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Josefsdorf
Josefsdorf (Central Bavarian: ''Josefsduaf'') was an independent municipality until 1892 and is today a part of Döbling, the 19th district of Vienna. It is also one of the 89 Katastralgemeinden. Geography Josefsdorf lies on one side of the Kahlenberg, on ground that slopes steeply towards Vienna. Covering an area of just 64.99 hectares, the Katastralgemeinde Josefsdorf is the smallest of the districts in Döbling. In statistical analyses conducted by the Austrian government, Josefsdorf is counted in the area Nußdorf-Kahlenbergerdorf. History The Camaldolese laid the foundation for Josefsdorf in 1628. Ferdinand II had invited the Camaldolese into the land following Polish marshal Nikolaus Wolsky’s supplication. The settlement consisted ''de facto'' of nothing but a monastery and was named Schweinsberg, after the mountain on which it was built. Schweinsberg is the original designation for the Kahlenberg. The Camaldolese settlement resembled a small village; two rows ea ...
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Döbling
Döbling () is the 19th District A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions o ... in the city of Vienna, Austria (german: 19. Bezirk, Döbling, Doebling). It is located on the north end from the central districts, north of the districts Alsergrund and Währing. Döbling has some heavily populated urban areas with many residential buildings, and borders the Vienna Woods. Statistik Austria, 2008, website: (in German: population is "Einwohner"). Wien.gv.at webpage (see below: References). It hosts some of the most expensive residential areas such as Grinzing, Sievering, Neustift am Walde and Kaasgraben and is also the site of many ''Heurigen'' restaurants. There are also some large ''Gemeindebauten'', including Vienna's most famous, the Karl-Marx-Hof. Also located in Döbling is ...
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Grinzing
Grinzing () was an independent municipality until 1892 and is today a part of Döbling, the 19th district of Vienna. Wien.gv.at webpage (see below: References). Geography Location Grinzing lies in the northwest of Vienna and, with an area of 613.52 hectares, is the largest suburb in the district of Döbling. To the northeast, it borders on Josefsdorf; the border continues along the Wildgrube and the Schreiberbach stream towards the east, where it branches along the Springsiedelgasse and the Neugebauerweg to the south. The border then runs along the Hungerbergstraße to mark the boundary to Unterdöbling, before following the course of the Kaasgraben, which divides Grinzing from Sievering in the east. Finally, the border turns northwestward and continues via the Himmelstraße and the Spießweg to the edge of the city of Vienna, which separates Grinzing from Weidling, Klosterneuburg, Weidling. Topography Grinzing is characterised by numerous forested ridges of the Vienna ...
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Kahlenbergerdorf
Kahlenbergerdorf (Central Bavarian: ''Koinbeagaduaf'') was an independent municipality until 1892 and is today a part of Döbling, the 19th district of Vienna. It is also one of the 89 Katastralgemeinden. Geography Location Kahlenbergerdorf lies in the north of Vienna on the right-hand bank of the Danube river in a valley between the Nußberg and Leopoldsberg hills. In the north, Kahlenbergerdorf borders Weidling, and in the east Jedlesee. To the south lies Nußdorf, to the west, Josefsdorf. The parish cemetery lies amongst the vineyards above the centre of Kahlenbergerdorf, which covers a total area of 226,01 hectares. In statistical analyses, Kahlenbergerdorf is counted in the region Nußdorf-Kahlenbergerdorf. Topography Kahlenbergerdorf includes many forested ridges of the Wienerwald (Vienna Woods). History The origin of the name Kahlenbergerdorf The village has been known as Kahlenbergerdörfl for hundreds of years. It is first mentioned in an official document ...
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Heiligenstadt, Vienna
Heiligenstadt (in German: ''Wien Heiligenstadt''; Central Bavarian: ''Heiligenstod'') was an independent municipality until 1892 and is today a part of Döbling, the 19th district of Vienna. Wien.gv.at webpage (see below: References). Heiligenstadt is one of the 10 municipalities in the Döbling District. Geography Heiligenstadt lies on flat land abutting the Danube canal and forms a thin strip that stretches to the north-west as far as Leopoldsberg. The municipality covers an area of 219.46 hectares, bordering in the north on Nußdorf and Josefsdorf, in the west on Grinzing, and in the south on Unterdöbling and Oberdöbling. The Probusgasse was once the main street of the village of Heiligenstadt and today marks the centre of the municipality. History The origin of the name Heiligenstadt The name Heiligenstadt (Holy city) suggests that there was already a holy site in this area before the arrival of Christianity. The first record of a settlement dates to 1120 and ref ...
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Unterdöbling
Unterdöbling (Central Bavarian: ''Untadöbling'') was an independent municipality until 1892 and is today a part of Döbling, the 19th district of Vienna. It is also one of the 89 Katastralgemeinden. Geography The Katastralgemeinde Unterdöbling lies in Döbling, the 19th district of Vienna, to the north of Oberdöbling. The border between Unterdöbling and Oberdöbling is largely determined by the Krottenbach, a stream which today serves as a canal. The medieval town centre lay in a dip by the stream, where nowadays the Rudolfinergasse and the Nußwaldgasse (which used to be called the Herrengasse) lie. In more recent times, settlement took place on the plateau that rises slowly to the west and to the north towards the Kahlenberg. Unterdöbling’s southern border runs alongside Oberdöbling, in the west it borders on Untersievering and in the north on Grinzing as well as on parts of Heiligenstadt. The eastern border is marked by a road leading from Oberdöbling via the Ho ...
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Oberdöbling
Oberdöbling (Central Bavarian: ''Obadöbling'') was an independent municipality until 1892 and is today a part of Döbling, the 19th district of Vienna. It is also one of the 89 Katastralgemeinden. Geography Oberdöbling lies in the south of the Döbling district of Vienna and covers an area of 241.20 hectares. In the north, Oberdöbling extends to the Krottenbach stream, thus bordering on Sievering and Unterdöbling. In the east, the Barawitzkagasse and Heiligenstädter Straße mark the border with Heiligenstadt, while the former Linienwall marks the border with Alsergrund. In the south, Oberdöbling borders on Währing and in the east on the section of the Katastralgemeinde also known as Währing that lies in Döbling. A settlement named Hart used to stand on the site of modern-day Oberdöbling, but it was abandoned in the 14th century. Oberdöbling developed along what is now the Hofzeile. History The origin of the name Döbling Döbling is mentioned for the first tim ...
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Kahlenberg
The Kahlenberg () is a mountain () located in the 19th District of Vienna, Austria (Döbling). General The Kahlenberg lies in the Vienna Woods and is one of the most popular destinations for day-trips from Vienna, offering a view over the entire city. Parts of Lower Austria can also be seen from ''Stefaniewarte'' at the peak. Next to Stefaniewarte is a 165-meter high steel tower that serves as the transmitter for the ORF, the Austrian Broadcast Corporation. Two terraces are located on the mountain: one at a small church called St. Josef and one at a restaurant built in the 1930s by architect Erich Boltenstern. Parts of the restaurant and a nearby abandoned hotel have been torn down and replaced by a modern restaurant and Modul University Vienna, a private university established in 2007, focusing on Social and Economic Development, in particular in the areas of tourism, information technology and public governance. The demolition was opposed by the local historical society and by s ...
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Sievering
Sievering is a suburb of Vienna and part of Döbling, the 19th district of Vienna. Sievering was created in 1892 out of the two erstwhile independent suburbs Untersievering and Obersievering. These still exist as Katastralgemeinden. For many years it was home to the Sievering Studios, one of Austria's leading film studios. Geography Sievering arose on the banks of the Arbesbach, Vienna, Arbesbach. The more modern distinction between Obersievering and Untersievering coincides with the route of this stream; Obersievering (Upper Sievering) lies between the Schenkenberg, Vienna, Schenkenberg and Hackenberg, Vienna, Hackenberg and therefore upstream of Untersievering (Lower Sievering), which lies to the south of the Meiselberg. An abandoned village named Mitterhofen once lay between the two Sieverings. It was the earliest settlement, consisting of a group of houses around a chapel, but it was subsumed by the towns to either side of it. Chlaintzing, another village which stood on t ...
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Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor
Joseph II (German: Josef Benedikt Anton Michael Adam; English: ''Joseph Benedict Anthony Michael Adam''; 13 March 1741 – 20 February 1790) was Holy Roman Emperor from August 1765 and sole ruler of the Habsburg lands from November 29, 1780 until his death. He was the eldest son of Empress Maria Theresa and her husband, Emperor Francis I, and the brother of Marie Antoinette, Maria Carolina of Austria and Maria Amalia, Duchess of Parma. He was thus the first ruler in the Austrian dominions of the union of the Houses of Habsburg and Lorraine, styled Habsburg-Lorraine. Joseph was a proponent of enlightened absolutism; however, his commitment to secularizing, liberalizing and modernizing reforms resulted in significant opposition, which resulted in failure to fully implement his programs. Meanwhile, despite making some territorial gains, his reckless foreign policy badly isolated Austria. He has been ranked with Catherine the Great of Russia and Frederick the Great of Prussia ...
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Nußdorf, Vienna
Nussdorf (until 1999 spelled ''Nußdorf''; ; Central Bavarian: ''Nussduaf'') was a separate municipality until 1892 and is today a suburb of Vienna in the 19th district of Döbling. Geography Location Nussdorf lies on both banks of the Nussbach (Schreiberbach), where the brook meets the Danube Canal. The district extends in the south as far as the Grinzingerstraße, in the north along the Heiligenstädter Straße and the bank of the Danube up to the border to Kahlenbergerdorf. Originally, the settlement (Alt-)Urfahr also lay within this area. History Origin of the name Nussdorf was officially mentioned for the first time in a deed from the Klosterneuburg Monastery from 1114 as Nuzdorf. The name Nussdorf (English: nut town) probably derives from the numerous nut trees and hazelnut shrubs that grew in the area as late as the beginning of the 19th century. However some also trace the name back to the Slavic word for miserable or meagre. Nussdorf in the Middle Ages Histori ...
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Sin Escudo
In a religious context, sin is a transgression against divine law. Each culture has its own interpretation of what it means to commit a sin. While sins are generally considered actions, any thought, word, or act considered immoral, selfish, shameful, harmful, or alienating might be termed "sinful". Etymology From Middle English sinne, synne, sunne, zen, from Old English synn (“sin”), from Proto-West Germanic *sunnju, from Proto-Germanic *sunjō (“truth, excuse”) and *sundī, *sundijō (“sin”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁s-ónt-ih₂, from *h₁sónts ("being, true", implying a verdict of "truly guilty" against an accusation or charge), from *h₁es- (“to be”); compare Old English sōþ ("true"; see sooth). Doublet of suttee. Bahá'í Baháʼís consider humans to be naturally good, fundamentally spiritual beings. Human beings were created because of God's immeasurable love for us. However, the Baháʼí teachings compare the human heart to a mirror, whic ...
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