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JIRAM
Jovian Infrared Auroral Mapper (JIRAM) is an instrument on the ''Juno'' spacecraft in orbit of the planet Jupiter. It is an image spectrometer and was contributed by Italy. Similar instruments are on ESA ''Rosetta'', ''Venus Express'', and '' Cassini-Huygens'' missions. The primary goal of JIRAM is to probe the upper layers of Jupiter's atmosphere down to pressures of 5–7 bars (72–102 pound/square inch) at infrared wavelengths in the 2–5 μm interval using an imager and a spectrometer. The Jupiter's atmosphere and auroral regions are targeted for study. In particular it has been designed to study the dynamics and chemistry in the atmosphere, perhaps determining the how Jovian hot spots form. ions, ammonia, and phosphine can be mapped. The ion of Hydrogen is rare on Earth, but is one of the most common ions in the universe and known as protonated molecular hydrogen or the trihydrogen cation. Despite the intense magnetosphere of Jupiter, the JIRAM is expected to be oper ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
JIRAM Instrument Juno Arrival Press Kit 01072016 223752
Jovian Infrared Auroral Mapper (JIRAM) is an instrument on the ''Juno'' spacecraft in orbit of the planet Jupiter. It is an image spectrometer and was contributed by Italy. Similar instruments are on ESA ''Rosetta'', ''Venus Express'', and '' Cassini-Huygens'' missions. The primary goal of JIRAM is to probe the upper layers of Jupiter's atmosphere down to pressures of 5–7 bars (72–102 pound/square inch) at infrared wavelengths in the 2–5 μm interval using an imager and a spectrometer. The Jupiter's atmosphere and auroral regions are targeted for study. In particular it has been designed to study the dynamics and chemistry in the atmosphere, perhaps determining the how Jovian hot spots form. ions, ammonia, and phosphine can be mapped. The ion of Hydrogen is rare on Earth, but is one of the most common ions in the universe and known as protonated molecular hydrogen or the trihydrogen cation. Despite the intense magnetosphere of Jupiter, the JIRAM is expected to be oper ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juno (spacecraft)
''Juno'' is a NASA space probe orbiting the planet Jupiter. It was built by Lockheed Martin and is operated by NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The spacecraft was launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station on August 5, 2011 UTC, as part of the New Frontiers program. ''Juno'' entered a polar orbit of Jupiter on July 5, 2016, UTC, to begin a scientific investigation of the planet. After completing its mission, ''Juno'' will be intentionally deorbited into Jupiter's atmosphere. ''Juno'' mission is to measure Jupiter's composition, gravitational field, magnetic field, and polar magnetosphere. It will also search for clues about how the planet formed, including whether it has a rocky core, the amount of water present within the deep atmosphere, mass distribution, and its deep winds, which can reach speeds up to . ''Juno'' is the second spacecraft to orbit Jupiter, after the nuclear powered ''Galileo'' orbiter, which orbited from 1995 to 2003. Unlike all earlier spacecr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atmosphere Of Jupiter
The atmosphere of Jupiter is the largest planetary atmosphere in the Solar System. It is mostly made of molecular hydrogen and helium in roughly Sun#Composition, solar proportions; other chemical compounds are present only in small amounts and include methane, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and water. Although water is thought to reside deep in the atmosphere, its directly measured concentration is very low. The nitrogen, sulfur, and noble gas abundances in Jupiter's atmosphere exceed solar values by a factor of about three. The atmosphere of Jupiter lacks a clear lower boundary and gradually transitions into the liquid interior of the planet. From lowest to highest, the atmospheric layers are the troposphere, stratosphere, thermosphere and exosphere. Each layer has characteristic temperature gradients. The lowest layer, the troposphere, has a complicated system of clouds and hazes, comprising layers of ammonia, ammonium hydrosulfide and water. The upper ammonia clouds visible at Jup ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
JunoCam
JunoCam (or JCM) is the visible-light camera/telescope onboard NASA's ''Juno'' spacecraft currently orbiting Jupiter. The camera is operated by the JunoCam Digital Electronics Assembly (JDEA). Both the camera and JDEA were built by Malin Space Science Systems. JunoCam takes a swath of imaging as the spacecraft rotates; the camera is fixed to the spacecraft, so as it rotates, it gets one sweep of observation. It has a field of view of 58 degrees with four filters (3 for visible light). Planned goals and outcome Originally, due to telecommunications constraints, ''Juno'' was expected to only be able to return about 40 megabytes of camera data during each 11-day orbital period (the orbital period was later modified). The downlink average data rate of around 325 bits per second will limit the number of images that are captured and transmitted during each orbit to somewhere between 10 and 100 depending on the compression level used. This is comparable to the previous ''Galileo'' mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Angioletta Coradini
Angioletta Coradini (1 July 1946 – 4 September 2011) was an Italian astrophysicist and planetary scientist. Biography In 1970 she completed a master's degree in physics at the University of Rome, the city where she would do her research over her entire career—at first at the university, then from 1975 at the National Research Council of Italy (CNR), and finally at the National Astrophysics Institute of Italy (INAF). Participation in international scientific projects * Co-investigator for NASA lunar and planetary research (1970–74); * Member of the Science Team for the CIRS and VIMS instruments, and PI of the VIMS visible channel, Cassini-Huygens mission (1991–2011) * Coordinator of the Moon Orbiting Observatory (MORO) proposal and member of the MORO science team (1993–96); * Member of the Observing Time Allocation Committee (OTAC) for the ESA Infrared Observatory (ISO) mission (1994–96); * Member of the European Southern Observatory (ESO) observing Program Committ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
UVS (Juno)
UVS, known as the Ultraviolet Spectrograph or Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer is the name of an instrument on the ''Juno'' orbiter for Jupiter. The instrument is an imaging spectrometer that observes the ultraviolet range of light wavelengths, which is shorter wavelengths than visible light but longer than X-rays. Specifically, it is focused on making remote observations of the aurora, detecting the emissions of gases such as hydrogen in the far-ultraviolet. UVS will observes light from as short a wavelength as 70 nm up to 200 nm, which is in the extreme and far ultraviolet range of light. The source of aurora emissions of Jupiter is one of the goals of the instrument. UVS is one of many instruments on ''Juno'', but it is in particular designed to operate in conjunction with JADE, which observes high-energy particles. With both instruments operating together, both the UV emissions and high-energy particles at the same place and time can be synthesized. This supports t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adobe Flash
Adobe Flash (formerly Macromedia Flash and FutureSplash) is a multimedia Computing platform, software platform used for production of Flash animation, animations, rich web applications, application software, desktop applications, mobile apps, mobile games, and embedded web browser video players. Flash displays text, vector graphics, and raster graphics to provide animations, video games, and applications. It allows streaming of Flash Video, audio and video, and can capture mouse, keyboard, microphone, and camera input. Digital art, Artists may produce Flash graphics and animations using Adobe Animate (formerly known as Adobe Flash Professional). Programmer, Software developers may produce applications and video games using Adobe Flash Builder, FlashDevelop, Flash Catalyst, or any text editor combined with the Apache Flex SDK. End users view Flash content via Adobe Flash Player, Flash Player (for web browsers), Adobe AIR (for desktop or mobile apps), or third-party players such as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ralph (New Horizons)
Ralph is a science instrument aboard the robotic ''New Horizons'' spacecraft, which was launched in 2006. Ralph is a visible and infrared imager and spectrometer to provide maps of relevant astronomical targets based on data from that hardware. Ralph has two major subinstruments, LEISA and MVIC. MVIC stands for ''Multispectral Visible Imaging Camera'' and is a color imaging device, while LEISA originally stood for ''Linear Etalon Imaging Spectral Array'' and is an infrared imaging spectrometer for spaceflight. LEISA observes 250 discrete wavelengths of infrared light from 1.25 to 2.5 micrometers. MVIC is a pushbroom scanner type of design with seven channels, including red, blue, near-infrared (NIR), and methane. Overview Ralph is one of seven major instruments aboard ''New Horizons'' which was launched in 2006 and flew by the dwarf planet Pluto in 2015. At Pluto, Ralph enables the observation of many aspects including: *geology of Pluto *form *structure *surface composition *su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MIRI (Mid-Infrared Instrument)
MIRI, or Mid-Infrared Instrument, is an instrument on the James Webb Space Telescope. MIRI is a camera and a spectrograph that observes mid to long infrared radiation from 5 to 28 microns. It also has coronagraphs, especially for observing exoplanets. Whereas most of the other instruments on Webb can see from the start of near infrared, or even as short as orange visible light, MIRI can see longer wavelength light. MIRI uses silicon arrays doped with arsenic to make observations at these wavelengths. The imager is designed for wide views but the spectrograph has a smaller view. Because it views the longer wavelengths it needs to be cooler than the other instruments (see Infrared astronomy), and it has an additional cooling system. The cooling system for MIRI includes a Pulse Tube precooler and a Joule-Thomson Loop heat exchanger. This allowed MIRI to be cooled down to a temperature of 7 kelvins during operations in space. Overview The spectrograph can observe wavelengths be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microwave Radiometer (Juno)
Microwave Radiometer (MWR) is an instrument on the ''Juno'' orbiter sent to planet Jupiter. MWR is a multi-wavelength microwave radiometer for making observations of Jupiter's deep atmosphere. MWR can observe radiation from 1.37 to 50 cm in wavelength, from 600 MHz to 22 GHz in frequencies. This supports its goal of observing the previously unseen atmospheric features and chemical abundances hundreds of miles/km into Jupiter's atmosphere. MWR is designed to detect six different frequencies in that range using separate antennas. MWR views Jupiter's microwave radiation so it can see up to hundreds of miles deep into the planet. In August 2016, as ''Juno'' swung closely by the planet MWR achieved a penetration of 200 to 250 miles (350 to 400 kilometers) below the surface cloud layer. MWR is designed to make observations below the cloud-tops, especially detecting the abundances of certain chemicals and determine dynamic features. These depths have not been observe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mapping Imaging Spectrometer For Europa
The Mapping Imaging Spectrometer for Europa (MISE) is an imaging near infrared spectrometer on board the ''Europa Clipper'' mission to Jupiter's moon Europa. MISE will examine Europa's surface composition and relate it to the habitability of its internal water ocean. Overview Since NASA's ''Voyager'' mission flew past Europa in 1979, scientists have worked to understand the composition of the reddish-brown material known as tholin that coats fractures and other geologically youthful features on Europa's surface. Material from the ocean is probably being transported to the surface by active processes in the interior. At the surface, the material is exposed to the effects of vacuum, temperature, irradiated by solar UV, and bombarded by material entrained in Jupiter's magnetic field, causing photolysis and radiolysis and the transformation and generation of new organic compounds. The compounds at the surface are likely recycled back into the ocean below. Visible to Short Wavelengt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magnetometer (Juno)
Magnetometer (MAG) is an instrument suite on the ''Juno'' orbiter for planet Jupiter. The MAG instrument includes both the Fluxgate Magnetometer (FGM) and Advanced Stellar Compass (ASC) instruments. There two sets of MAG instrument suites, and they are both positioned on the far end of three solar panel array booms. Each MAG instrument suite observes the same swath of Jupiter, and by having two sets of instruments, determining what signal is from the planet and what is from spacecraft is supported. Avoiding signals from the spacecraft is another reason MAG is placed at the end of the solar panel boom, about 10 m (33 feet) and 12 m (39 feet) away from the central body of the ''Juno'' spacecraft. The MAG instrument is designed to detect the magnetic field of Jupiter, which is one of the largest structures in the Solar System. If one could see Jupiter's magnetic field from Earth, it would appear five times larger than the full moon in the sky despite being nearly 1700 times farth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
