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Jewish Orphans Controversy
The Jewish orphans controversy was a dispute about the custody of thousands of Jewish children after the end of World War II. Some Jewish children had been baptized while in the care of Catholic institutions or individual Catholics during the war. Such baptisms allowed children to be identified as Catholics to avoid deportation and incarceration in concentration camps, and likely death in the Holocaust. After the end of hostilities, Catholic Church officials, either Pope Pius XII or other prelates, issued instructions for the treatment and disposition of such Jewish children, some but not all of whom were now orphans. The rules they established, the authority that issued those rules, and their application in specific cases is the subject of investigations by journalists and historians. In 2005, ''Corriere della Sera'' published a document dated 20 November 1946 on the subject of Jewish children baptized in wartime France. The document ordered that baptized children, if orphaned, s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. World War II was a total war that directly involved more than 100 million personnel from more than 30 countries. The major participants in the war threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role in the conflict, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and deploying the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II was by far the deadliest conflict in human history; it resulted in 70 to 85 million fatalities, mostly among civilians. Tens of millions died due to genocides (including the Holocaust), starvation, ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yad L'Achim
Yad L'Achim ( he, יד לאחים, "hand for brothers") is a Haredi Jewish organization operating in Israel focusing on outreach, counter-missionary work, and opposition to interfaith marriage. Yad L'Achim is made up of both paid staff and volunteers, and is largely supported by donations, both from Israel and the Diaspora. History Yad L'Achim was formed in 1950, with the stated goal of "helping new immigrants to the newly-born country to find a suitable religious framework". Over time, the founders were disturbed by emerging missionary efforts in the new State, and then, later, by assimilation. It then shifted a major part of its activities to combatting these two issues.From the Yad L'Achim websitebackground page Yad L'Achim has other departments as well, including one devoted to the spiritual absorption of immigrants from the Commonwealth of Independent States, and one that helps enroll children in religious schools. Beliefs Yad L'Achim adheres to Haredi Judaism. Coun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Children In The Holocaust
During the Holocaust, children were especially vulnerable to death under the Nazi regime. According to estimations, 1.5 million children, nearly all Jewish, were murdered during the Holocaust, either directly or as a direct consequence of Nazi actions. The Nazis advocated killing children of unwanted or "dangerous" people in accordance with their ideological views, either as part of the Nazi idea of the racial struggle or as a measure of preventive security. The Nazis particularly targeted Jewish children, but also targeted ethnically Polish children and Romani (also called Gypsy) children along with children with mental or physical defects (disabled children). The Nazis and their collaborators killed children both for these ideological reasons and in retaliation for real or alleged partisan attacks. Early killings were encouraged by the Nazis in Aktion T4, where children with disabilities were gassed using carbon monoxide, starved to death, given phenol injections to the he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Child Refugees
Nearly half of all refugees are children, and almost one in three children living outside their country of birth is a refugee.Emily Garin, Jan Beise, Lucia Hug, and Danzhen You. 2016. “Uprooted: The Growing Crisis for Refugee and Migrant Children.” UNICEF. https://www.unicef.org/videoaudio/PDFs/Uprooted.pdf. These numbers encompass children whose refugee status has been formally confirmed, as well as children in refugee-like situations. In addition to facing the direct threat of violence resulting from conflict, forcibly displaced children also face various health risks, including: disease outbreaksToole, Michael J., and Ronald J. Waldman. "The public health aspects of complex emergencies and refugee situations." ''Annual review of public health'' 18, no. 1 (1997): 283-312. and long-term psychological trauma,Kaplan, Ida. "Effects of trauma and the refugee experience on psychological assessment processes and interpretation." ''Australian Psychologist'' 44, no. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Child Custody
Child custody is a legal term regarding '' guardianship'' which is used to describe the legal and practical relationship between a parent or guardian and a child in that person's care. Child custody consists of ''legal custody'', which is the right to make decisions about the child, and ''physical custody'', which is the right and duty to house, provide and care for the child. Married parents normally have joint legal and physical custody of their children. Decisions about child custody typically arise in proceedings involving divorce, annulment, separation, adoption or parental death. In most jurisdictions child custody is determined in accordance with the best interests of the child standard. Following ratification of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child in most countries, terms such as parental responsibility, "residence" and "contact" (also known as "visitation", "conservatorship" or "parenting time" in the United States) have superseded the concepts of " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aftermath Of The Holocaust
The Holocaust had a deep effect on society both in Europe and the rest of the world, and today its consequences are still being felt, both by children and adults whose ancestors were victims of this genocide. Evidence in Germany German society largely responded to the enormity of the evidence for and the horror of the Holocaust with an attitude of self-justification and a practice of keeping quiet. Germans attempted to rewrite their own history to make it more palatable in the post-war era. For decades, West Germany and then unified Germany refused to allow access to its Holocaust-related archives in Bad Arolsen, citing privacy concerns. In May 2006, a 20-year effort by the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum led to the announcement that 30–50 million pages would be made available to survivors, historians and others. Survivors Displaced Persons and the State of Israel The Holocaust and its aftermath left millions of refugees, including many Jews who had lost mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1946 In Religion
Events January * January 6 - The 1946 North Vietnamese parliamentary election, first general election ever in Vietnam is held. * January 7 – The Allies recognize the Austrian republic with its 1937 borders, and divide the country into four Allied-occupied Austria, occupation zones. * January 10 ** The first meeting of the United Nations is held, at Methodist Central Hall Westminster in London. ** ''Project Diana'' bounces radar waves off the Moon, measuring the exact distance between the Earth and the Moon, and proves that communication is possible between Earth and outer space, effectively opening the Space Age. * January 11 - Enver Hoxha declares the People's Republic of Albania, with himself as prime minister of Albania, prime minister. * January 16 – Charles de Gaulle resigns as head of the Provisional Government of the French Republic, French provisional government. * January 17 - The United Nations Security Council holds its first session, at Church House, Westmin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vorpahavak
Following the Armenian genocide, ''vorpahavak'' ( hy, որբահաւաք; ) was the organized effort to "reclaim" women and children who had been abducted and forcibly converted to Islam during the genocide. See also *Rape during the Armenian genocide *Forced religious conversion ''Forced'' is a single-player and co-op action role-playing game developed by BetaDwarf, released in October 2013 for Windows, OS X and Linux through the Steam platform as well as Wii U. It is about gladiators fighting for their freedom in a ... *'' Orphans of the Genocide'' Sources * * * * * * {{armenia-stub Armenian words and phrases Aftermath of the Armenian genocide Forced religious conversion Armenian genocide survivors Ethnic Armenian Muslims Armenian nationalism Genocidal rape ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Postremo Mense
Pope Benedict XIV promulgated the papal bull ''Postremo mense'' on 28 February 1747. Like all other papal bulls, it takes its name from the opening words of its Latin text, ''Postremo mense superioris anni'', meaning "In the last month of the previous year". The bull restated and developed certain aspects of Catholic Church teaching on baptising Jewish children without parental consent and the forcible removal of baptised Jewish children from their families. Contents and background Benedict set out several guidelines: * it is generally not licit to baptize the child of a Jewish family without parental consent * it is licit to baptize a Jewish child in danger of death without parental consent * church authorities have a duty to remove a baptized child from its parents' custody if the parents have not been baptized and to provide the child with a Christian education, whether that child's baptism is licit or not. Ecclesiastical authorities severely punished those who conducted ill ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hidden Children During The Holocaust
Hidden children during the Holocaust were the (mainly Jewish) children who were hidden in various different ways during the Holocaust, in order to save them from the Nazis. Most were hidden in Poland, though some were hidden in Western Europe. Not all attempts to save them were successful; for instance, Anne Frank was eventually captured in Amsterdam. Methods of hiding Most of the Hidden children during the Holocaust were hidden in Poland, though some were also hidden in Holland and France, with some children in other parts of Western Europe. Hidden children during the Holocaust were hidden in several different ways, each way being traumatic, but those where the child was separated from his or her parents were even more traumatic (and see next section). *A Hidden child during the Holocaust who was actually hidden with at least one of his parents, in some physical location, such as a secret attic. The family would need at least one outside non-Jewish "helper," who brought in daily fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Germaine Ribière
Germaine Ribière (13 April 1917 in Limoges, Haute-Vienne – 20 November 1999) was a French Catholic, member of the Résistance, who saved numerous Jews during World War II, and was recognized as a Righteous Among the Nations (July 18, 1967, Yad Vashem, Jerusalem, Israel). The Résistance and the rescuing of Jews As a student at the University of Paris, Germaine Ribière reacted against the discrimination against the Jews, noting for example in her diary in May 1941: "Those who should be awake are those who put the others to sleep", then in June 1941: "The Church, the hierarchy, remain silent. They let the truth be profaned". In May 1941, Germaine Ribière was present during the arrest of Jews in the Marais, the old Jewish neighborhood of Paris (also known as the Pletzl).Phayer, 2000, p. 127. Deciding that her place was no more in Paris, she went to Vichy, where she got involved in the journal ''Cahiers du Témoignage Chrétien'' and the organisation ''Amitié Chrétie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
