Junín, Cundinamarca
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Junín, Cundinamarca
Junín is a municipality and town of Colombia in the Guavio Province, part of the department of Cundinamarca. The urban centre is situated at an altitude of in the east of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense. Junín borders Gachetá and Guatavita in the north, Gama and Gachalá in the east, Fómeque in the south, and La Calera and Guasca in the west. Etymology The former name Chipazaque of Junín refers to the shared terrain by the ''zipa'' and ''zaque'', the most important ''cacique A cacique, sometimes spelled as cazique (; ; feminine form: ), was a tribal chieftain of the Taíno people, who were the Indigenous inhabitants of the Bahamas, the Greater Antilles, and the northern Lesser Antilles at the time of European cont ...s'' of the Muisca Confederation. In Chibcha language, Muysccubun it means "our father the ''zaque''" or "union between ''zipa'' and ''zaque''". The name Junín was given by Tomas Cipriano de Mosquera in 1861, because the green valleys reminded him of the ...
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Municipalities Of Colombia
The municipalities of Colombia are decentralized subdivisions of the Colombia, Republic of Colombia. Municipalities make up most of the departments of Colombia, with 1,104 municipality, municipalities (''municipios''). Each one of them is led by a mayor (''alcalde'') elected by popular vote and represents the maximum executive government official at a municipality level under the mandate of the governor of their department which is a representative of all municipalities in the department; municipalities are grouped to form departments. The municipalities of Colombia are also grouped in an association called the ''Federación Colombiana de Municipios'' (Colombian Federation of Municipalities), which functions as a union under the private law and under the Colombian Constitution of 1991, constitutional Freedom of association, right to free association to defend their common interests. Categories Conforming to the law 1551/12 that modified the sixth article of the law 136/94 Art ...
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Zaque
When the Spanish arrived in the central Colombian highlands, the region was organized into the Muisca Confederation, which had two rulers; the ''Zipa'' was the ruler of the southern part and based in Muyquytá. The ''Zaque'' was the ruler of the northern area and based in Hunza, known today as Tunja. Organization ''Zipa (Psihipqua)'' and ''Zaque (Hoa)'' were the titles given to these rulers of the ancient confederation. Neither exercised absolute power, not rigid or strict control over those to whom they owed their power, so that they can be considered kings. However, these positions of power were of great honor and were surrounded by a rather elaborate ceremony. The position of the ''Zipa'' was such that not even the members of the nobility dared to look him in the face, and it is said if the ''Zipa'' needed to spit, someone would hold out a piece of rich cloth for him to spit on, because it would be sacrilegious for anything so precious as his saliva to touch the ground. Wh ...
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Municipalities Of Cundinamarca Department
A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality'' may also mean the governing body of a given municipality. A municipality is a general-purpose administrative subdivision, as opposed to a special-purpose district. The English word is derived from French , which in turn derives from the Latin , based on the word for social contract (), referring originally to the Latin communities that supplied Rome with troops in exchange for their own incorporation into the Roman state (granting Roman citizenship to the inhabitants) while permitting the communities to retain their own local governments (a limited autonomy). A municipality can be any political jurisdiction, from a sovereign state such as the Principality of Monaco, to a small village such as West Hampton Dunes, New York. The territory over which a munici ...
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List Of Conquistadors In Colombia
This is a list of conquistadors who were active in the conquest of terrains that presently belong to Colombia. The nationalities listed refer to the state the conquistador was born into. Granada and Castile are currently part of Spain, but were separate states at the time of birth of the early conquistadors. Important conquistadors and explorers were Alonso de Ojeda, who landed first at Colombian soil and founded the first settlement ''Santa Cruz'',Personajes de la Conquista a América
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Bacatá
Bacatá (Chibcha: or ) is the name given to the main settlement of the Muisca Confederation on the Bogotá savanna. It mostly refers to an area, rather than an individual village, although the name is also found in texts referring to the modern settlement of Funza, in the centre of the savanna. Bacatá was the main seat of the ''zipa'', the ruler of the Bogotá savanna and adjacent areas. The name of the Colombian capital, Bogotá, is derived from Bacatá, but founded as Santafe de Bogotá in the western foothills of the Eastern Hills in a different location than the original settlement Bacatá, west of the Bogotá River, eventually named after Bacatá as well. The word is a combination of the Chibcha words , and , and means "(enclosure) outside the farmfields", referring to the rich agricultural lands of the Sabana Formation on the Bogotá savanna. Bacatá was submitted to the Spanish Empire by the conquistadors led by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada on April 20, 1537. Santafe d ...
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Spanish Conquest Of The Muisca
The Spanish conquest of the Muisca took place from 1537 to 1540. The Muisca people, Muisca were the inhabitants of the central Andes, Andean highlands of Colombia before the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors. They were organised in a loose Muisca Confederation, confederation of different Muisca rulers, rulers; the ''zipa, psihipqua'' of Bacatá, Muyquytá, with his headquarters in Funza, the ''zaque, hoa'' of Tunja, Hunza, the ''iraca'' of the sacred City of the Sun Sogamoso, Sugamuxi, the Tundama of Duitama, Tundama, and several other independent ''caciques''. The most important rulers at the time of the conquest were ''psihipqua'' Tisquesusa, ''hoa'' Quemuenchatocha, Eucaneme, ''iraca'' Sugamuxi and Tundama in the northernmost portion of their territories. The Muisca were organised in small communities of circular enclosures (''ca'' in their language Chibcha language, Muysccubbun; literally "language of the people"), with a central square where the ''Muisca architecture, boh ...
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Battle Of Junín
The Battle of Junín was a large cavalry engagement of the Peruvian War of Independence, fought in the highlands of the Junín Region on 6 August 1824. The preceding February the royalists had regained control of Lima, and having regrouped in Trujillo, Simón Bolívar in June led his rebel forces south to confront the Spanish under Field Marshal José de Canterac. The two armies met on the Plain of Junín in the , northwest of the Jauja Valley. Battle Bolivar sent some 8,000 soldiers, in a hurry to try to cut the royalist retreat towards Cusco, also with a force 8,000 soldiers. Bolivar also sent out his 1,000-strong cavalry to delay the movement of Spanish troops out of the Plain of Junín. The Spanish sent out their cavalry of some 1,300 riders to disrupt the incoming patriot cavalry to give Canterac time to withdraw his infantry from the plain. The plain is a marshland close to Junín Lake at around 4,100 meters over sea level. The patriot troops were trying to arrange f ...
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Pampa De Junín
The Pampas (; from Quechua 'plain'), also known as the Pampas Plain, are fertile South American low grasslands that cover more than and include the Argentine provinces of Buenos Aires, La Pampa, Santa Fe, Entre Ríos, and Córdoba; all of Uruguay; and Brazil's southernmost state, Rio Grande do Sul. The vast plains are a natural region, interrupted only by the low Ventana and Tandil hills, near Bahía Blanca and Tandil (Argentina), with a height of and , respectively. This ecoregion has been changed by humans, especially since the release of animals like cattle, pigs, and especially sheep onto these plains. The climate is temperate, with precipitation of that is more or less evenly distributed throughout the year, making the soils appropriate for agriculture. The area is also one of the distinct physiography provinces of the larger Paraná–Paraguay plain division. It is considered that the limit of the Pampas plain is to the north with the Atlantic Forest and the Great ...
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