|
Juréia Massif
The Juréia Massif ( pt, Serra da Juréia) is an isolated group of mountains on the coast of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The mountains hold a well-preserved remnant of Atlantic Forest, and are contained in the fully protected Juréia-Itatins Ecological Station. Location The name "Juréia" means prominent point in the Tupi-Guaraní language. The Serra da Juréia is a Precambrian horst on the coast of the municipality of Iguape in the south of São Paulo state. The massif covers and rises to . The eastern side falls steeply to the ocean. It is an inselberg connected to the mainland by a sandy alluvial plain that was formed 5100 years ago during the post-glacial Cananéia Transgression, when the sea was about higher than at present. The Paranapu massif, part of the Serra dos Itatins, rises from the plain to the north. Hydrology The streams formed in the Serra da Juréia are clear, with a pH of 5–6.5, and are low in nutrients. A few originate in springs in the ''campo'', bu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prelado State Park
The Prelado State Park ( pt, Parque Estadual do Prelado) is a state park in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Location The Prelado State Park is in the municipality of Iguape, São Paulo. It has an area of . It is in the Atlantic Forest biome. The park is classed as IUCN protected area category II (national park), with the objectives of preserving natural ecosystems of great ecological relevance and scenic beauty, enabling scientific research and developing educational activities, environmental interpretation, recreation in contact with nature and eco-tourism. History The Prelado State Park was created by decree 12.406 of the governor of São Paulo on 12 December 2006 from part of the Juréia-Itatins Ecological Station along the Juréia beach in the municipality of Iguape, including part of the coastal sea. The decree created the Juréia-Itatins Mosaic of conservation units with about . It included the Juréia-Itatins Ecological Station, Itinguçu and Prelado state parks, Desp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Precambrian
The Precambrian (or Pre-Cambrian, sometimes abbreviated pꞒ, or Cryptozoic) is the earliest part of Earth's history, set before the current Phanerozoic Eon. The Precambrian is so named because it preceded the Cambrian, the first period of the Phanerozoic Eon, which is named after Cambria, the Latinised name for Wales, where rocks from this age were first studied. The Precambrian accounts for 88% of the Earth's geologic time. The Precambrian is an informal unit of geologic time, subdivided into three eons ( Hadean, Archean, Proterozoic) of the geologic time scale. It spans from the formation of Earth about 4.6 billion years ago ( Ga) to the beginning of the Cambrian Period, about million years ago ( Ma), when hard-shelled creatures first appeared in abundance. Overview Relatively little is known about the Precambrian, despite it making up roughly seven-eighths of the Earth's history, and what is known has largely been discovered from the 1960s onwards. The Precambrian fossil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
São Paulo (state)
São Paulo () is one of the Federative units of Brazil, 26 states of the Brazil, Federative Republic of Brazil and is named after Paul of Tarsus, Saint Paul of Tarsus. A major industrial complex, the state has 21.9% of the Brazilian population and is responsible for 33.9% of Brazil's GDP. São Paulo also has the List of Brazilian federative units by Human Development Index, second-highest Human Development Index (HDI) and GDP per capita, the List of Brazilian states by infant mortality, fourth-lowest infant mortality rate, the List of Brazilian states by life expectancy, third-highest life expectancy, and the List of Brazilian states by literacy rate, third-lowest rate of illiteracy among the federative units of Brazil. São Paulo alone is wealthier than Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, and Bolivia combined. São Paulo is also the world's twenty-eighth-most populous Administrative division, sub-national entity and the most populous sub-national entity in the Americas. With more than 4 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atlantic Forest
The Atlantic Forest ( pt, Mata Atlântica) is a South American forest that extends along the Atlantic coast of Brazil from Rio Grande do Norte state in the northeast to Rio Grande do Sul state in the south and inland as far as Paraguay and the Misiones Province of Argentina, where the region is known as Selva Misionera. The Atlantic Forest has ecoregions within the following biome categories: seasonal moist and dry broad-leaf tropical forests, tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands, and mangrove forests. The Atlantic Forest is characterized by a high biodiversity and endemism. It was the first environment that the Portuguese colonists encountered over 500 years ago, when it was thought to have had an area of , and stretching an unknown distance inland, making it, back then, the second largest rainforest on the planet, only behind the Amazon rainforest. Over 85% of the original area has been deforested, threatening many plant and animal species with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juréia-Itatins Ecological Station
The Juréia-Itatins Ecological Station ( pt, Estação Ecológica da Juréia-Itatins) is an ecological station (ESEC) in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. It fully protects a well-preserved area of Atlantic Forest and associated ecosystems along the coastal plain and mountains of the south of the state, home to endangered species of mammals and birds. There is however, some threat from illegal gathering of heart of palm. Location The Juréia-Itatins Ecological Station (ESEC) is divided between the municipalities of Iguape (86.43%), Itariri (3.62%), Miracatu (5.59%), Peruíbe (4.19%) and Pedro de Toledo (0.17%) in the state of São Paulo. It covers an area of . The ESEC covers part of the coastal plain and mountains between Ilha Comprida to the southwest and Peruíbe to the east. It is east of the SP-322 highway and south of the BR-116 - BR-101 highway. The Despraiado Sustainable Development Reserve extends into the northwest part of the ESEC. The Prelado State Park on the coast ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Horst (geology)
In physical geography and geology, a horst is a raised fault block bounded by Fault (geology), normal faults. Horsts are typically found together with Graben, grabens. While a horst lifted or remains stationary, the grabens on either side Subsidence, subside. This is often caused by Extensional tectonics, extensional forces pulling apart the crust. Horsts may represent features such as plateaus, mountains, or ridges on either side of a valley. Horsts can range in size from small fault-blocks, up to large regions of stable continent that have not been not folded or warped by tectonic forces. The word ''Horst'' in German language, German means "mass" or "heap," and was first used in the geological sense in 1883 by Eduard Suess in ''The Face of the Earth.''Originally published in 1883 in German as "Das Antlitz der Erde", translated and published in English in 1904 Geomorphology Horsts may have either symmetrical or asymmetrical cross-sections. If the normal faults to either side ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iguape
Iguape is a municipality located into the Ribeira Valley in the southern portion of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The population is 30,989 (2020 estimate) in an area of , making it the largest municipality area in São Paulo state. The city was officially founded on December 3, 1538, and its historic constructions are classified as national heritage by the IPHAN since 2009. Its name has tupi origins and its translation means "in the river cove", '''y'' (water/river), ''kûá'' (cove) and ''pe'' (in). History The extinct unclassified Jaguanan language was formerly spoken by indigenous peoples in Iguape. Because of its location, close to the limits established by the Tordesillas Treaty, the Iguape region was the stage for constant disputes among Portuguese, Spanish, and French pirates who landed there in order to refill their vessels or to trade in their goods. The foundation of Iguape is sometimes attributed to Rui Garcia de Mosquera, a Spanish navigator and colonizer who es ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inselberg
An inselberg or monadnock () is an isolated rock hill, knob, ridge, or small mountain that rises abruptly from a gently sloping or virtually level surrounding plain. In Southern Africa a similar formation of granite is known as a koppie, an Afrikaans word ("little head") from the Dutch diminutive word ''kopje''. If the inselberg is dome-shaped and formed from granite or gneiss, it can also be called a bornhardt, though not all bornhardts are inselbergs. An inselberg results when a body of rock resistant to erosion, such as granite, occurring within a body of softer rocks, is exposed by differential erosion and lowering of the surrounding landscape. Etymology Inselberg The word ''inselberg'' is a loan word from German, and means "island mountain". The term was coined in 1900 by geologist Wilhelm Bornhardt (1864–1946) to describe the abundance of such features found in eastern Africa. At that time, the term applied only to arid landscape features. However, it has sin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Una Do Prelado River
The Una do Prelado River ( pt, Una do Prelado River) is a river in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Course The Una do Prelado River is the largest in the Juréia-Itatins Ecological Station, a strictly protected area of well-preserved Atlantic Forest created in 1986. It rises in the Banhado Grande region to the south-west of the Serra da Juréia, and meanders in a north-east direction parallel to the Atlantic coast for through a low plain between the Serra dos Itatins and the Serra da Juréia. Its main tributary is the Cacunduva River. The final section in the east divides the Juréia-Itatins Ecological Station from the Itinguçu State Park, a conservation unit created in 2006. Near the sea the river separates into two branches which later recombine, enclosing the Ilha do Ameixal, which holds the Ilha do Ameixal Area of Relevant Ecological Interest. The Barra do Una lies at the river mouth, in the municipality of Peruíbe, the centre of the Barra do Una Sustainable Development ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blackwater River
A blackwater river is a type of river with a slow-moving channel flowing through forested swamps or wetlands. As vegetation decays, tannins leach into the water, making a transparent, acidic water that is darkly stained, resembling black tea. Most major blackwater rivers are in the Amazon Basin and the Southern United States. The term is used in fluvial studies, geology, geography, ecology, and biology. Not all dark rivers are blackwater in that technical sense. Some rivers in temperate regions, which drain or flow through areas of dark black loam, are simply black due to the color of the soil; these rivers are ''black mud rivers''. There are also black mud estuaries. Blackwater rivers are lower in nutrients than whitewater rivers and have ionic concentrations higher than rainwater. The unique conditions lead to flora and fauna that differ from both whitewater and clearwater rivers. The classification of Amazonian rivers into black, clear, and whitewater was fir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rio Verde (São Paulo)
The Rio Verde (Portuguese for "green river") is a river of São Paulo state in southeastern Brazil. Course The Rio Verde basin is in the Juréia-Itatins Ecological Station, in the municipality of Iguape, São Paulo. The river rises in the Juréia Massif, which descends steeply to the Atlantic Ocean to the south east. The Rio Verde has clear water fed by the waterfalls of Juréia. Conservation In the late 1970s the Department of the Environment planned to develop a "green" housing project on the banks of the Rio Verde. The project was cancelled in the 1980s when the Empresa Nuclebrás Brasileira decided to build the Iguape 4 and Iguape 5 power plants in a area that included the entire Serra da Juréia. By law, the area surrounding the nuclear power plant would have to be made an ecological station. The power plant project was abandoned but the Juréia-Itatins Ecological Station was created on 20 January 1986, covering the Juréia Massif and the entire watershed of the Una do Pre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ecological Station (Brazil)
An ecological station ( pt, Estação Ecológica) in Brazil is a type of protected area of Brazil as defined by the National System of Conservation Units (SNUC). The purpose is to preserve untouched representative samples of the different biomes in Brazil. Objectives and restrictions In the 1970s the Special Secretariat of the Environment under the environmentalist Paulo Nogueira Neto launched a program of ''estações ecológicas'' (ecological stations) with the aim of establishing a network of reserves that would protect representative samples of all Brazilian ecosystems. The objective of an ecological station is to preserve nature and conduct scientific research. It establishes the right of eminent domain, with the private areas included in its boundaries requiring expropriation Nationalization (nationalisation in British English) is the process of transforming privately-owned assets into public assets by bringing them under the public ownership of a national governmen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.jpg "Click for more on -> São Paulo (state)")
_male_Three_Brothers_River.JPG "Click for more on -> Atlantic Forest")
