Justice And Freedom Party
The Justice and Freedom Party (JFP) was a minor political party in Fiji. It was formed in 2000 to promote the interests of the Indo-Fijian community, and unsuccessfully contested the 2001 and 2006 elections. It was dissolved in 2013. In the 2001 election the party gained less than 0.1 percent of the popular vote and won no constituencies. With some 76 percent of Indo-Fijians voting for the Fiji Labour Party and 22 percent for the National Federation Party, the JFP was squeezed out. In the 2006 elections, the party intended to run candidates in all 19 communal constituencies allocated to Indo-Fijians, and on 3 April published a manifesto promising to petition the Commonwealth of Nations and the United Nations to press the United Kingdom and Australia to accept responsibility for bringing Indians to Fiji during the colonial era. It also promised a F$10 million scholarship for Indo-Fijian students. The party would also push for dual citizenship to be allowed for Indo-Fijians l ...
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Political Party
A political party is an organization that coordinates candidates to compete in a particular country's elections. It is common for the members of a party to hold similar ideas about politics, and parties may promote specific political ideology, ideological or policy goals. Political parties have become a major part of the politics of almost every country, as modern party organizations developed and spread around the world over the last few centuries. It is extremely rare for a country to have Non-partisan democracy, no political parties. Some countries have Single-party state, only one political party while others have Multi-party system, several. Parties are important in the politics of autocracies as well as democracies, though usually democracies have more political parties than autocracies. Autocracies often have a single party that governs the country, and some political scientists consider competition between two or more parties to be an essential part of democracy. Part ...
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British Empire
The British Empire was composed of the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. It began with the overseas possessions and trading posts established by England between the late 16th and early 18th centuries. At its height it was the largest empire in history and, for over a century, was the foremost global power. By 1913, the British Empire held sway over 412 million people, of the world population at the time, and by 1920, it covered , of the Earth's total land area. As a result, its constitutional, legal, linguistic, and cultural legacy is widespread. At the peak of its power, it was described as "the empire on which the sun never sets", as the Sun was always shining on at least one of its territories. During the Age of Discovery in the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal and Spain pioneered European exploration of the globe, and in the process established large overse ...
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Political Parties Of Minorities
An ethnic party is a political party that overtly presents itself as the champion of one ethnic group or sets of ethnic groups. Ethnic parties make such representation central to their voter mobilization strategy. An alternate designation is 'Political parties of minorities', but they should not be mistaken with regionalist or separatist parties, whose purpose is territorial autonomy. Scientific definitions ''Ethnic party is defined here as an organization authorized to compete in local or national elections; the majority of its leadership and membership identify themselves as belonging to a nondominant ethnic group, and its electoral platform includes demands and programs of an ethnic or cultural nature.Donna Lee Van Cott, From Movements to Parties in Latin America. The Evolution of Ethnic Politics, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2005 Introduction'' ''An ethnic party is a party that overtly represents itself as a champion of the cause of one particular ethnic categor ...
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Fiji Indian Organisations
This is a synopsis of organisations formed by Indians in Fiji. When they became free from the bondage of indenture and were able to organise themselves, they founded numerous organizations to seek social and political justice. These organisations promoted the teaching of Indian languages and religious practices and also to help others in time of need. Some of the successful organisations are listed below in the order in which they were established. Some, such as the National Federation Party, are no longer exclusively Indian, but are still predominantly so. British Indian Association (1911) The British Indian Association was established in 1911, following a severe hurricane that had brought much hardship to the Fiji Indians in the Central Division. It was formed by a group that included J.P. Maharaj (a Suva Storekeeper), Totaram Sanadhya (a pundit and social worker from Rewa), Ram Singh (a Suva printer) and Ram Rup. The meeting was chaired by Shriyut Rupram and discussed grieva ...
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Defunct Political Parties In Fiji
Defunct (no longer in use or active) may refer to: * ''Defunct'' (video game), 2014 * Zombie process or defunct process, in Unix-like operating systems See also * * :Former entities * End-of-life product * Obsolescence Obsolescence is the state of being which occurs when an object, service, or practice is no longer maintained or required even though it may still be in good working order. It usually happens when something that is more efficient or less risky r ...

2006 Fijian Coup D'état
The Fijian coup d'état of December 2006 was a coup d'état carried out by Commodore Frank Bainimarama, Commander of the Republic of Fiji Military Forces, against the government of President Josefa Iloilo. Iloilo was removed as president, but he was later reinstated by Bainimarama on 4 January 2007. The coup occurred as a continuation of the pressure which had been building since the military unrest of the 2000 Fijian coup d'état and 2005–06 Fijian political crisis. Fiji had seen four definitive coups in the past two decades. At the heart of the previous three of these lay the tensions between the ethnic Fijians and Indian Fijians. Religion played a significant role; the majority of ethnic Fijians belong to the Methodist church, whereas the majority of the Indians are Hindu. In each coup, one of the sides sought to establish reduced rights for the Indian Fijians; the other side sought to grant greater rights to the Indian Fijians. The church in Fiji frequently played ...
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Epeli Ganilau
Brigadier-General Ratu Epeli Ganilau, Military Cross, MC, Fijian honours system, MSD, (born 10 October 1951) is a former Fijian military officer and a retired politician. His career previously encompassed such roles as Commander of the Republic of Fiji Military Forces, Fiji Military Forces and Chairman of the Great Council of Chiefs, Chairman of the Great Council of Chiefs, ''Bose Levu Vakaturaga'' (Great Council of Chiefs). On 15 January 2007 he was sworn in as Minister for iTaukei Affairs, Minister for Fijian Affairs in the interim Cabinet of Fiji, Cabinet formed in the wake of the 2006 Fijian coup d'état, military coup which deposed the Laisenia Qarase, Qarase government on 5 December 2006. Early life Ganilau was educated at Wanganui Collegiate School, in New Zealand, from 1965. He later graduated from the University of the South Pacific and from the Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst, England, and the Royal New Zealand Air Force Staff College. Military career He enlisted in ...
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Ratu
''Ratu'' () is an Austronesian title used by male Fijians of chiefly rank. An equivalent title, ''adi'' (pronounced ), is used by females of chiefly rank. In the Malay language, the title ''ratu'' is also the traditional honorific title to refer to the ruling king or queen in Javanese culture (though it has since been used in modern contexts to refer to queen regnants of any nation, e.g. "Ratu Elizabeth II"). Thus in Java, a royal palace is called "''keraton''", constructed from the circumfix ''ke- -an'' and ''Ratu'', to describe the residence of the ratu. Etymology ''Ra'' is a prefix in many titles (''ramasi, ramalo, rasau, ravunisa, ratu''), and ''tu'' means simply "chief". The formal use of "ratu" as a title in a name (as in "Sir" in British tradition) was not introduced until after the cession of 1874. Until then, a chief would be known only by his birth name and his area-specific traditional title. Regional variations include ''ro'' in Rewa and parts of Naitasiri and ...
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National Alliance Party Of Fiji
The National Alliance Party of Fiji (NAPF) was a Fijian political party. It was formally registered on 18 January 2005 by Ratu Epeli Ganilau, as the claimed successor to the defunct Alliance Party, which ruled Fiji from 1967 to 1987 under the leadership of the late ''Ratu'' Sir Kamisese Mara, Ganilau's father-in-law. Others involved with the party included university lecturer Meli Waqa as party secretary, and Manu Korovulavula as treasurer. The Deputy Leader was Hirdesh Sharma. The party was launched publicly at a mass rally in Suva on 8 April 2005. The party announced its intention to wind up in February 2013. Background Previous attempts to forge a multi-racial political movement, including the electoral pact between the ethnic Fijian Soqosoqo ni Vakavulewa ni Taukei (better known in Fiji by its Fijian name, ''Soqosoqo ni Vakavulewa ni Taukei'') and the predominantly Indo-Fijian National Federation Party, which contested the 1999 election unsuccessfully, had been wel ...
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Dildar Shah
Dildar is a masculine given name. It may refer to: * Dildar (actor) (1945–2003), Bangladeshi film actor * Dildar (poet) (1918–1948), Kurdish poet and political activist Given name * Dildar Ali Naseerabadi (1753–1820), Shia scholar of India * Dildar Hussain (born 1957), Pakistani Tabla player * Dildar Pervaiz Bhatti (1940–1994), Pakistani TV host * Dildar Awan (1928–2000), Pakistani cricketer * Dildar Ahmed, Pakistani heavyweight boxer * Dildar khan abbasi, Senior Pakistani journalist and editor of the International Press of Pakistan (1968–2020) See also * Dildarnagar, a town and a nagar panchayat in the Ghazipur district of Uttar Pradesh, India * Meray Qatil Meray Dildar ''Meray Qatil Meray Dildar'' ( ur, , lit=My murderer my beloved) also written as ''Mere Qatil Mere Dildar '' is a Pakistani teledrama broadcast on Hum TV. It premiered on 9 October 2011 and ended its run on 8 April 2012. At the annual Hum Awards ...

Dual Citizenship
Multiple/dual citizenship (or multiple/dual nationality) is a legal status in which a person is concurrently regarded as a national or citizen of more than one country under the laws of those countries. Conceptually, citizenship is focused on the internal political life of the country and nationality is a matter of international dealings. There is no international convention which determines the nationality or citizenship status of a person. This is defined exclusively by national laws, which can vary and conflict with each other. Multiple citizenship arises because different countries use different, and not necessarily mutually exclusive, criteria for citizenship. Colloquially, people may "hold" multiple citizenship but, technically, each nation makes a claim that a particular person is considered its national. A person holding multiple citizenship is, generally, entitled to the rights of citizenship in each country whose citizenship they are holding (such as right to a passpo ...
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Fijian Dollar
The Fijian dollar (currency sign: FJ$, Dollar sign, $; ISO 4217, currency code: FJD) has been the currency of Fiji since 1969 and was also the currency between 1867 and 1873. It is normally abbreviated with the dollar sign $, or alternatively FJ$ to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies. It is divided into 100 cent (currency), cents. History Decimalisation origins Fiji followed the pattern of South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand in that when it adopted the decimalisation, decimal system, it decided to use the half pound unit as opposed to the pound unit of account. The choice of the name dollar was motivated by the fact that the reduced value of the new unit corresponded more closely to the value of the United States dollar, US dollar than it did to the pound sterling. Second dollar (1969–present) The dollar was reintroduced on 15 January 1969, replacing the Fijian pound at a rate of 1 pound = 2 dollars, or 10 shillings = FJ$1. Despite Fiji having been ...
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