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Joginder Singh Gharaya
Lieutenant-General Joginder Singh Gharaya MVC, KC, VSM (31 July 1926 – 13 July 2019) was a highly decorated Indian Army general and the only member of the Indian Armed Forces to have won both the Maha Vir Chakra and the Kirti Chakra, the second highest wartime and peacetime Indian decorations. Early life Born in Montgomery in the Punjab Province (now Sahiwal, Pakistan). He did his schooling from King George Royal Indian Military College(now Rashtriya Military School Chail) and received an emergency commission as a second lieutenant in the Frontier Force Regiment on 20 January 1946, transferring to the Bihar Regiment following the independence and partition of India, when the Frontier Force Regiment was allocated to Pakistan. Decorated officer While serving with the 1st Battalion, Bihar Regiment during Operation Polo in 1948, Gharaya was awarded the Kirti Chakra (then named the Ashoka Chakra, Class II). The official citation reads: ''The President is pleased to approve t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lieutenant-General
Lieutenant general (Lt Gen, LTG and similar) is a three-star military rank (NATO code OF-8) used in many countries. The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages, where the title of lieutenant general was held by the second-in-command on the battlefield, who was normally subordinate to a captain general. In modern armies, lieutenant general normally ranks immediately below general and above major general; it is equivalent to the navy rank of vice admiral, and in air forces with a separate rank structure, it is equivalent to air marshal. A lieutenant general commands an army corps, made up of typically three army divisions, and consisting of around 60 000 to 70 000 soldiers (U.S.). The seeming incongruity that a lieutenant general outranks a major general (whereas a major outranks a lieutenant) is due to the derivation of major general from sergeant major general, which was a rank subordinate to lieutenant general (as a lieutenant outranks a sergeant major). In contrast, i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indo-Pakistani War Of 1971
The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was a military confrontation between India and Pakistan that occurred during the Bangladesh Liberation War in East Pakistan from 3 December 1971 until the Pakistani capitulation in Dhaka on 16 December 1971. The war began with Pakistan's Operation Chengiz Khan, consisting of preemptive aerial strikes on 11 Indian air stations. The strikes led to India declaring war on Pakistan, marking their entry into the war for East Pakistan's independence, on the side of Bengali nationalist forces. India's entry expanded the existing conflict with Indian and Pakistani forces engaging on both the eastern and western fronts. Thirteen days after the war started, India achieved a clear upper hand, and the Eastern Command of the Pakistan military signed the instrument of surrender on 16 December 1971 in Dhaka, marking the formation of East Pakistan as the new nation of Bangladesh. Approximately 93,000 Pakistani servicemen were taken prisoner by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IND Poorvi Star Ribbon
Ind or IND may refer to: General * Independent (politician), a politician not affiliated to any political party * Independent station, used within television program listings and the television industry for a station that is not affiliated with any network * Independent Subway System, a former rapid transit rail system in New York City that is now part of the New York City Subway * International Nurses Day, celebrated in early May of each year to mark the contributions nurses make to society Science and technology * Improvised nuclear device, theoretical illicit nuclear weapon * IND, the Index control character in the C0 and C1 control codes * Individualism Index, a measure of a person's independence from organizations or collectivity * Induced representation, in mathematics, an operation for passing from a representation of a subgroup to a representation of the group itself * Indus (constellation), a constellation in the southern sky * Investigational New Drug, an experiment ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IND Samar Seva Star Ribbon
Ind or IND may refer to: General * Independent (politician), a politician not affiliated to any political party * Independent station, used within television program listings and the television industry for a station that is not affiliated with any network * Independent Subway System, a former rapid transit rail system in New York City that is now part of the New York City Subway * International Nurses Day, celebrated in early May of each year to mark the contributions nurses make to society Science and technology * Improvised nuclear device, theoretical illicit nuclear weapon * IND, the Index control character in the C0 and C1 control codes * Individualism Index, a measure of a person's independence from organizations or collectivity * Induced representation, in mathematics, an operation for passing from a representation of a subgroup to a representation of the group itself * Indus (constellation), a constellation in the southern sky * Investigational New Drug, an experimen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IND Samanya Seva Medal
Ind or IND may refer to: General * Independent (politician), a politician not affiliated to any political party * Independent station, used within television program listings and the television industry for a station that is not affiliated with any network * Independent Subway System, a former rapid transit rail system in New York City that is now part of the New York City Subway * International Nurses Day, celebrated in early May of each year to mark the contributions nurses make to society Science and technology * Improvised nuclear device, theoretical illicit nuclear weapon * IND, the Index control character in the C0 and C1 control codes * Individualism Index, a measure of a person's independence from organizations or collectivity * Induced representation, in mathematics, an operation for passing from a representation of a subgroup to a representation of the group itself * Indus (constellation), a constellation in the southern sky * Investigational New Drug, an experiment ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kirti Chakra Ribbon
''Kirti'' was a Punjabi monthly started by the veteran Ghadarite Santokh Singh in February 1926. It was purely a communist production, subsidized by the Ghadar Party in the United States. Within a few months, Sohan Singh Josh took over as the editor. In 1928, the Communist Party of India tied-Kirti group (also known as the Kirti Kisan Party) was formed, ''Kirti'' became its mouthpiece. Its purpose was to outline the basic ideas of revolution and Marxist ideals. According to Santokh Singh, the word ''Kirti'' is the exact translation of the word "labourer", a person who does not have any capital and means of production and earns his living by working for others. Similarly ''Kirti Shreni'' is the class of people who do not have any capital or means of production. Bhagat Singh was appointed to the editorial board of ''Kirti'' and worked as a deputy editor where he wrote several articles on revolution, communism, and dictatorship of the proletariat In Marxist philosophy, the dictato ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Major General
Major general (abbreviated MG, maj. gen. and similar) is a military rank used in many countries. It is derived from the older rank of sergeant major general. The disappearance of the "sergeant" in the title explains the apparent confusion of a lieutenant general outranking a major general, whereas a major outranks a lieutenant. In the Commonwealth of Nations, Commonwealth and in the United States, when appointed to a field command, a major general is typically in command of a Division (military), division consisting of around 6,000 to 25,000 troops (several regiments or brigades). It is a two-star general, two-star rank that is subordinate to the rank of lieutenant general and senior to the rank of brigadier or brigadier general. In the Commonwealth, major general is equivalent to the navy rank of rear admiral. In air forces with a separate rank structure (Commonwealth), major general is equivalent to air vice-marshal. In some countries including much of Eastern Europe, major ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pakistan Army
The Pakistan Army (, ) is the Army, land service branch of the Pakistan Armed Forces. The roots of its modern existence trace back to the British Indian Army that ceased to exist following the partition of India, Partition of British India, which occurred as a result of the Indian Independence Act 1947, 1947 Indian Independence Act of the United Kingdom. According to statistics provided by the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) in 2021, the Pakistan Army has approximately 560,000 active duty, active-duty personnel, supported by the #Combat maneuvering organizations, Army Reserve and National Guard of Pakistan, National Guard. Pakistani citizens can enlist for voluntary military service upon reaching 16 years of age, but cannot be deployed for combat until the age of 18 in accordance with the Constitution of Pakistan. The primary objective and constitutional mission of the Pakistan Army is to ensure the national security and national unity of Pakistan by defend ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chail Military School
Rashtriya Military School Chail (or Chail Military School) is a residential school in Himachal Pradesh, India, established after the First World War in 1922 with a donation of 250,000 from King George V’s patriotic fund. The school's origins lie with the establishment of King George's Royal Indian Military School in Jullunder (later Jalandhar), Punjab, in 1925. The foundation stone of this school was laid in the Jullunder Cantonment by King George V in February 1922, and the school started functioning in 1925. The school was moved to its present location in Chail, Himachal Pradesh, in 1960. Cadets are known as ''Georgians'' after their founder's father. It is one of the only five RMS (Rashtriya Military Schools which were formerly called Royal Indian Military Schools) of its kind in India; the other four being Ajmer Military School founded in 1930, Belgaum Military School in 1945, Bangalore Military School in 1946 and Dholpur Military School in 1962. RIMC (established in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indian Armed Forces
The Indian Armed Forces are the military forces of the Republic of India. It consists of three professional uniformed services: the Indian Army, Indian Navy, and Indian Air Force.—— Additionally, the Indian Armed Forces are supported by the Central Armed Police Forces, Assam Rifles, Indian Coast Guard and Special Frontier Force and various inter-service commands and institutions such as the Strategic Forces Command, the Andaman and Nicobar Command and the Integrated Defence Staff. The President of India is the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces but the executive authority and responsibility for national security is vested in the Prime Minister of India and their chosen Cabinet Ministers. The Indian Armed Forces are under the management of the Ministry of Defence of the Government of India. With strength of over 1.4 million active personnel, it is the world's second-largest military force and has the world's largest volunteer army. It also has the thi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indian Army
The Indian Army is the land-based branch and the largest component of the Indian Armed Forces. The President of India is the Supreme Commander of the Indian Army, and its professional head is the Chief of Army Staff (COAS), who is a four-star general. Two officers have been conferred with the rank of field marshal, a five-star rank, which is a ceremonial position of great honour. The Indian Army was formed in 1895 alongside the long established presidency armies of the East India Company, which too were absorbed into it in 1903. The princely states had their own armies, which were merged into the national army after independence. The units and regiments of the Indian Army have diverse histories and have participated in several battles and campaigns around the world, earning many battle and theatre honours before and after Independence. The primary mission of the Indian Army is to ensure national security and national unity, to defend the nation from external aggression an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
