program of closure of unprofitable mines, threatening to come to Bucharest if their demands are not met. The government refuses to negotiate. * 15 January – January 1999 Mineriad: The Mineriad is declared illegal. * 18 January – Over 10,000 miners begin a march to Bucharest. * 20 January – January 1999 Mineriad: President convokes the Parliament in extraordinary session. The government is ready to negotiate, as long as the miners stop. They are ready to talk, but only with the Prime Minister. At around 18 o'clock, those 10,000 miners reach Horezu where they stay overnight. * 21 January – January 1999 Mineriad: In Bucharest takes place a joint pre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protests In Romania
A protest (also called a demonstration, remonstration or remonstrance) is a public expression of objection, disapproval or dissent towards an idea or action, typically a political one. Protests can be thought of as acts of cooperation in which numerous people cooperate by attending, and share the potential costs and risks of doing so. Protests can take many different forms, from individual statements to mass demonstrations. Protesters may organize a protest as a way of publicly making their opinions heard in an attempt to influence public opinion or government policy, or they may undertake direct action in an attempt to enact desired changes themselves. Where protests are part of a systematic and peaceful nonviolent campaign to achieve a particular objective, and involve the use of pressure as well as persuasion, they go beyond mere protest and may be better described as a type of protest called civil resistance or nonviolent resistance. Various forms of self-expr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mineriads
The mineriads ( ro, mineriade) were a series of protests and often violent altercations by Jiu Valley miners in Bucharest during the 1990s, particularly 1990–91. The term "mineriad" is also used to refer to the most significant and violent of these encounters, which occurred June 13–15, 1990. During the 1990s, the Jiu Valley miners played a visible role in Romanian politics, and their protests reflected inter-political and societal struggles after the Romanian Revolution. January 1990 mineriad 28 January After the National Salvation Front's decision to transform itself into a political party, an anti-Communist demonstration took place in Bucharest's Victoria Square (Piața Victoriei), organised by the Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party (PNȚ-CD), National Liberal Party (PNL), and other historical and newly founded oppositional smaller parties. Even though the anti-Communist demonstration started out (and was intended to be) non-violent, the protesters cha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rahova
Rahova is a neighbourhood of southwest Bucharest, Romania, situated in Sector 5, west of Dâmboviţa River. It is named after the Bulgarian town ''Rahovo'' (today Oryahovo), site of a battle in the Romanian War of Independence. The neighborhood stretches from between Antiaeriană and Drumul Sării Avenues to Panduri Square (in the west), Panduri and 13 Septembrie Streets in the north, George Cosbuc Avenue, Viilor and Sălaj Streets in the east and Bucharest City Limits in the South. Roughly, the neighbourhood is organized alongside two important arterial streets (13 Septembrie and Rahovei Streets, and the streets linking them). It neighbors Drumul Taberei, Centrul Civic (at Izvor), and Ferentari. Roughly, Rahova is situated on the Uranus and Viilor hills. The inhabitants of the neighbourhood split it further in "zones", partially based on the naming and numbering of the block of flats (a specificity of Rahova is that house numbering and postal addressing is not done based on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Olt County
Olt County () is a county ( județ) of Romania on the border with Bulgaria, in the historical regions of Oltenia and Muntenia (the regions are separated by the Olt river). The capital city is Slatina. History On 24 August 2017, the Olt County Council decided to hold a name referendum on 15 October 2017 for the proposal to change the county name to "Olt- Romanați". The referendum was eventually held on 6 and 7 October 2018. The vote was nullified, as turnout was 27.19%, below the required threshold of 30%; therefore, the Olt County retains its current name. Demographics In 2011, the county had a population of 415,530 and the population density was . * Romanians - 98.06% * Romani - 1.86% * Other minorities - 0.08% The county is a mainly rural one, with over 60% of the population living in villages. Geography This county has a total area of . The county lies in a flat area on the western part of the Romanian Plain. It is crossed by rivers from north to south, the ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stoenești, Olt
Stoenești is a commune in Olt County, Oltenia, Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeast Europe, Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, S .... It is composed of a single village, Stoenești. The February 1999 Mineriad ended in this village. Unofficial figures indicated that 15 miners died during clashes with law enforcement. References Communes in Olt County Localities in Oltenia {{Olt-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
February 1999 Mineriad
The February 1999 Mineriad was the last of the six mineriads that occurred in Romania. It began on 16 February 1999, when 2,000–2,500 miners from the Jiu Valley left for Bucharest in around 50 buses as a protest against the 18-year long jail sentence given ''in absentia'' to Miron Cozma, the "leader" of the miners, for his actions in the September 1991 Mineriad against the Romanian Government. On the morning of the next day, the miners were stopped in Stoenești, Olt County, by Romanian Gendarmerie units, who began to beat the miners "until the paving stones were reddened with their blood", according to witnesses. Reportedly, some natives from the village were misidentified as miners and beaten as well and some other natives assisted the miners in the fight against the Gendarmerie. Cozma tried to escape on a bus, but he was surrounded and arrested on 17 February at around 9:00 EET along with over 500 miners. After this, he was taken to a prison in Rahova Rahova is a neigh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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