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JPEG-HDR
JPEG XT (ISO/IEC 18477) is an image compression standard which specifies backward-compatible extensions of the base JPEG standard (ISO/IEC 10918-1 and ITU Rec. T.81). JPEG XT extends JPEG with support for higher integer bit depths, high dynamic range imaging and floating-point coding, lossless coding, alpha channel coding, and an extensible file format based on JFIF. It also includes reference software implementation and conformance testing specification. JPEG XT extensions are backward compatible with base JPEG/JFIF file format - existing software is forward compatible and can read the JPEG XT binary stream, though it would only decode the base 8-bit lossy image.Thomas Richter, Alessandro Artusi, Touradj Ebrahimi, JPEG XT: A new family of JPEG backward-compatible standards, IEEE MultiMedia Magazine, Issue of July/Sept 2016. DOI: 10.1109/MMUL.2016.49. Pre-print version. https://jpeg.org/downloads/jpegxt/IEEE_MM-preprint-AA-TE.pdf The JPEG XT standard JPEG standards are forma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
JPEG-HDR
JPEG XT (ISO/IEC 18477) is an image compression standard which specifies backward-compatible extensions of the base JPEG standard (ISO/IEC 10918-1 and ITU Rec. T.81). JPEG XT extends JPEG with support for higher integer bit depths, high dynamic range imaging and floating-point coding, lossless coding, alpha channel coding, and an extensible file format based on JFIF. It also includes reference software implementation and conformance testing specification. JPEG XT extensions are backward compatible with base JPEG/JFIF file format - existing software is forward compatible and can read the JPEG XT binary stream, though it would only decode the base 8-bit lossy image.Thomas Richter, Alessandro Artusi, Touradj Ebrahimi, JPEG XT: A new family of JPEG backward-compatible standards, IEEE MultiMedia Magazine, Issue of July/Sept 2016. DOI: 10.1109/MMUL.2016.49. Pre-print version. https://jpeg.org/downloads/jpegxt/IEEE_MM-preprint-AA-TE.pdf The JPEG XT standard JPEG standards are forma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Graphics File Formats
An Image file format is a file format for a digital image. There are many formats that can be used, such as JPEG, PNG, and GIF. Most formats up until 2022 were for storing 2D images, not 3D ones. The data stored in an image file format may be compressed or uncompressed. If the data is compressed, it may be done so using lossy compression or lossless compression. For graphic design applications, vector formats are often used. Some image file formats support transparency. Raster formats are for 2D images. A 3D image can be represented within a 2D format, as in a stereogram or autostereogram, but this 3D image will not be a true light field, and thereby may cause the vergence-accommodation conflict. Image files are composed of digital data in one of these formats so that the data can be displayed on a digital (computer) display or printed out using a printer. A common method for displaying digital image information has historically been rasterization. Image file sizes The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Image Format
An Image file format is a file format for a digital image. There are many formats that can be used, such as JPEG, PNG, and GIF. Most formats up until 2022 were for storing 2D images, not 3D ones. The data stored in an image file format may be compressed or uncompressed. If the data is compressed, it may be done so using lossy compression or lossless compression. For graphic design applications, vector formats are often used. Some image file formats support transparency. Raster formats are for 2D images. A 3D image can be represented within a 2D format, as in a stereogram or autostereogram, but this 3D image will not be a true light field, and thereby may cause the vergence-accommodation conflict. Image files are composed of digital data in one of these formats so that the data can be displayed on a digital (computer) display or printed out using a printer. A common method for displaying digital image information has historically been rasterization. Image file sizes The s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RGBE Image Format
RGBE or Radiance HDR is an image format invented by Gregory Ward Larson for the Radiance rendering system. It stores pixels as one byte each for RGB (red, green, and blue) values with a one byte shared exponent. Thus it stores four bytes per pixel. Description RGBE allows pixels to have the dynamic range and precision of floating-point values in a relatively compact data structure (32bits per pixel) - often when images are generated from light simulations, the range of per-pixel color intensity values are much greater than will nicely fit into the standard 0..255 (8-bit) range of standard 24-bit image formats. As a result, the bright pixels are either clipped to 255 or end up losing all their precision in dimmer pixels. By using a shared exponent, the RGBE format gains some of the advantages of floating-point values whilst using less than the 32 or 16 bits per color component that would be needed for single precision or half-precision data in the IEEE floating-point format and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joint Photographic Experts Group
The Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) is the joint committee between ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29 and ITU-T Study Group 16 that created and maintains the JPEG, JPEG 2000, JPEG XR, JPEG XT, JPEG XS, JPEG XL, and related digital image standards. It also has the responsibility for maintenance of the JBIG and JBIG2 standards that were developed by the former Joint Bi-level Image Experts Group. Within ISO/IEC JTC 1, JPEG is Working Group 1 (WG 1) of Subcommittee 29 (SC 29) and has the formal title ''JPEG Coding of digital representations of images'', where it is one of eight working groups in SC 29. In the ITU-T (formerly called the CCITT), its work falls in the domain of the ITU-T Visual Coding Experts Group (VCEG), which is Question 6 of Study Group 16. JPEG has typically held meetings three or four times annually in North America, Asia and Europe (with meetings held virtually during the COVID-19 pandemic). The chairman of JPEG (termed its ''Convenor'' in ISO/IEC terminology) i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dolby Laboratories
Dolby Laboratories, Inc. (often shortened to Dolby Labs and known simply as Dolby) is an American company specializing in audio noise reduction, audio encoding/compression, spatial audio, and HDR imaging. Dolby licenses its technologies to consumer electronics manufacturers. History Dolby Labs was founded by Ray Dolby (1933–2013) in London, England, in 1965. In the same year, he invented the Dolby Noise Reduction system, a form of audio signal processing for reducing the background hissing sound on audio tape recordings. His first U.S. patent on the technology was filed in 1969, four years later. The method was first used by Decca Records in the UK. He moved the company headquarters to the United States (San Francisco, California) in 1976. The first product Dolby Labs produced was the Dolby 301 unit which incorporated Type A Dolby Noise Reduction, a compander-based noise reduction system. These units were intended for use in professional recording studios. Dolby was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radiance (software)
Radiance is a suite of tools for performing '' lighting simulation'' originally written by Greg Ward. It includes a renderer as well as many other tools for measuring the simulated light levels. It uses ray tracing to perform all lighting calculations, accelerated by the use of an octree data structure. It pioneered the concept of high-dynamic-range imaging, where light levels are (theoretically) open-ended values instead of a decimal proportion of a maximum (e.g. 0.0 to 1.0) or integer fraction of a maximum (0 to 255 / 255). It also implements global illumination using the Monte Carlo method to sample light falling on a point. Greg Ward started developing Radiance in 1985 while at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The source code was distributed under a license forbidding further redistribution. In January 2002 Radiance 3.4 was relicensed under a less restrictive license. One study found Radiance to be the most generally useful software package for architectural lighting ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tone Mapping
Tone mapping is a technique used in image processing and computer graphics to map one set of colors to another to approximate the appearance of high-dynamic-range images in a medium that has a more limited dynamic range. Print-outs, CRT or LCD monitors, and projectors all have a limited dynamic range that is inadequate to reproduce the full range of light intensities present in natural scenes. Tone mapping addresses the problem of strong contrast reduction from the scene radiance to the displayable range while preserving the image details and color appearance important to appreciate the original scene content. Inverse tone mapping is the inverse technique that allows to expand the luminance range, mapping a low dynamic range image into a higher dynamic range image. It is notably used to upscale SDR videos to HDR videos. Background The introduction of film-based photography created issues since capturing the enormous dynamic range of lighting from the real world on a chemi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GNU GPLv3
The GNU General Public License (GNU GPL or simply GPL) is a series of widely used free software licenses that guarantee end users the four freedoms to run, study, share, and modify the software. The license was the first copyleft for general use and was originally written by the founder of the Free Software Foundation (FSF), Richard Stallman, for the GNU Project. The license grants the recipients of a computer program the rights of the Free Software Definition. These GPL series are all copyleft licenses, which means that any derivative work must be distributed under the same or equivalent license terms. It is more restrictive than the Lesser General Public License and even further distinct from the more widely used permissive software licenses BSD, MIT, and Apache. Historically, the GPL license family has been one of the most popular software licenses in the free and open-source software domain. Prominent free software programs licensed under the GPL include the Linux k ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
JPEG-LS
Lossless JPEG is a 1993 addition to JPEG standard by the Joint Photographic Experts Group to enable lossless compression. However, the term may also be used to refer to all lossless compression schemes developed by the group, including JPEG 2000 and JPEG-LS. Lossless JPEG was developed as a late addition to JPEG in 1993, using a completely different technique from the lossy JPEG standard. It uses a predictive scheme based on the three nearest (causal) neighbors (upper, left, and upper-left), and entropy coding is used on the prediction error. The standard Independent JPEG Group libraries cannot encode or decode it, but Ken Murchison of Oceana Matrix Ltd. wrote a patch that extends the IJG library to handle lossless JPEG. Lossless JPEG has some popularity in medical imaging, and is used in DNG and some digital cameras to compress raw images, but otherwise was never widely adopted. Adobe'DNG SDK provides a software library for encoding and decoding lossless JPEG with up to 16 bit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joint Photography Experts Group
The Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) is the joint committee between ISO/ IEC JTC 1/ SC 29 and ITU-T Study Group 16 that created and maintains the JPEG, JPEG 2000, JPEG XR, JPEG XT, JPEG XS, JPEG XL, and related digital image standards. It also has the responsibility for maintenance of the JBIG and JBIG2 standards that were developed by the former Joint Bi-level Image Experts Group. Within ISO/IEC JTC 1, JPEG is Working Group 1 (WG 1) of Subcommittee 29 (SC 29) and has the formal title ''JPEG Coding of digital representations of images'', where it is one of eight working groups in SC 29. In the ITU-T (formerly called the CCITT), its work falls in the domain of the ITU-T Visual Coding Experts Group (VCEG), which is Question 6 of Study Group 16. JPEG has typically held meetings three or four times annually in North America, Asia and Europe (with meetings held virtually during the COVID-19 pandemic). The chairman of JPEG (termed its ''Convenor'' in ISO/IEC terminol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Walt Disney Feature Animation
Walt Disney Animation Studios (WDAS), sometimes shortened to Disney Animation, is an American animation studio that creates animated features and short films for The Walt Disney Company. The studio's current production logo features a scene from its first synchronized sound cartoon, ''Steamboat Willie'' (1928). Founded on October 16, 1923, by brothers Walt Disney and Roy O. Disney, it is the oldest-running animation studio in the world. It is currently organized as a division of Walt Disney Studios and is headquartered at the Roy E. Disney Animation Building at the Walt Disney Studios lot in Burbank, California. Since its foundation, the studio has produced 61 feature films, from '' Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs'' (1937) to '' Strange World'' (2022), and hundreds of short films. The animation studio (and its parent company) indirectly takes its name from Isigny-sur-Mer, in Calvados, Normandy, France, where Disney's ancestors were based there for a few years. Founded ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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