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Jean Étienne Duby
Jean Étienne Duby (15 February 1798 in Geneva – 24 November 1885) was a Swiss clergyman and botanist. He studied theology in Geneva, obtaining his consecration in 1820, and having an avid interest in natural history, he earned his degree in natural sciences in 1824. As a young man he was influenced by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle (1778–1841), and made contributions towards Candolle's publication of ''Botanicon gallicum; seu Synopsis plantarum in Flora gallica descriptarum'' (1828-1830). From 1831 to 1863 he served as a pastor in Eaux-Vives, Geneva, while in the meantime playing an active role in botany. He specialized in research of cryptogams, including studies of European and exotic mosses, and taxonomic work involving the red algae genus '' Ceramium''. In addition to his work with cryptogams, he conducted studies on the flowering plant family Primulaceae. In 1860–61 he was president of the ''Société de physique et d'histoire naturelle de Genève''. He was also a co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geneva
Geneva ( ; french: Genève ) frp, Genèva ; german: link=no, Genf ; it, Ginevra ; rm, Genevra is the List of cities in Switzerland, second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and the most populous city of Romandy, the French-speaking part of Switzerland. Situated in the south west of the country, where the Rhône exits Lake Geneva, it is the capital of the Canton of Geneva, Republic and Canton of Geneva. The city of Geneva () had a population 201,818 in 2019 (Jan. estimate) within its small municipal territory of , but the Canton of Geneva (the city and its closest Swiss suburbs and exurbs) had a population of 499,480 (Jan. 2019 estimate) over , and together with the suburbs and exurbs located in the canton of Vaud and in the French Departments of France, departments of Ain and Haute-Savoie the cross-border Geneva metropolitan area as officially defined by Eurostat, which extends over ,As of 2020, the Eurostat-defined Functional Urban Area of Geneva was made up of 9 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ceramium
''Ceramium'' is a genus of Ceramium algae (or Rhodophyta). It is a large genus with at least 15 species in the British Isles.''Maggs, C.A. and Hommersand, M.H.'' 1993. ''Seaweeds of the British Isles. vol.1, Rhodophyta Part 3A Ceramiales.'' HMSO & Natural History Museum, London. The fully corticated group previously referred to as ''Ceramium rubrum'', an illegitimate name, is represented, in the British Isles by: '' Ceramium pallidum,'' ''Ceramium botryocarpum'', ''Ceramium nodulosum'' and ''Ceramium secundatum''.Morton, O. 1994. ''Marine Algae of Northern Ireland.'' Ulster Museum. Description All species of ''Ceramium'' are small algae growing to no more than 30 cm (12 in) in length. They consist of a terete monosiphonous axis of cells surrounded by smaller cells forming a cortex. In most species this a continuous cortex enclosing the axis, in others the cortical cells are arranged only in nodes at the junction of cells of the axes. The tips of the branches grow i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phycologists
Phycology () is the scientific study of algae. Also known as algology, phycology is a branch of life science. Algae are important as primary producers in aquatic ecosystems. Most algae are eukaryotic, photosynthetic organisms that live in a wet environment. They are distinguished from the higher plants by a lack of true roots, stems or leaves. They do not produce flowers. Many species are single-celled and microscopic (including phytoplankton and other microalgae); many others are multicellular to one degree or another, some of these growing to large size (for example, seaweeds such as kelp and ''Sargassum''). Phycology includes the study of prokaryotic forms known as blue-green algae or cyanobacteria. A number of microscopic algae also occur as symbionts in lichens. Phycologists typically focus on either freshwater or ocean algae, and further within those areas, either diatoms or soft algae. History of phycology While both the ancient Greeks and Romans knew of algae, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
19th-century Swiss Botanists
The 19th (nineteenth) century began on 1 January 1801 ( MDCCCI), and ended on 31 December 1900 ( MCM). The 19th century was the ninth century of the 2nd millennium. The 19th century was characterized by vast social upheaval. Slavery was abolished in much of Europe and the Americas. The First Industrial Revolution, though it began in the late 18th century, expanding beyond its British homeland for the first time during this century, particularly remaking the economies and societies of the Low Countries, the Rhineland, Northern Italy, and the Northeastern United States. A few decades later, the Second Industrial Revolution led to ever more massive urbanization and much higher levels of productivity, profit, and prosperity, a pattern that continued into the 20th century. The Islamic gunpowder empires fell into decline and European imperialism brought much of South Asia, Southeast Asia, and almost all of Africa under colonial rule. It was also marked by the collapse of the large ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vesicularia Dubyana
''Vesicularia dubyana'', known as Java moss or Singapore moss, is a species of moss native to Asia. It is common in the aquarium trade. The species was named in honor of botanist Jean Étienne Duby. Description The species is monoecious and perennial, with an irregularly branched stem. In the wild, it is found on soils, rocks, and trunks of trees. Cultivation and uses In the aquarium trade, Java moss can refer to either ''V. dubyana'' or ''Taxiphyllum barbieri'', and it can be difficult to distinguish between the species. Although ''V. dubyana'' was the first species to be called 'Java moss', it has been supplanted in popularity by ''T. barbieri''. It was first introduced to aquarists in 1933. ''V. dubyana'' is a hardy moss when grown in cultivation, and can tolerate temperatures between , low light, and variable pH. It can withstand brackish Brackish water, sometimes termed brack water, is water occurring in a natural environment that has more salinity than freshwate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herbarium
A herbarium (plural: herbaria) is a collection of preserved plant specimens and associated data used for scientific study. The specimens may be whole plants or plant parts; these will usually be in dried form mounted on a sheet of paper (called ''exsiccatum'', plur. ''exsiccata'') but, depending upon the material, may also be stored in boxes or kept in alcohol or other preservative. The specimens in a herbarium are often used as reference material in describing plant taxa; some specimens may be types. The same term is often used in mycology to describe an equivalent collection of preserved fungi, otherwise known as a fungarium. A xylarium is a herbarium specialising in specimens of wood. The term hortorium (as in the Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium) has occasionally been applied to a herbarium specialising in preserving material of horticultural origin. History The making of herbaria is an ancient phenomenon, at least six centuries old, although the techniques have changed l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moscow Society Of Naturalists
Moscow Society of Naturalists (russian: Московское общество испытателей природы (MOIP)) is one of Russia's oldest learned societies. In 1805 it was founded as the Imperial Society of Naturalists of Moscow (''Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou'') under the auspices of two noblemen, Mikhail Muravyov and Alexis Razumovsky, by Johann Fischer von Waldheim in 1805. Princess Zenaǐde Wolkonsky made a gift of her own library to the society.'' Ю. В. Чайковский''Старейшее общество и его библиотека.Москва научная. — М.: Янус-К, 1997. — С. 392—415. It was organised under the auspices of the Moscow State University (MSU) and included many members of the university staff amongst its members. The tasks of the society were considered to be the development of general scientific problems of natural science, the study of the natural resources of Russia, including "the discovery o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Société De Biologie
The Société de biologie is a learned society founded in Paris in 1848. The society was conceived during the French Revolution of 1848. The members of the society held regular meetings and published the proceedings in a new scientific journal. The founding members of the society included Claude Bernard, the naturalist Charles-Philippe Robin, and the surgeon Eugène Follin. Its first president was the doctor and dermatologist Pierre Rayer. Bernard was unanimously elected president of the society in 1867 upon Rayer's death. Historian Mirko Grmek said the society brought together the best physiologists and naturalists in Paris, and that Bernard regularly attended the weekly meetings. During 1849 he spoke at nearly all the sessions. Of the 227 scientific articles published by Bernard from 1848 onwards, 79 of them were published in the ''Comptes-rendus et Mémoires de la Société de Biologie''. Marcellin Berthelot Pierre Eugène Marcellin Berthelot (; 25 October 1827 – 18 Ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Primulaceae
The Primulaceae , commonly known as the primrose family (but not related to the Onagraceae, evening primrose family), are a family (biology), family of Herbaceous plant, herbaceous and woody flowering plants including some favourite garden plants and wildflowers. Most are Perennial plant, perennial though some species, such as Anagallis arvensis, scarlet pimpernel, are annual plant, annuals. Previously one of three families in the Order (biology), order Primulales, it underwent considerable genus, generic re-alignment once molecular phylogenetic methods were used for taxonomic classification. The order was then submerged in a much enlarged order Ericales and became a greatly enlarged Primulaceae ''sensu lato'' (''s.l''). In this new classification of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, each of the Prumulales families was reduced to the rank of subfamily of Primulaceae ''s.l.'' The original Primulaceae (Primulaceae ''sensu stricto'' or ''s.s.'') then became subfamily Primuloideae, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flowering Plant
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants that produce their seeds enclosed within a fruit. They are by far the most diverse group of land plants with 64 orders, 416 families, approximately 13,000 known genera and 300,000 known species. Angiosperms were formerly called Magnoliophyta (). Like gymnosperms, angiosperms are seed-producing plants. They are distinguished from gymnosperms by characteristics including flowers, endosperm within their seeds, and the production of fruits that contain the seeds. The ancestors of flowering plants diverged from the common ancestor of all living gymnosperms before the end of the Carboniferous, over 300 million years ago. The closest fossil relatives of flowering plants are uncertain and contentious. The earliest angiosperm fossils ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red Algae
Red algae, or Rhodophyta (, ; ), are one of the oldest groups of eukaryotic algae. The Rhodophyta also comprises one of the largest phyla of algae, containing over 7,000 currently recognized species with taxonomic revisions ongoing. The majority of species (6,793) are found in the Florideophyceae (class), and mostly consist of multicellular, marine algae, including many notable seaweeds. Red algae are abundant in marine habitats but relatively rare in freshwaters. Approximately 5% of red algae species occur in freshwater environments, with greater concentrations found in warmer areas. Except for two coastal cave dwelling species in the asexual class Cyanidiophyceae, there are no terrestrial species, which may be due to an evolutionary bottleneck in which the last common ancestor lost about 25% of its core genes and much of its evolutionary plasticity. The red algae form a distinct group characterized by having eukaryotic cells without flagella and centrioles, chloroplasts that l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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