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Jafar Shafaghat
Arteshbod Jafar Shafaghat ( fa, جعفر شفقت; 1915 – February 4, 2001) was a General officer in the Iranian Pahlavi Army and was the last Minister of Defense in Shapour Bakhtiar government (1978 — 1979). Jafar Shafaghat was the last governor of East Azerbaijan Province during the Pahlavi dynasty. He died in exile in Nice, France. Early life Jafar Shafaghat was born in Tabriz in 1915. Coming from an Azerbaijani family. After graduating from primary and secondary school, with the help of his uncle Mohammad-Hossein Damavandi, he entered the Iranian College of Officers in 1933 (1312 Shamsi). After a two-year course, in the year 1935 (1314 Shamsi), he received the rank of officer. He later served in the Imperial guard, and ultimately was appointed commander of the shah's guard with the rank of captain. He served as the commander of the 1st Division of the Imperial Guard until 1950 with the rank of Colonel. He attended L'École d'Application de l'Infanterie (EAI)pour ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minister Of War (Iran)
The Ministry of Defence and Armed Forces Logistics (MODAFL; fa, وزارت دفاع و پشتیبانی نیروهای مسلح, vezarat-e defa' va poshtibani-ey niruha-ye mosallah) is the defence ministry of the Islamic Republic of Iran and part of the country's executive branch. It thus reports to the President of Iran, not to the Commander-in-Chief of the Iranian Armed Forces. Unlike many countries, the ministry is not involved with in-the-field military operational command of the armed forces. Instead it is responsible for planning, logistics and funding of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran while the General Staff, a separate institution under command of the supreme leader of Iran, has control over the forces. The MODAFL is also the major player in defense industry of Iran, with multiple conglomerates and subordinates active in research and development, maintenance and manufacturing of military equipment. It annually exports military equipment manufactured in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tabriz
Tabriz ( fa, تبریز ; ) is a city in northwestern Iran, serving as the capital of East Azerbaijan Province. It is the List of largest cities of Iran, sixth-most-populous city in Iran. In the Quri Chay, Quru River valley in Iran's historic Azerbaijan (Iran), Azerbaijan region between long ridges of volcanic cones in the Sahand and Eynali mountains, Tabriz's elevation ranges between above sea level. The valley opens up into a plain that gently slopes down to the eastern shores of Lake Urmia, to the west. With cold winters and temperate summers, Tabriz is considered a summer resort. It was named World Carpet Weaving City by the World Crafts Council in October 2015 and Exemplary Tourist City of 2018 by the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. With a population of over 1.7 million (2016), Tabriz is the largest economic hub and metropolitan area in northwest Iran. The population is bilingual, speaking Azerbaijani language, Azerbaijani and Persian. Tabriz is a major heavy industrie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand Ayatollah
Marji ( ar, مرجع, transliteration: ''marjiʿ''; plural: ''marājiʿ''), literally meaning "source to follow" or "religious reference", is a title given to the highest level of Twelver Shia authority, a Grand Ayatollah with the authority given by a hawzah to make legal decisions within the confines of Sharia, Islamic law for followers and lower-ranking clerics. The highest ranking ''marjiʿ'' is known as the ''marja al-mutlaq'' or ''marja al-taqlid al-mutlaq''. Sources differ as to when the institution of the marja˓ emerged, with Murtadha al-Ansari (d. 1864) and Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni (d. 940 or 941 CE) both being called the first marja'. Title Currently, maraji' are accorded the title ''Grand Ayatollah'' ( ar, آية الله العظمی ''ʾĀyatullāh al-ʿUẓmā''). Previously, the titles of Allamah (such as Allameh Tabatabaei, Allameh Majlesi, Allameh Hilli) and Imam (such as Imam Khomeini, Sayyid Sadeq Rohani, Imam Rohani, Mohammad al-Husayni al-Shirazi, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jamshid Amouzegar
Jamshid Amouzegar ( fa, جمشید آموزگار; 25 June 1923 – 27 September 2016) was an Iranian economist and politician who was prime minister of Iran from 7 August 1977 to 27 August 1978 when he resigned. Prior to that, he served as the minister of interior and minister of finance in the cabinet of Amir-Abbas Hoveida. He was the leader of Rastakhiz Party during his tenure as prime minister of Iran. Early life and education Kashid was born on 25 June 1923 in Tehran, Persia. He graduated from Tehran University with degrees in law and engineering. before atttendingCornell University and receiving a Ph.D. Career Amouzegar served as deputy minister in Iran's ministry of health under Jahanshah Saleh in 1955. In 1959 Amouzegar replaced Hassan Akhavi as agriculture minister when Akhavi was removed from the cabinet of Prime Minister Manouchehr Eghbal. He was appointed minister of labor and then minister of health in the cabinet led by Prime Minister Hasan-ali Mansour. He s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Hofmann
Paul Hofmann (20 November 1912 in Vienna – 30 December 2008) was an Austrian, later American, author, journalist, linguist, and political activist.Tagliabue, John (31 December 2008)"Paul Hofmann, Author and Foe of Nazis, Dies at 96".''The New York Times''. ''The New York Times'', for whom he was a foreign correspondent, described him as fluent in German, Italian, French, and English, and having a command of several other languages that was more than passable, as well as "a broad grasp of history and diplomatic affairs and an often playful curiosity". Biography Hofmann was born in Vienna, Austria on 20 November 1912. He was raised for the most part by his uncle, who was an influential Socialist. He studied law at the University of Vienna after which he became a member of the Christian Socialist Party. In 1934 he became a travelling speaker for the Catholic Popular Federation, and after two years with the Federation, he became the chief editorial writer of one of their public ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Urmia
Urmia or Orumiyeh ( fa, ارومیه, Variously transliterated as ''Oroumieh'', ''Oroumiyeh'', ''Orūmīyeh'' and ''Urūmiyeh''.) is the largest city in West Azerbaijan Province of Iran and the capital of Urmia County. It is situated at an altitude of above sea level, and is located along the Shahar River on the Urmia Plain. Lake Urmia, one of the world's largest salt lakes, lies to the east of the city, and the mountainous Turkish border area lies to the west. Urmia is the 10th-most populous city in Iran. At the 2012 census, its population was 667,499, with 197,749 households. The majority of the city's residents are Azerbaijanis, with a large minority of Kurds, and a smaller number of Assyrians, and Armenians, as well as Persian-speakers who moved to the city mostly for employment. The city is the trading center for a fertile agricultural region where fruits (especially apples and grapes) and tobacco are grown. Even though the majority of the residents of Urmia are Musli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
École Supérieure De Guerre
The ''École supérieure de guerre'' ("Superior School of Warfare") was the most senior military education institute and staff college of the French Army, from 1876 until 1993, when it was merged into the inter-service ' (Joint Defense College), which was succeeded in 2011 by the ' (School of Warfare). Located in the École militaire complex in Paris, it was responsible for the training of staff officers and general officers. Establishment Drawing on lessons from the defeat in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, General Ernest Courtot de Cissey, Minister of War between 1871 to 1876, decided on 26 January 1876 to establish courses intended to prepare in two years for the functions of military staff and command officers of whom Marshal François Certain de Canrobert, a member of the ''Conseil supérieur de la guerre'' (Superior War Council), said that they should henceforth "have a thorough knowledge of the particular and combined use of various weapons". General Henri-Pierre Casteln ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Farsnews Agency
The Fars News Agency is a news agency in Iran managed by the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), an armed wing loyal to Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei. While it describes itself as "Iran's leading independent news agency", it is widely described by Western news media to be a "semi-official" news agency of the Government of Iran. All its content is free content, Creative Commons licensed. History Fars News Agency was founded in 2003. In addition to Persian reporting, the agency also provides news in English, Turkish, Arabic, and Dari. Notable stories Interview with Egyptian president In June 2012, Fars released an interview with Egyptian President Mohamed Morsi in which Morsi is said to have told Fars that he wanted to restore ties with Iran and wanted to "review" the Egypt–Israel peace treaty. Morsi later disputed the authenticity of the interview. Fars responded by providing what it said was audio of the interview. Arabic newscaster Al Arabiya quoted unnamed experts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Defense And Armed Forces Logistics (Iran)
The Ministry of Defence and Armed Forces Logistics (MODAFL; fa, وزارت دفاع و پشتیبانی نیروهای مسلح, vezarat-e defa' va poshtibani-ey niruha-ye mosallah) is the defence ministry of the Islamic Republic of Iran and part of the country's executive branch. It thus reports to the President of Iran, not to the Commander-in-Chief of the Iranian Armed Forces. Unlike many countries, the ministry is not involved with in-the-field military operational command of the armed forces. Instead it is responsible for planning, logistics and funding of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran while the General Staff, a separate institution under command of the supreme leader of Iran, has control over the forces. The MODAFL is also the major player in defense industry of Iran, with multiple conglomerates and subordinates active in research and development, maintenance and manufacturing of military equipment. It annually exports military equipment manufactured in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arteshbod
A general officer is an officer of high rank in the armies, and in some nations' air forces, space forces, and marines or naval infantry. In some usages the term "general officer" refers to a rank above colonel."general, adj. and n.". OED Online. March 2021. Oxford University Press. https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/77489?rskey=dCKrg4&result=1 (accessed May 11, 2021) The term ''general'' is used in two ways: as the generic title for all grades of general officer and as a specific rank. It originates in the 16th century, as a shortening of ''captain general'', which rank was taken from Middle French ''capitaine général''. The adjective ''general'' had been affixed to officer designations since the late medieval period to indicate relative superiority or an extended jurisdiction. Today, the title of ''general'' is known in some countries as a four-star rank. However, different countries use different systems of stars or other insignia for senior ranks. It has a NATO rank scal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
