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Judeopolonia
Judeopolonia, also Judeo-Polonia, is an antisemitic conspiracy theory positing future Jewish domination of Poland.Michlic, Joanna Beata (2006). ''Poland's Threatening Other: The Image of the Jew from 1880 to the Present'', pp. 48, 55–56. University of Nebraska Press. .Blobaum, Robert (2005). ''Anti-Semitism and Its Opponents in Modern Poland'', p. 61. Cornell University Press. . The idea had its roots in an 1858 book by Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz, but did not gain currency in anti-semitic tracts until around 1900. In 1912, author Teodor Jeske-Choiński had Jews in his book rhetorically say: "If you do not allow us to establish a 'Judeo-Polonia state' and a nation of 'Judeo-Polish people,' we will strangle you." This myth has been revived every so often in connection with the Bodenheimer plan (League of East European States), most notably by Andrzej Leszek Szcześniak in his books ''Judeopolonia'' (2001) and ''Judeopolonia II'' (2002). writes that Szcześniak presents Jews as info ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andrzej Leszek Szcześniak
Andrzej Leszek Szcześniak (November 29, 1932 – March 15, 2003) was a controversial Polish doctor of historical sciences, author of over thirty historical books and school textbooks. While he was praised for his research of the Katyn massacre, he was also accused of anti-Semitism. Research in Katyń massacre Szcześniak was among the first who raised the issue of the Katyń massacre in the mid-1980s and published several books on the subject. In 2004, the , whose statute goal is the commemoration of the victims of the massacre, awarded him posthumously the "Golgotha of the East - Katyń 1940" Medal (Medal Golgoty Wschodu – Katyń 1940). Accusations of anti-Semitism Szcześniak is known for reviving the conspiracy theory of Judeopolonia, authoring two volumes under this title, which present Jews as "informers and spies for the tsar, tightfisted hyenas and arrogant sassy people who oppress the Polish people." . Polish journalist Anna Bikont writes that during the Commu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
League Of East European States
The League of East European States or Federation of East European States (german: osteuropäischer Staatenbund) was a 1914 proposal by the German Committee for Freeing of Russian Jews for a German-dominated consociational buffer state to be established in the Russian Partition of the multi-ethnic territory of the former Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Bodenheimer plan The idea was conceived by prominent Zionist Max Bodenheimer, in the context of World War I and longstanding German Mitteleuropa ambitions, utilizing the concept of national personal autonomy or national curiae, which would allow Jewish representation in the government alongside other groups despite their Pale of Settlement dispersion.Bodenheimer, Henriette Hannah ''Max Bodenheimer 1865-1940 : political genius for Zionism'' Pentland Press, (1990) p73 Bodenheimer was a founder of the German Committee for Freeing of Russian Jews. The Committee drew up a plan to establish a buffer state between Germany and Russia, creat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Żydokomuna
' (, Polish for "Judeo-Communism") is an anti-communist and antisemitic canard, or a pejorative stereotype, suggesting that most Jews collaborated with the Soviet Union in importing communism into Poland, or that there was an exclusively Jewish conspiracy to do so. A Polish language term for "Jewish Bolshevism", or more literally "Jewish communism", ''Żydokomuna'' is related to the "Jewish world conspiracy" myth.Gerrits, André (1995). "Antisemitism and Anti-Communism: The Myth of 'Judeo-Communism' in Eastern Europe". ''East European Jewish Affairs''. 25(1), 71 (49–72). The idea originated as anti-communist propaganda at the time of the Polish–Soviet War (1919–1920), and continued through the interwar period. It was based on longstanding antisemitic attitudes, coupled with a historical fear of Russia. Most of Poland's Jews supported Józef Piłsudski's controlled government; after his death in 1935, rising levels of popular and state antisemitism pushed a small minority ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz
Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz ( , ; 6 February 1758 – 21 May 1841) was a Polish poet, playwright and statesman. He was a leading advocate for the Constitution of 3 May 1791. Early life Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz was born 6 February 1758 in Skoki, near Brest in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Niemcewicz, scion of a moderately well-to-do Polish noble family, graduated from the Warsaw Corps of Cadets (Warsaw), Corps of Cadets. Career After graduating from the Corps of Cadets, he subsequently served as aide to Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski and visited France, England and Italy. Niemcewicz served as a deputy to the Great Sejm of 1788–1792 and was an active member of the Patriotic Party that pushed through adoption of the historic Constitution of 3 May 1791 The Constitution of 3 May 1791,; lt, Gegužės trečiosios konstitucija titled the Governance Act, was a constitution adopted by the Great Sejm ("Four-Year Sejm", meeting in 1788–1792) for the Polish–Lithuanian Commo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andinia Plan
The Andinia Plan ( es, Plan Andinia) is a conspiracy theory that alleged plans to establish a Jewish state in parts of Argentina and Chile. It is partly based on an exaggeration of historical proposals for organized Jewish migration to Argentina in the late 19th and the early 20th century (which, however, did not include plans for a Jewish state there). The name and contents of the plan have wide currency on some circles of the Argentinian and Chilean right-wing, but no evidence of its actual existence has ever been brought up, making it, according to the US-based Anti-Defamation League and the Israeli research institute Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, an example of a conspiracy theory. This alleged plan has been used in Argentina as a rhetorical device by far right circles to attack Jews and Jewish institutions. In 1971 a leaflet appeared among officers in the Argentinean army under the name "Plan Andinia," which accused international Jewry and Zionists of planning to take o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antisemitic
Antisemitism (also spelled anti-semitism or anti-Semitism) is hostility to, prejudice towards, or discrimination against Jews. A person who holds such positions is called an antisemite. Antisemitism is considered to be a form of racism. Antisemitism has historically been manifested in many ways, ranging from expressions of hatred of or discrimination against individual Jews to organized pogroms by mobs, police forces, or genocide. Although the term did not come into common usage until the 19th century, it is also applied to previous and later anti-Jewish incidents. Notable instances of persecution include the Rhineland massacres preceding the First Crusade in 1096, the Edict of Expulsion from England in 1290, the 1348–1351 persecution of Jews during the Black Death, the massacres of Spanish Jews in 1391, the persecutions of the Spanish Inquisition, the expulsion from Spain in 1492, the Cossack massacres in Ukraine from 1648 to 1657, various anti-Jewish pogroms in the Rus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conspiracy Theory
A conspiracy theory is an explanation for an event or situation that invokes a conspiracy by sinister and powerful groups, often political in motivation, when other explanations are more probable.Additional sources: * * * * The term has a negative connotation, implying that the appeal to a conspiracy is based on prejudice or insufficient evidence. A conspiracy theory is not the same as a conspiracy; instead, it refers to a hypothesized conspiracy with specific characteristics, such as an opposition to the mainstream consensus among those people (such as scientists or historians) who are qualified to evaluate its accuracy. Conspiracy theories resist falsification and are reinforced by circular reasoning: both evidence against the conspiracy and an absence of evidence for it are re-interpreted as evidence of its truth, whereby the conspiracy becomes a matter of faith rather than something that can be proven or disproven. Studies have linked belief in conspiracy theories to dis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teodor Jeske-Choiński
Teodor Jeske-Choiński (27 February 1854 – 14 April 1920) was a Polish intellectual, writer and historian, literature critic. He was a friend as well as an opponent of Henryk Sienkiewicz. Sienkiewicz' novels were focused rather on Polish history, whereas Jeske-Choińskis were looking at broader, European context. In 1900 he published '' Tiara i korona'', a novel about the dispute between the Emperor Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII. Michlic named him "one of the leading theorists and exponents of Anti-Semitism Antisemitism (also spelled anti-semitism or anti-Semitism) is hostility to, prejudice towards, or discrimination against Jews. A person who holds such positions is called an antisemite. Antisemitism is considered to be a form of racism. Antis ... in Poland".Joanna Beata Michlic, Poland's Threatening Other: The Image of the Jew from 1880 to the Present, University of Nebraska Press 2006, str. 54-56 In 1951, the communist censorship put complete ban on all his books, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Committee For Freeing Of Russian Jews
The German Committee for the Freeing of Russian Jews (German, 'Deutsches Komitee zur Befreiung der russischen Juden') was created in August 1914 by Max Bodenheimer with Franz Oppenheimer, Adolf Friedman and Leo Motzkin to lobby for the socio-political liberation of Jewish people living in the Russian Empire and ensure their protection from pogroms. In November 1914 it was renamed the Committee for the East. The Committee was initially supported by the German Empire but as no Jewish insurrection arose against the Russians the Germans soon lost interestMcMeekin, Sean ''The Berlin-Baghdad Express: The Ottoman Empire and Germany's Bid for World Power'' (2010) p346 References Further reading Deutsch-jüdische Geschichte in der Neuzeitby Michael A. Meyer, Steven M Lowenstein, Michael Brenner, Mordechai Breuer, Leo Baeck Institute Dokumente zur Geschichte des deutschen Zionismus 1882-1933by Jehuda Reinharz Jehuda Reinharz (born August 1, 1944) served as President of Brandeis Unive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radom
Radom is a city in east-central Poland, located approximately south of the capital, Warsaw. It is situated on the Mleczna River in the Masovian Voivodeship (since 1999), having previously been the seat of a separate Radom Voivodeship (1975–1998). Radom is the fourteenth-largest city in Poland and the second-largest in its province with a population of 206,946 as of 2021. For centuries, Radom was part of the Sandomierz Province of the Kingdom of Poland and the later Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Despite being part of the Masovian Voivodeship, the city historically belongs to Lesser Poland. It was a significant center of administration, having served as seat of the Crown Council which ratified the Pact of Vilnius and Radom between Lithuania and Poland in 1401. The Nihil novi and Łaski's Statute were adopted by the Sejm at Radom's Royal Castle in 1505. In 1976, it was a center of the June 1976 protests. The city is home to the biennial Radom Air Show, the largest air sho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antisemitism In Poland
Racism in Poland in the 20th and 21st centuries has been the subject of significant inquiry. While Ethnic minorities in Poland, ethnic minorities made up a more significant proportion of the country's population from the founding of the History of Poland, Polish state through the Second Polish Republic, 21st century government statistics have shown 94% or more of the population self-reports as ethnically Polish.Główny Urząd StatystycznyWyniki Narodowego Spisu Powszechnego Ludności i Mieszkań 2011, Warszawa 2012, pp. 105-106 nationalities tables 1 or 2 Starting with the 16th century, many Jews lived in Poland, so much that it was called the History of the Jews in Poland#Center of the Jewish world: 1505–72, center of the Jewish world. Occasional pogroms, such as in Krakow in 1494 and Warsaw in 1527, p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antisemitic Canards
Antisemitic tropes, canards, or myths are " sensational reports, misrepresentations, or fabrications" that are defamatory towards Judaism as a religion or defamatory towards Jews as an ethnic or religious group. Since the Middle Ages, such reports have been a recurring motif of broader antisemitic conspiracy theories. Some antisemitic tropes or false accusations date back to the birth of Christianity, such as the allegation that the Jews are collectively responsible for the crucifixion of Jesus. In Medieval Europe, the scope of antisemitic tropes expanded and became the basis for regular persecutions and formal expulsions of Jews in England, France, Germany, Spain and Portugal. During these times, it was widely believed that Jews caused epidemics like the Black Death by poisoning wells. Jews were also accused of ritually consuming the blood of Christians. Starting in the 19th century, the notion first emerged that Jews were plotting to establish control over the world and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
