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John Stoffolano
John G. Stoffolano, Jr. (born December 31, 1939) is an American entomologist specializing in non-biting fly behavior, physiology, and veterinary issues of flies as vectors of pathogens. Stoffolano was the first to discover the eye worm parasite ''(Thelazia)'' found in dairy cattle in the United States and published the paper with the nematologist MayBelle Chitwood. He was also the first to discover a new species of nematode (''Heterotylenchus autumnalis'', in the face fly, ''Musca autumnalis'', now ''Perionychium autumnale''), which was initially described by William Nickle of the USDA. He joined the faculty of the Department of Entomology at the University of Massachusetts in 1969 and was one of the first N.S.F. postdoctoral fellows, which he took with the insect sensory physiologist, Vincent Dethier. After Princeton for one year (1970–1971), he returned to the University of Massachusetts, where he has been since. Early life and education John Stoffolano was born on Decembe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Entomology
Entomology () is the science, scientific study of insects, a branch of zoology. In the past the term "insect" was less specific, and historically the definition of entomology would also include the study of animals in other arthropod groups, such as arachnids, myriapods, and crustaceans. This wider meaning may still be encountered in informal use. Like several of the other fields that are categorized within zoology, entomology is a taxon-based category; any form of scientific study in which there is a focus on insect-related inquiries is, by definition, entomology. Entomology therefore overlaps with a cross-section of topics as diverse as molecular genetics, behavior, neuroscience, biomechanics, biochemistry, systematics, physiology, developmental biology, ecology, morphology (biology), morphology, and paleontology. Over 1.3 million insect species have been described, more than two-thirds of all known species. Some insect species date back to around 400 million years ago. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tabanus Nigrovittatus
''Tabanus nigrovittatus'', also known as the greenhead horse fly, salt marsh greenhead, or simply the greenhead fly, greenhead or greenfly, is a species of biting horse-fly commonly found around coastal marshes of the Eastern United States. They are much smaller than most horsefly species, instead being close in size to a common housefly. The biting females are a considerable pest to both humans and animals while they seek a source of blood protein Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, respo ... to produce additional eggs. Females live for three to four weeks and may lay about 100 to 200 eggs per blood meal. Affected coastal communities install black box traps in marsh areas to reduce and control ''T. nigrovittatus'' populations. References Tabanidae Insects describe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adipokinetic Hormone
Adipokinetic hormones (AKHs) are metabolic neuropeptides, mediating mobilization of energy substrates in many insects. History An English group first purified AKH in 1976. The chemical structure was determined to be a peptide hormone formed from 10 amino acids. This was the first insect peptide hormone to be identified. After AKH was identified in cockroaches, locust AKH was inserted into a cockroach. A similar increase in lipid mobilization was observed. Conversely, cockroach AKH led to similar activity within a locust. AKH was initially discovered in the locusts ''Locusta migratoria'' and ''Schistocerca gregaria.'' It is generally associated with aiding flight. Lipids are transported from the hemolymph and metabolized by flight muscle in order to maintain flight. However, a high concentration of lipids remains in the hemolymph, implying that an agent may be responsible for activating lipid transport into the hemolymph. This was thought most likely to be a function of hormonal re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Adventures Of Pinocchio
''The Adventures of Pinocchio'' ( ; it, Le avventure di Pinocchio ; commonly shortened to ''Pinocchio'') is a children's fantasy novel by Italian author Carlo Collodi. It is about the mischievous adventures of an animated marionette named Pinocchio and his father, a poor woodcarver named Geppetto. It was originally published in a serial form as ''The Story of a Puppet'' ( it, La storia di un burattino) in the ''Giornale per i bambini'', one of the earliest Italian weekly magazines for children, starting from 7 July 1881. The story stopped after nearly 4 months and 8 episodes at Chapter 15, but by popular demand from readers, the episodes were resumed on 16 February 1882. In February 1883, the story was published in a single book. Since then, the spread of ''Pinocchio'' on the main markets for children's books of the time has been continuous and uninterrupted, and it was met with enthusiastic reviews worldwide. A universal icon and a metaphor of the human condition, the book is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carlo Collodi
Carlo Lorenzini (24 November 1826 – 26 October 1890), better known by the pen name Carlo Collodi (), was an Italian author, humourist, and journalist, widely known for his fairy tale novel ''The Adventures of Pinocchio''. Early life Collodi was born in Florence on 24 November 1826. His mother, Angiolina Orzali Lorenzini, was a seamstress from Collodi, the town from which he later took the pen name, and his father, Domenico Lorenzini, was a cook. Both parents worked for the ' Ginori Lisci. Carlo was the eldest child in the family and he had ten siblings but seven died at a young age. He spent most of his childhood in the town of Collodi where his mother was born. He lived there with his maternal grandmother. After attending primary school, he was sent to study at a theological seminary in Colle Val d’Elsa. An account at the seminary shows that the ' had offered financial aid, but the boy found that he did not want to be a priest so he continued his education at the Col ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Escherichia Coli
''Escherichia coli'' (),Wells, J. C. (2000) Longman Pronunciation Dictionary. Harlow ngland Pearson Education Ltd. also known as ''E. coli'' (), is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped, coliform bacterium of the genus ''Escherichia'' that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms. Most ''E. coli'' strains are harmless, but some serotypes ( EPEC, ETEC etc.) can cause serious food poisoning in their hosts, and are occasionally responsible for food contamination incidents that prompt product recalls. Most strains do not cause disease in humans and are part of the normal microbiota of the gut; such strains are harmless or even beneficial to humans (although these strains tend to be less studied than the pathogenic ones). For example, some strains of ''E. coli'' benefit their hosts by producing vitamin K2 or by preventing the colonization of the intestine by pathogenic bacteria. These mutually beneficial relationships between ''E. col ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orf (disease)
Orf is a farmyard pox, a type of zoonosis. It causes small pustules in the skin of primarily sheep and goats, but can also occur on the hands of humans. A pale halo forms around a red centre. It may persist for several weeks before crusting and then either resolves or leaves a hard lump. There is usually only one lesion, but there may be many, and they are not painful. Sometimes there are swollen lymph glands. It is caused by a ''Parapoxvirus''. It can occur in humans who handle infected animals or contaminated objects. One third of cases may develop erythema multiforme. Once resolved, a person can still be infected again. Generally, treatment options are limited. Injecting the lesion with cidofovir or applying imiquimod has been tried. It is sometimes necessary to cut them out. The vaccine used in sheep to prevent orf is live and has been known to cause disease in humans. The disease is endemic in livestock herds worldwide. A recent outbreak emerged in southwest Ethiopia betw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trachoma
Trachoma is an infectious disease caused by bacterium ''Chlamydia trachomatis''. The infection causes a roughening of the inner surface of the eyelids. This roughening can lead to pain in the eyes, breakdown of the outer surface or cornea of the eyes, and eventual blindness. Untreated, repeated trachoma infections can result in a form of permanent blindness when the eyelids turn inward. The bacteria that cause the disease can be spread by both direct and indirect contact with an affected person's eyes or nose. Indirect contact includes through clothing or flies that have come into contact with an affected person's eyes or nose. Children spread the disease more often than adults. Poor sanitation, crowded living conditions, and not enough clean water and toilets also increase spread. Efforts to prevent the disease include improving access to clean water and treatment with antibiotics to decrease the number of people infected with the bacterium. This may include treating, all ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cholera
Cholera is an infection of the small intestine by some strains of the bacterium ''Vibrio cholerae''. Symptoms may range from none, to mild, to severe. The classic symptom is large amounts of watery diarrhea that lasts a few days. Vomiting and muscle cramps may also occur. Diarrhea can be so severe that it leads within hours to severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. This may result in sunken eyes, cold skin, decreased skin elasticity, and wrinkling of the hands and feet. Dehydration can cause the skin to turn bluish. Symptoms start two hours to five days after exposure. Cholera is caused by a number of types of ''Vibrio cholerae'', with some types producing more severe disease than others. It is spread mostly by unsafe water and unsafe food that has been contaminated with human feces containing the bacteria. Undercooked shellfish is a common source. Humans are the only known host for the bacteria. Risk factors for the disease include poor sanitation, not enough clea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Housefly
The housefly (''Musca domestica'') is a fly of the suborder Cyclorrhapha. It is believed to have evolved in the Cenozoic Era, possibly in the Middle East, and has spread all over the world as a commensal of humans. It is the most common fly species found in houses. Adults are gray to black, with four dark, longitudinal lines on the thorax, slightly hairy bodies, and a single pair of membranous wings. They have red eyes, set farther apart in the slightly larger female. The female housefly usually mates only once and stores the sperm for later use. She lays batches of about 100 eggs on decaying organic matter such as food waste, carrion, or feces. These soon hatch into legless white larvae, known as maggots. After two to five days of development, these metamorphose into reddish-brown pupae, about long. Adult flies normally live for two to four weeks, but can hibernate during the winter. The adults feed on a variety of liquid or semi-liquid substances, as well as solid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Massachusetts Corporation For Educational Telecommunications
The Massachusetts Corporation for Educational Telecommunications (MCET) is a quasi-public agency created by an act of the Massachusetts legislature in 1982 to "establish and operate a statewide communications network to meet the educational and informational needs of business, industry, government, and the inhabitants of the commonwealth." As of 1996, MCET had an annual budget of ~$9 million and its distance-learning content reached 1.3 million participants across 47 states and in every school district in Massachusetts. Its offices were located at One Kendall Square building 1500 (at the corner of Cardinal Medeiros Ave and Binney St in front of Kendall Square Cinema) in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The corporation oversaw Massachusetts Educational Television (MET), a program that had been launched in the 1970s and which was originally managed by the Massachusetts Executive Committee for Educational Television. MET produced and broadcast original educational programming, as well as pur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PictureTel Corp
PictureTel Corporation, often shortened to PictureTel Corp., was one of the first commercial videoconferencing product companies. It achieved peak revenues of over $490 million in 1996 and 1997 and was eventually acquired by Polycom in October 2001. History PictureTel was founded in August 1984 as PicTel by MIT students Brian L Hinman, Jeffrey G. Bernstein and MIT Professor David H. Staelin. The team was also assisted initially by MIT Professor Michael Dertouzos and two of his grad students Greg Papadopoulos and Richard Soley. While at MIT Hinman and Bernstein were motivated by the video compression work by UC Davis Professor Anil K. Jain (1946–1988) and his colleague Jaswani R. Jain who published an important research paper combining block-based motion compensation and transform coding in December 1981. The result was PictureTel, creating one of the first real-time systems to implement motion compensation and transform coding in July 1986. PictureTel was funded as "PicT ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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