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Jikkō Kyō
Sect Shinto () refers to several independent organized Shinto groups that were excluded by law in 1882 from government-run State Shinto. These independent groups may have more developed belief systems than mainstream Shrine Shinto which focuses more on rituals. Starting in the late Edo period, Sect Shinto became established in the Meiji era, after the Meiji Restoration. One denomination ( Jingu-kyo, affiliated with the Ise Jingu Shrine) left during the war, and the final group (before the war) consisted of 13 denominations, which were once also referred to as the 13 Shinto schools. In a broad sense, it includes " Oomoto" which newly joined the "Sect Shinto Federation" after the war. (After the war, "Oomoto" newly joined the "Sect Shinto Federation," while " Tenrikyo" and "Shinto Taiseikyo" left, so that the number of denominations belonging to the "Sect Shinto Federation" is currently 12.) In contrast, to shrine Shinto, which is an aggregation of various shrines and customary ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
State Shinto
was Imperial Japan's ideological use of the Japanese folk religion and traditions of Shinto. The state exercised control of shrine finances and training regimes for priests to strongly encourage Shinto practices that emphasized the Emperor as a divine being. The State Shinto ideology emerged at the start of the Meiji era, after government officials defined freedom of religion within the Meiji Constitution. Imperial scholars believed Shinto reflected the historical fact of the Emperor's divine origins rather than a religious belief, and argued that it should enjoy a privileged relationship with the Japanese state. The government argued that Shinto was a non-religious moral tradition and patriotic practice, to give the impression that they supported religious freedom. Though early Meiji-era attempts to unite Shinto and the state failed, this non-religious concept of ideological Shinto was incorporated into state bureaucracy. Shrines were defined as patriotic, not religious, ins ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amatsukami And Kunitsukami
are the deities, divinities, spirits, phenomena or "holy powers", that are venerated in the Shinto religion. They can be elements of the landscape, forces of nature, or beings and the qualities that these beings express; they can also be the spirits of venerated dead people. Many ''kami'' are considered the ancient ancestors of entire clans (some ancestors became ''kami'' upon their death if they were able to embody the values and virtues of ''kami'' in life). Traditionally, great leaders like the Emperor could be or became ''kami''. In Shinto, ''kami'' are not separate from nature, but are of nature, possessing positive and negative, and good and evil characteristics. They are manifestations of , the interconnecting energy of the universe, and are considered exemplary of what humanity should strive towards. ''Kami'' are believed to be "hidden" from this world, and inhabit a complementary existence that mirrors our own: . To be in harmony with the awe-inspiring aspects of nature ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mountain Worship
Mountain worship (sangaku shinko, ) is a faith that regards mountains as sacred and objects of worship. Description Mountain worship is a form of Nature worship that seems to have evolved from the reverence that ethnic groups closely associated with mountains have for mountainous terrain and the natural environment that accompanies it. In mountain worship, there is a belief in the spiritual power of mountainous areas and a form of using the overwhelming feeling of the mountains to govern one's life. These Faiths are mainly found in the Cultures of inland mountainous regions, where mountains with inhospitable, rugged terrain are essential for their development. In areas with such beliefs, people depend on the River flowing from the mountains and the Forest spreading at the foot of the mountains for all their food, clothing, and shelter, and are constantly being blessed by the mountains they see. On the other hand, the people who hold these beliefs are in an environment where ev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nao Deguchi
Nao Deguchi (January 22, 1837 – November 16, 1918) founded the religion Oomoto-kyo after being possessed by a spirit called Ushitora no Konjin. Even though she was illiterate, she wrote 200,000 pages of prophesies while possessed. Biography Deguchi was born in Fukuchiyama, Tanba province (present day Kyoto prefecture) on January 22, 1837. She was the third child and the first daughter. She was born in the middle of a famine, so her parents considered abandoning her, but chose not to after Deguchi's grandmother scolded them. Her father, Gorosaburo Kirimura, died of cholera when she was 9, leaving Deguchi to work to support the family. When she was 16 she was adopted into the Deguchi family. The Deguchis had no children, and adopted her so that she could marry their adopted son, a carpenter named Masagoro Deguchi, and continue the family name. They had 8 children, but because of Masagoro's alcoholism and financial mismanagement, the family lived in poverty. After falling off ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buddhist
Buddhism ( , ), also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya (), is an Indian religion or philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha. It originated in northern India as a -movement in the 5th century BCE, and gradually spread throughout much of Asia via the Silk Road. It is the world's fourth-largest religion, with over 520 million followers (Buddhists) who comprise seven percent of the global population. The Buddha taught the Middle Way, a path of spiritual development that avoids both extreme asceticism and hedonism. It aims at liberation from clinging and craving to things which are impermanent (), incapable of satisfying ('), and without a lasting essence (), ending the cycle of death and rebirth (). A summary of this path is expressed in the Noble Eightfold Path, a training of the mind with observance of Buddhist ethics and meditation. Other widely observed practices include: monasticism; " taking refuge" in the Buddha, the , and th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inaba Masakuni
was a Japanese ''daimyō'' of the late-Edo period.Meyer, Eva-Maria"Gouverneure von Kyôto in der Edo-Zeit". Universität Tübingen (in German). In the Edo period, the Makino were identified as one of the '' fudai'' or insider ''daimyō'' clans which were hereditary vassals or allies of the Tokugawa clan, in contrast with the '' tozama'' or outsider clans.Appert, Georges. (1888) ''Ancien Japon'', p. 67./ref> Inaba clan genealogy The ''fudai'' Inaba clan originated in Mino Province. They claim descent from Kōno Michitaka (d. 1374),Papinot, Jacques. (2003)''Nobiliare du Japon'' -- Inaba, p. 15 Papinot, Jacques Edmond Joseph. (1906). ''Dictionnaire d’histoire et de géographie du Japon.'' (in French/German). who claimed descent from Emperor Kammu (736–805). Masakuni was part of the cadet branch of the Inaba which was created in 1588. This branch is descended from Inaba Masanari, who fought in the armies of Nobunaga and then Hideyoshi. In 1619, Masanari was granted the ''h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Izumo-taishakyo
is a Japanese Shinto grouping. It was established by Takatomi Senge (1845–1918), the 80th head priest of Izumo-taisha in 1882, as one of the original thirteen sects of ''Kyoha Shintō Rengokai'' (Association of Sectarian Shinto), during the Meiji era in Shimane Prefecture. Overview There is a headquarters (Cultural Affairs Office) on the precincts of Izumo Taisha in Shimane Prefecture and Izumo City, and the staff of Izumo Taisha is also the staff of Izumo-taishakyo. However, while Izumo-taisha itself is affiliated with Jinja Honcho, legally speaking, Izumo-taishakyo is an independent religious corporation separate from Jinja Honcho and associated with Kyoha Shintō Rengokai. Thus Izumo-taishakyo walks a middle ground between Shrine Shinto and Sect Shinto. During the Meiji Period, priests from Izumo Taisha were collected to participate in the creation of a centralized State Shinto. However, due to conflicts primarily with the traditions of Ise-jingu, the Izumo tradition was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unity Of Ritual And Government
The term refers to the unification of ritual and politics. Festival in festival-politics means "festival" and religion. The word "politics" means "festival" and politics. 、In Japan, the Oracle of miko can be traced back to the ancient theocracy, including the Yamato Kingship, where the Oracle of Wu had political authority, as well as the Ryukyu Kingdom, a system of government that was based on the Ryukyu Kingdom. Shinto is an animistic religion, and one of its characteristics is the unity of ritual and government. Although not necessarily restricted to Shinto in Japanese, rites and ceremonies are used in English as Saisei itchi as a term for Shinto. Keiichi Yanagawa defined ritual government as different from theocracy, in which a professional clergyman directly governs.Between Unity and Separation: Religion and Politics in Japan, 1965-1977 Yanagawa Keiichi and David Reid, Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 6/4 December 1979. p.502 Ritual and political unity has be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haibutsu Kishaku
(literally "abolish Buddhism and destroy Shākyamuni") is a term that indicates a current of thought continuous in Japan's history which advocates the expulsion of Buddhism from Japan. Under the shogunate, obtaining the permission to open or close a temple had not been easy. However, the complete disappearance of Buddhist temples from domains like Satsuma was indeed due to the ''haibutsu kishaku''. See also *State Shinto *Buddhism in Japan * Koshintō *Hujum *USSR anti-religious campaign (1928-1941) *Martyrs of Japan *Persecution of Buddhists * Shinbutsu bunri *Shinbutsu kakuri *Shinbutsu-shūgō *Tokugawa Nariaki *Buddhist crisis *Chittagong Hill Tracts Conflict * Buddhas of Bamyan#Attacks on the Buddha's statue *Iconoclasm Notes References * Breen, John and Mark Teeuwen. (2000) ''Shinto in History: Ways of the Kami.''Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shinbutsu Bunri
The Japanese term indicates the separation of Shinto from Buddhism, introduced after the Meiji Restoration which separated Shinto ''kami'' from buddhas, and also Buddhist temples from Shinto shrines, which were originally amalgamated. It is a yojijukugo phrase. Background before 1868 Until the end of the Edo period, in 1868, Shinto and Buddhism were intimately connected in what was called ''shinbutsu-shūgō'' (神仏習合), to the point that the same buildings were often used as both Shinto shrines and Buddhist temples, and Shinto gods were interpreted as manifestations of Buddhas. However, the tendency to oppose Buddhism as a foreign import and to uphold Shinto as the native religion can be seen already during the early modern era, partly as a nationalistic reaction.. In a broad sense, the term ''shinbutsu bunri'' indicates the effects of the anti-Buddhist movement that, from the middle of the Edo period onwards, accompanied the spread of Confucianism, the growth of studi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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