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Judiciary Of Indonesia
The Judiciary of Indonesia constitutionally consists of the Supreme Court of Indonesia (''Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia,'' abbreviated into MA), the Constitutional Court of Indonesia (''Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia'', abbreviated into MK), and the lesser court system under the Supreme Court. These lesser courts are categorically subdivided into the public courts (''Peradilan Umum''), religious courts (''Peradilan Agama''), state administrative courts (''Peradilan Tata Usaha Negara''), and military courts (''Peradilan Militer''). The Public Prosecution Service (''Kejaksaan Republik Indonesia''), headed by the Attorney General, is not part of the judiciary; they are part of the executive branch of the government, with the state prosecutors themselves as civil servants, and the Attorney General themselves only answers to the President of Indonesia. Law Indonesian law is a continuation and improvement of the Dutch colonial laws, Islamic family laws, and asp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jury Trial
A jury trial, or trial by jury, is a legal proceeding in which a jury makes a decision or findings of fact. It is distinguished from a bench trial in which a judge or panel of judges makes all decisions. Jury trials are used in a significant share of serious criminal cases in many but not all common law judicial systems. The majority of common law jurisdictions in Asia (such as Singapore, India, Pakistan and Malaysia) have abolished jury trials on the grounds that juries are susceptible to bias. Juries or lay judges have also been incorporated into the legal systems of many civil law countries for criminal cases. Only the United States makes routine use of jury trials in a wide variety of non-criminal cases. Other common law legal jurisdictions use jury trials only in a very select class of cases that make up a tiny share of the overall civil docket (like malicious prosecution and false imprisonment suits in England and Wales), but true civil jury trials are almost entirely ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cities Of Indonesia
In Indonesian law, the term "city" () is generally defined as the second-level administrative subdivision of the Republic of Indonesia, an equivalent to regency (). The difference between a city and a regency is that a city has non- agricultural economic activities and a dense urban population, while a regency comprises predominantly rural areas and is larger in area than a city. However, Indonesia historically had several classifications of cities. According to ''Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia'', the official dictionary of Indonesian language, city (''kota'') is "a densely populated area with high density and modern facilities and most of the population works outside of agriculture." Cities are divided into districts (''Kecamatan'', ''Distrik'' in Papua region, or ''Kemantren'' in Yogyakarta). Historical classification /municipality During the Dutch East Indies period, a city was governed as , or municipality, since the decentralisation law in 1903. The was a third-le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anwar Usman
Anwar Usman (born 31 December 1956) is an Indonesian judge and jurist, who is currently serving as the sixth Chief Justice of the Constitutional Court of Indonesia. He was elected to the position on 2 April 2018, replacing Arief Hidayat. He previously served as the fifth Deputy Chief Justice of the Constitutional Court of Indonesia. Usman served on the Constitutional Court for four years prior to his confirmation as Deputy Chief Justice. Before replacing Arsyad Sanusi as a sitting justice on the court in April 2011, Usman was a high court judge in Jakarta as well as the manager of human resources at the Supreme Court of Indonesia. Early life, family, and education Early life and family Anwar Usman was born on 31 December 1956. His father was named Usman A. Rahim, while his mother was named Ramlah. He grew up in his home village of Rasabou, Bima, West Nusa Tenggara. He admitted that he used to live independently. Education He attended elementary school in SDN 03 Sila, Bi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chief Justice Of The Constitutional Court Of Indonesia
The chief justice of the Constitutional Court of Indonesia ( id, Ketua Mahkamah Konstitusi) is the head of the Constitutional Court of Indonesia. List of chief justices First chief justice. The first chief justice was Jimly Asshiddiqie. He was well known as law professor of the University of Indonesia, and actively involved in the process of Indonesian constitutional reform and the political transformation to democracy. During the crisis in the transitional era under the presidency of Habibie (1998–1999), he chaired the Reformation Committee for law reform. As scholar, he often makes media appearances and offers comments on a range of public policy issues, until he was elected Chief Justice of the Court. As a scholar he has published more than 40 books on various legal and constitutional issues and some textbooks used in the universities all over Indonesia. Second chief justice. The second chief justice, Mahfud MD, first elected in 2008, was re-elected in mid-2011 for a secon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Impeachment
Impeachment is the process by which a legislative body or other legally constituted tribunal initiates charges against a public official for misconduct. It may be understood as a unique process involving both political and legal elements. In Europe and Latin America, impeachment tends to be confined to ministerial officials as the unique nature of their positions may place ministers beyond the reach of the law to prosecute, or their misconduct is not codified into law as an offense except through the unique expectations of their high office. Both " peers and commoners" have been subject to the process, however. From 1990 to 2020, there have been at least 272 impeachment charges against 132 different heads of state in 63 countries. Most democracies (with the notable exception of the United States) involve the courts (often a national constitutional court) in some way. In Latin America, which includes almost 40% of the world's presidential systems, ten presidents from six ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitutional Review
Constitutional review, or constitutionality review or constitutional control, is the evaluation, in some countries, of the constitutionality of the laws. It is supposed to be a system of preventing violation of the rights granted by the constitution, assuring its efficacy, their stability and preservation. There are very specific cases in which the constitutional review differs from common law to civil law as well as judicial review in general. Written and rigid constitutions exist in most countries, represent the supreme norm of the juridical order, and are on the top of the pyramid of norms. Also called ''fundamental law'', ''supreme law'', ''law of the laws'', ''basic law'', they have more difficult and formal procedures to updating them than other laws, which are ''sub-constitutional''. The term "constitutional review" is usually characterized as a Civil Law concept, but some of the ideas behind it come from Common Law countries with written constitutions. For instance, the U ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhammad Syarifuddin
Muhammad Syarifuddin (born 17 October 1954) is an Indonesian jurist who serves as the 14th and current Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Indonesia since 30 April 2020. He also serves as the Deputy Chief Justice of the Supreme Court Indonesia for judicial affairs, and previously served as the Supreme Court A supreme court is the highest court within the hierarchy of courts in most legal jurisdictions. Other descriptions for such courts include court of last resort, apex court, and high (or final) court of appeal. Broadly speaking, the decisions of ...'s head of supervision. Jakarta Globe. Accessed 16 August 2016. References ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chief Justice Of The Supreme Court Of Indonesia
The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Indonesia ( id, Ketua Mahkamah Agung) is the head of the Supreme Court of Indonesia. Election process The chief justice and his or her deputy is elected by the Supreme Court justices from among the members of the court. Sometimes the process is controversial and attracts public criticism. For example, in early 2012 rumours about vote buying were reported in the Jakarta press as speculation mounted about the arrangements underway for the selection of new chief justice to replace Harifin Tumpa Harifin Tumpa was the twelfth Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Indonesia as well as the first Deputy Chief Justice of the Supreme Court Indonesia for non-judicial affairs. Tumpa's retirement led to a measure of controversy surrounding the ..., who retired as chief justice in March 2012. It was said to be "all-out competition" for the post of chief justice because of the influence that the position holds and it was rumoured that the competitio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pardon
A pardon is a government decision to allow a person to be relieved of some or all of the legal consequences resulting from a criminal conviction. A pardon may be granted before or after conviction for the crime, depending on the laws of the jurisdiction. Pardons can be granted in many countries when individuals are deemed to have demonstrated that they have "paid their debt to society", or are otherwise considered to be deserving of them. In some jurisdictions of some nations, accepting a pardon may ''implicitly'' constitute an admission of guilt; the offer is refused in some cases. Cases of wrongful conviction are in recent times more often dealt with by appeal rather than by pardon; however, a pardon is sometimes offered when innocence is undisputed in order to avoid the costs that are associated with a retrial. Clemency plays a critical role when capital punishment exists in a jurisdiction. Pardons are sometimes seen as a mechanism for combating corruption, allowing a par ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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