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Joseph A. Palaia
Joseph A. "Joe" Palaia Sr. (February 3, 1927 – August 20, 2016) was an American politician. He served in the New Jersey General Assembly from 1981 to 1989 and in the State Senate from 1989 to 2008, representing the 11th Legislative District. Early life Palaia was born and raised in Neptune, New Jersey and was a graduate of Neptune High School. He attended New Jersey's Rider College where he received a B.S. degree in Business Administration in 1949. He then went to study at Rutgers University and was awarded an M.Ed. in Administration and Supervision. Before entering politics, Palaia was an educator, and principal of the Wanamassa Elementary School in Ocean Township ( Monmouth County) where he resided.75th Anniversary of Wanamassa School
, ''The Coaster'', September 29, 2005. Accessed July 8, 2007.


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Neptune Township, New Jersey
Neptune Township is a township in Monmouth County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 U.S. census, the township's population was 28,061, an increase of 126 from the 2010 census enumeration of 27,935, in turn an increase of 245 (+0.9%) from the 27,690 counted in the 2000 census. Neptune was incorporated as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 26, 1879, from portions of Ocean Township. Portions of the township were taken to form Neptune City (October 4, 1881), Bradley Beach (March 13, 1893) and Ocean Grove (April 5, 1920, until the action was found unconstitutional and restored to Neptune Township as of June 16, 1921).Snyder, John P''The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606-1968'' Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 120. Accessed October 23, 2012. The township was named for Neptune, the Roman water deity, and its location on the Atlantic Ocean. Geography and climate According to the U.S. Census Bu ...
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Deal Test Site
The Deal Test Site (now Joe Palaia Park) is located in Ocean Township, New Jersey. The Joe Palaia Park was originally started as the Foxburst Farm, a tract which is now the southern portion of the park. It was purchased by Western Electric, (part of AT&T and later Lucent), in 1919. The site was later expanded with an additional purchased by AT&T in 1927. The site is bounded by three major township roads, Deal Road, Whalepond Road, and Dow Avenue. Several homes on Whalepond Road, north of Freehold Street, and Dow Avenue, from the corner of Whalepond Road to the Ocean Township School, abut the property. After World War I, AT&T used the site to conduct ship-to-shore wireless experiments off the Jersey Shore. Five large radio towers were eventually erected and used to broadcast speech and music for a range of . In 1921, a two-story white building was built, which was used as a laboratory and dormitories for engineers. Research continued through the 1930s in conjunction with Bell T ...
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New Jersey Childproof Handgun Law
The New Jersey Childproof Handgun Law, also known as P.L.2002, c.130, was a now-repealed law that would restrict the sale of handguns in New Jersey to smart guns that "can only be fired by an authorized or recognized user" and would take effect three years after the technology is available for retail purposes. It has been a controversial issue for the National Rifle Association and many gun owners because of its restrictions and the unusual move that "legislates a product that does not exist". On July 16, 2019 Gov. Murphy signed into law a bill which repealed substantially all of the original Childproof Handgun Law and replaced it with a requirement that after the state Attorney General approves a production model each firearms retailer in the state would be required to carry and display at least one smart gun on their shelves with "a sign... disclosing the features of personalized handguns that are not offered by traditional handguns". History The bill was introduced in the New ...
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President Pro Tempore
A president pro tempore or speaker pro tempore is a constitutionally recognized officer of a legislative body who presides over the chamber in the absence of the normal presiding officer. The phrase ''pro tempore'' is Latin "for the time being". In Argentina, a similar role is carried by the Provisional President of the Argentine Senate in the absence of the Vice President of Argentina. By the 1994 amendment to the 1853 Constitution, the Vice President is designated as the Senate President. See also *President pro tempore of the United States Senate * President pro tempore of the California State Senate * President pro tempore of the Kentucky Senate * President pro tempore of the North Carolina Senate * President pro tempore of the North Dakota Senate *President pro tempore of the Oklahoma Senate * President pro tempore of the Pennsylvania Senate *President pro tempore of the Senate of Virginia *President pro tempore of the Senate of the Philippines *President pro tempore of th ...
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Majority Leader
In U.S. politics (as well as in some other countries utilizing the presidential system), the majority floor leader is a partisan position in a legislative body.USLegal.com
(accessed April 11, 2013)


United States

In the federal , the roles of the Majority Leader and the

Observer
An observer is one who engages in observation or in watching an experiment. Observer may also refer to: Computer science and information theory * In information theory, any system which receives information from an object * State observer in control theory, a system that models a real system in order to provide an estimate of its internal state * Observer pattern, a design pattern used in computer programming Fiction * ''Observer'' (video game), a cyberpunk horror video game * Observer (''Mystery Science Theater 3000''), a fictional television character * Observers, beings in the television show ''Fringe'' Military * Air observer, an aircrew member * Artillery observer, a front line personnel who directs fire discipline for artillery strikes * Royal Observer Corps, a civil defence organisation, originally tasked with reporting enemy aircraft * Observer, a non-participating officer, or umpire, tasked with observing the actions of soldiers during a field training or military ex ...
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Politicker NJ
The Politicker Network, or Politicker.com, was a national network of fifty state-based political websites operated by the '' New York Observer''. Origins The network had its origins in journalist Ben Smith's '' New York Observer'' blog, "''The Politicker,''" which focused on New York state politics. Launched in 2005, the original blog became "the most widely read" blog among political circles. It was called the "Best Local Politics Blog" by ''The Village Voice'', who noted the lively comment section. In 2005, failed candidate for the Democratic nomination for Mayor of New York City, Christopher X. Brodeur, was arrested for leaving death threats on Smith's ''New York Observer'' voice mail, in retaliation for unflattering coverage in the Politicker blog. Growth and decline James Pindell, formerly of ''The Boston Globe,'' was hired as National Managing Editor in January 2008. In December 2008, the network was reduced from 17 to 6 sites, with a focus on the northeast region. By Janu ...
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Democratic Party (United States)
The Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States. Founded in 1828, it was predominantly built by Martin Van Buren, who assembled a wide cadre of politicians in every state behind war hero Andrew Jackson, making it the world's oldest active political party.M. Philip Lucas, "Martin Van Buren as Party Leader and at Andrew Jackson's Right Hand." in ''A Companion to the Antebellum Presidents 1837–1861'' (2014): 107–129."The Democratic Party, founded in 1828, is the world's oldest political party" states Its main political rival has been the Republican Party since the 1850s. The party is a big tent, and though it is often described as liberal, it is less ideologically uniform than the Republican Party (with major individuals within it frequently holding widely different political views) due to the broader list of unique voting blocs that compose it. The historical predecessor of the Democratic Party is considered to be th ...
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High School Proficiency Assessment
The High School Proficiency Assessment (HSPA, pronounced "hess-pah" (/ˈhɛspə/) or sometimes just "H-S-P-A") was a standardized test that was administered by the New Jersey Department of Education to all New Jersey public high school students in March of their junior year until 2014-2015 when it was replaced by the PARCC. Together with the New Jersey Assessment of Skills and Knowledge (NJ ASK), which was administered in grades 3-8, the HSPA was part of a battery of tests used to assess student performance in New Jersey's public schools. Assessment The HSPA was administered over a course of three days simultaneously in all public high schools throughout the state of New Jersey. The exam tests students' proficiency in a variety of academic subjects including mathematics and language arts literacy. Beginning on September 1, 2001, state law in New Jersey required that all students pass the HSPA for high school A secondary school describes an institution that provides secondary ...
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Eleventh Grade
Eleventh grade, 11th grade, junior year, or grade 11 (called Year 12 in Wales and England and fifth form in Jamaica Jamaica (; ) is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea. Spanning in area, it is the third-largest island of the Greater Antilles and the Caribbean (after Cuba and Hispaniola). Jamaica lies about south of Cuba, and west of His ...) is the eleventh, and for some countries final, educational stage, grade of secondary schools. Students are typically 16–17 years of age, depending on the country and the students' birthdays. Australia In Australia, Year 11 is the twelfth year of education and fifth year of high school education. Although there are slight variations between the states, most students in Year 11 are aged around fifteen, sixteen or seventeen. In Queensland, Year 11 students are the youngest in the country, as they usually enter at age fifteen. In New South Wales, Year 11 is the shortest year as it only lasts three whole terms. Year 12 ...
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School District
A school district is a special-purpose district that operates local public primary and secondary schools in various nations. North America United States In the U.S, most K–12 public schools function as units of local school districts, which usually operate several schools, and the largest urban and suburban districts operate hundreds of schools. While practice varies significantly by state (and in some cases, within a state), most American school districts operate as independent local governmental units under a grant of authority and within geographic limits created by state law. The executive and legislative power over locally controlled policies and operations of an independent school district are, in most cases, held by a school district's board of education. Depending on state law, members of a local board of education (often referred to informally as a school board) may be elected, appointed by a political office holder, serve ex officio, or a combination of any of ...
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Minority Whip
The positions of majority leader and minority leader are held by two United States senators and members of the party leadership of the United States Senate. They serve as the chief spokespersons for their respective political parties holding the majority and the minority in the United States Senate. They are each elected as majority leader and minority leader by the senators of their party caucuses: the Senate Democratic Caucus and the Senate Republican Conference. By Senate precedent, the presiding officer gives the majority leader priority in obtaining recognition to speak on the floor of the Senate. The majority leader serves as the chief representative of their party in the Senate, and is considered the most powerful member of the Senate. They also serve as the chief representative of their party in the entire Congress if the House of Representatives, and thus the office of the speaker of the House, is controlled by the opposition party. The Senate's executive and legislat ...
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